九年级Unit2A课件3(Grammar-4c).ppt

Unit 2,Section A 3 Grammar Focus-4c,Unit 1 How can we become good learners?,Grammar Focus,I know that the Water Festival is really fun.,I wonder if theyll have the races again next year.,I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.,I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand.,What fun the Water Festival is!,How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!,How pretty the dragon boats were!,How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!,Look at these sentences,What a great day!,What fun the Water Festival is!,How pretty the dragon boats were!,How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!,感叹句,通常由what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。,Exclamatory statements,what引导的感叹句,What an honest man (he is)!,What beautiful flowers (these are)!,What bad weather (it is)!,how引导的感叹句,How good a book it is!,How careless (you are)!,How I miss you!,How+ adj.+ a/an+ n.+主+谓+! How+(adj./adv.)+主+谓+!,What+ a/an+(adj.)+n.(单数)+(主+谓)+! What+(adj.)+n.(复数/不可数)+(主+谓)+!,宾语从句:,一.宾语从句的概念（什么是宾语从句）试比较 We know him 简单句 主s 谓v 宾o We know he likes basketball.复合句 主s 谓v 宾o 主s 谓v 宾o 宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 We know that Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. He couldnt tell me where his home was.,主句,连接词,宾语从句,that,连接词,连接词,（宾语从句）,I think that theyre fun to watch. Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic. 3. Bill wonders whether theyll have the sweet rice dumplings again next year. 4. I wonder if its similar to the water festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.,Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.,Object clauses with that, if and whether,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词 （连接词） 语 序 时 态,陈述句that (口语中常被省略。),一般疑问句if/whether,特殊疑问句原有的特殊疑问词,陈述句语序 （主句 +连接词 +主语 +谓语 +其他成分.）,当主句是一般现在时，从句用该用的时态。,当主句是一般过去时态，从句必须用 相应的过去的某一时态。,These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars. Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars. People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier. We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system. The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light. Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.,Which of the following sentences has an object clause?,4a,Write sentences using the words given. e.g. think/Lantern Festival/beautiful I think that the Lantern Festival is beautiful. 1. dont know/whether/he/come home/for the festival _ 2. believe/Water Festival/most/fun _ 3. wonder/if/mooncakes/delicious _ 4. how/exciting/races _ 5. what/interesting/city _,I dont know whether he will come home for the festival.,I believe the Water Festival is the most fun.,I wonder if the mooncakes are delicious.,How exciting the races are!,What an interesting city!,Read the passage below and underline the objective clauses. Dear Xia Yu, Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America? One is Mothers Day on the second Sunday of May and the other is Fathers Day on the third Sunday of June. On these two days, American children often give gifts to their parents or take them out for lunch or dinner. Common gifts are flowers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers. I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mothers Day and Fathers Day in China. I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents. I believe that there are many ways to show our love. Actually, we dont have to spend a lot of money. It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead. June,4b,Object clauses with that,由that引导的宾语从句 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导。 注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略。 The teacher says ,“Well have exams next Friday.” The teacher says (that ) well have exams next Friday. The girl said,“I can help him.” The girl said (that) she could help him. Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow. (I hear) The food was delicious . ( He says ),I hear (that) Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow.,He says (that) the food was delicious .,练一练,1.This is a book. 2.You like singing. 3.He worked last night. 4.They will go home. 5.Jim has been to Beijing. 6.She sings well.,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: 1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend ,（that）,1. I hear (that) _. 2. He said (that) _. 3. The teacher told us (that) _ _.,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,around the sun,练习： April is the hottest month of the year. (I believe) _ 2. It was a little crowded. ( I guess) _ 3. The races were not that interesting to watch. (Bill thinks ) _ 4. The Water Festival is really fun.( I know) _,他将一小时候回来,他很想念我们,地球围着太阳旋转,I believe (that) April is the hottest month of the year.,I guess (that) it was a little crowded.,Bill thinks (that) the races were not that interesting to watch.,I know (that) the Water Festival is really fun.,连词that不能省略的几种情况 在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。 1. 从句的主语是that。如： He says that that is a real kings hat. 他说那是一个真的王冠。 2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如： Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. 3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。如： It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays. 卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。 4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列 连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如： She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。,Object clauses with if and whether,当宾语从句是一般疑问句时连词由if和whether引导。表“是否”的意思,我问他是否想去游泳,I ask,Does he want to go swim?,if/whether,I ask,he wants to go swim,1.改为陈述句语气， 2.用if/whether连接,Object clauses with if and whether,由if / whether引导的宾语从句 I. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。 . if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 2008? Could you tell me? Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 2008? Tom asked me, “Are you a student?” Tom asked me if I was a student.,其次要注意时态变化： 1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如： He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。 2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如： Did the train leave? She didnt know. She didnt know if / whether the train had left. Li Lei wonders . Is Jim in ? Li Lei wonders if Jim is in. The doctor wonders . Has she taken any medicine ? The doctor wonders if she has taken any medicine. Tom asked me, “Are you a student?” Tom asked me if I was a student.,一般疑问句语序变陈述句语序 原一般疑问句的主语前如果是be 动词、情态动词或其他助动词，则应将其放到主语之后。 如：He asks: Is Tom a diver? - He asks whether Tom is a driver. 练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework? 4.Can we wear hats in school?,There is a bank near here,It is on Fifth Avenue,They are doing homework,we can wear hats in school,原一般疑问句的主语前如果是助动词do / does / did，应去掉，谓语动词应改为其相应的形式 原一般疑问句的主语前如果是dont / doesnt / didnt，则直接将其放到主语之后； 如：Does he like apples? I dont know. - I dont know whether he likes apples. 5.Does she work in a hospital? 6.Did you go to Center Park? 7.Do we have to wear a uniform?,she works in a hospital,you went to Center Park,we have to wear a uniform,练一练,1.Is he reading ? 2.Do you get up at six? 3.Does Tom work hard? 4.Did you watch TV ? 5.Will they read books ? 6.Can you sing ?,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks ,if/whether,1.Is Jim at home? (I wonder) _ 2. Is June a good time to visit Hong Kong? ( He wonders) _ 3. Does he like sports? ( Do you know) _ 4. Will they play basketball after school? ( He asked) _ 5.Did he like this sweater? (I want to know) _ 6.Can you help me ?(He asked me ) _,Object clauses with if and whether,I want to know if (whether) he liked this sweater.,He asked me whether (if) I could help him.,I wonder if/whether Jim is at home?,He wonders if/weather June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.,Do you know if /whether he likes sports?,He asked if whether they Will play basketball after school.,. if和whether的区别 二者在下列几种情况下不能换用： 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应whether， 不用if。如： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 这是否对，我不能判断。 2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应 whether，不能用if。如： I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否来。 3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如： She cant decide whether to go to America. 她不能决定是否去美国。,注意以下情况只用whether不用if,4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。 5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用 if，不能用whether。如： Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow.汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。 6. if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如： If Simon comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. 假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。,特别强调：If 与whether 的区别(不可替代的情况) 1.I dont know _ he will come or not. （与or not 连用只能用whether） 2.That depends on _he can come back. （介词后只能用whether） 3.He wondered _to stay here the next week.（后与to do 不定式连用只能用whether） 4._he will come is not decided. （句首只能用whether）,我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？,特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序 连接词就是疑问词本身,ATTENTION,Object clauses with w/wh/h（特殊疑问句做宾语） 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，宾语从句的结构为 连接代词 / 连接副词陈述句。,which sweater you like best,I wonder,I wonder,which sweater do you like best,特殊疑问句作宾语从句时， 如果疑问词作主语或主语的定语，其语序不用变化；如果疑问词充当其他句子成分，则宾语从句的结构为连接代词 / 连接副词陈述句。如： Who can answer the question? I want to know. - I want to know who can answer the question. Whose book is on the desk? We all know. - We all know whose book is on the desk. When will they arrive? Please tell us. - Please tell us when they will arrive. 特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：如主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。如： I dont know when we shall start tomorrow Do you know when we shall start tomorrow？,练一练,What is this ? What are you doing ? Where do you live ? When does he get up ? How did you go to work? Who will you play with?,用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me ,He asks me,“What does your father do?” He asks me what my father does. He asked me,“Where did you go yesterday?” He asked me where I went yesterday. 练习： 1.He asked Lucy,“Whats your favorite subject?” 2.Can you tell me,“Why do you like English so much?” 3.Do you know,“Where is the nearest post office ?” 4.I asked the boy,“Which book do you like best?”,Object clauses with w/wh/h,【注意】疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是 dodoes did，变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语动 词再根据时态作相应的变化。,8.Wheres your pen pal from? 9. Where does he live? 10.What language does she speak? 11.Why do you like pandas?,Where your pen pal is from,Where he lives,What language she speaks,Why you like pandas,填一填,was,is,will cook,is singing,has been,was playing,had learned,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。 （需要性原则）,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）,1) He will go to Hong Kong . 2) He is sick. 3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.,1) He to Hong Kong .,2) He sick. 3) He a book . 4) He,辨一辨,would go,was,was reading,his work.,had finished,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,the sun much bigger than the moon.,3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）,ATTENTION,He told me (that),Summer after Spring .,is,I was told (that),is,no news good news.,My parents told me (that),is,注意：宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess 等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的动词，而从句用肯定形式（主语为第一人称，否定在主句，翻译在从句。） 翻译：1. 我认为不会下雨 I _ _ that it _ _. 2. 我认为你的答案不对. I _ _your answer _ right. . 我们相信他还没走. We _ _ that he _ _,dont think will rain,dont think is,dont believe has gone,.Find out the mistakes and correct them. 1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student. 3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4.Do you know who car it is? 5. Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school. 6.Father told me the sun always rose in the east. 7.He doesnt know that when she can come back. 8. I dont understand what did you say.,was,is,whose,I was,rises,you said,根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子,1. 我认为玛丽不回来了。 I dont think Mary _ _. 2. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。 Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai. 3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。 I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.,will,come,was,leaving,