英语国家社会与文化入门01Unit1.ppt

Two goals: Reading English Learning about culture of English- speaking countries,REQUIREMENTS: Class participation 25% Homework 25% Final exam 25% Term paper 25%,Commonwealth of Nations:,With 52 countries which used to be British colonies. （/wiki/File:Commonwealth_of_Nations.svg）,Europe: Cyprus, Malta, UK Africa: Botswana, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia,Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, India, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,North America: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, United States, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago South America: Guyana,For one thing, the days of empire are now long enough ago that only old people remember it as anything of any importance in their lives. 比如，大英帝国时代过去太久，现在只有在老年人的记忆里，大英帝国才有那么一点儿意义。,Par 2, p 2 not least in the close relationships which exist with the countries which used to be a part of that empire, and which maintain links through aorganization. 尤其是同英联邦国家的密切关系，那些国家曾是英帝国的一部分，现在通过英联邦这样一个松散、自愿参加的组织保持关系。,What is the key theme? - It is not easy to sum up the characteristics of the British people in a few words.,p. 4 Stereotype： A fixed (usually wrong) image of somebody or something.,British people are different from each other in terms of： region religion gender economy race,Par 2, p. 4 it is a society with a class-structure. It is possible to exag- gerate the importance of this class-structure, because, but it is true that. 英国是一个有阶级的国家。我也许夸大了这种阶级体系的重要性，读者会说大多数国家都有某种阶级存在，但是英国的阶级构成的确比较明显。,Par 3, p. 4 though the boundary between them is not marked on any map, and exists only as a rather unclear mental attitude. 注释8：，只是一条模糊的、存在于人们心理上的纬线。 改：虽然这个差别并没有标注在任何一张地图上， 而只是人们头脑中的一种态度。,Dominance of London: Population: 1/7 of national population Politics: national capital Culture: long history Business: big companies,Dominance of England Population: over 80% of nation Area: over of nation,Par 2, p. 5 England is physically the largest of the four nations, and it has by far the largest population. This dominance in size is reflected in. 改译：面积和人口的优势反映在,Par 3, p. 5 Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. 注释12：英国是由许多凯尔特人的部落王国构成的，其强大的文化源于中欧地区。 改：那时，英国由许多凯尔特部落王国组成，其强大的文化随着凯尔特人从欧洲中部迁移到不列颠。,Meaning of England and English To foreigners, equate to Britain and British（英国） To Scots and Welsh, just England (英格兰）,Par 3, p. 6 the English have wished to see their monarch as something other than a remote dictator, and have in fact managed to gradually bind the monarchy into a more democratic system, rather than completely rejecting it. 逐渐将君主制融入一种民主体系，而不是完全摒弃君主制。,Invasion of Britain 43 AD，Romans（罗马帝国，欧洲） 449 AD，Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁-撒克逊人，北 欧） Late 8th-11th Century, Vikings（维京人，北欧） 1066, Normans（诺曼人，法国北部）,Par 2, p. 7 The Normans did not: rather they imported a ruling class. 诺曼人并没有向不列颠大举移民，而只是带来了一个新的统治阶级。,Scotland About 5 million people Mountianous areas,Braveheart,Are You Going to Scarbarrow Fair,Are you going to Scarborough Fair Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme Remember me to one who lives there She once was a true love of mine Tell her to make me a cambric shirt Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme Without no seams nor needle work Then shell be a true love of mine Tell her to find me an acre of land (On the side of a hill a sprinkling of leaves) Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme (Washes the grave with silvery tears) Between the salt water and the sea strands (A soldier cleans and polishes a gun) Then shell be a true love of mine Tell her to reap it with a sickle of leather (War bellows blazing in scarlet battalions) Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme (Generals order their soldiers to kill) And gather it all in a bunch of heather (And to fight for a cause theyve long ago forgotten) Then shell be a true love of mine Are you going to Scarborough Fair Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme Remember me to one who lives there She once was a true love of mine,Par 3, p. 7 a process of joining together, so that