2020版高考英语复习第1部分Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars教案（含解析）新人教版必修3.docx

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars话题单词1orbitn轨道2astronautn航天员3phenomenonn现象4technologyn技术5astronomyn天文学6spacewalkn太空行走7explorevt.探险；考察8launchvt.发射9advancedadj.先进的10spacecraftn宇宙飞船11automaticadj.自动的，机械的12scientificadj.科学的13revolutionn革命14progressn/vi.前进；进步，进展15significancen意义；重要性话题短语1solaractivity太阳活动2launchasatellite发射卫星3mannedspaceship/spacecraft载人宇宙飞船4playanimportantpartin在中起重要作用5aspacetravel太空之旅6ablackhole黑洞7atahigherlevel较高水平8sendupanunmannedspaceship发射无人飞船9makeremarkableresults成效显著10developatasteadypace稳步发展11withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology随着科技的发展12beinthelead领先13scientificbreakthrough科学突破14cometrue实现15keep/catchupwith赶上话题佳句1Scienceandtechnologyareaprimaryproductiveforce.科学技术是第一生产力。2Thenewtechnologyhasbeenmorewidelyadopted.这项新技术得到了更加广泛的采用。3Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently.ItsalmostthreetimesaslargeasEarth，andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.据报道，最近发现了一颗行星，它几乎是地球的三倍大，人类有望能在上面生活。4ItsamazingthatChinabecamethethirdcountrythatlaunchedamannedspacecraft.中国成为第三个发送载人宇宙飞船的国家，真是惊人。5Withspacetechnologydevelopingsorapidly，wearesuretomakeavisittothemoonsomeday.随着太空技术的快速发展，我们一定会在将来某一天奔赴月球。佳作背诵随着科技的发展，人类对外层空间的探索越来越深入。你们班据此展开了一次讨论，请根据表格中的内容写一篇短文，并谈谈你的观点和想法。支持(多数学生)1.探索太空是中国人一直以来的梦想；2有助于未来中国参与国际竞争。反对(部分学生)1.探索太空需要大量的金钱，增加国家的负担；2中国是一个发展中国家，应努力解决其他社会问题。你的观点和感想Asurveyabouttheexplorationofouterspaceisconductedinourclass.Theresultshowsthatdifferentstudentshavedifferentopinions.ThemajorityareinfavorofspaceexplorationbecausetheChinesepeoplehavebeendreamingofgoingintoouterspaceforalongtime.ExploringspacewillhelpChinatotakepartintheinternationalcompetitioninthefuture.However，somestudentsargueagainstit.Intheiropinion，spaceexplorationincreasestheeconomicburden，whichcallsforalargeamountofmoney.Inaddition，asadevelopingcountry，Chinaissupposedtomakeeveryefforttosolveothersocialproblems.Personally，itsnecessaryforustoexplorespace，andwenotonlyfeelhappybutalsoproudofthegreatachievementsmadeinthisfield.Asastudent，IwillstudyhardsothatIcanmakeagreatcontributiontoourcountry.识记思考运用1核心单词atmospheren大气层；气氛crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落gentleadj.温和的；文雅的floatvt.&vi.使浮动；使漂浮n.漂浮物puzzlevt.&vi.使迷惑；使为难n.谜；难题existvi.生存；存在existencen存在；生存violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violencen暴力harmfuladj.有害的harmn&vt.伤害，损害climaten气候pulln&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力2阅读单词unlikeprep.与不同；不像oxygenn.氧(气)carbonn.碳massn.质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加gravityn.万有引力；重力fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的fundamentn.基础，根本religionn.宗教；宗教信仰religiousadj.宗教的biologyn.生物学biologistn.生物学家biologicaladj.生物学的physicistn.物理学家physicsn.物理学extinctadj.灭绝的；绝种的extinctionn.灭绝globen地球仪；地球globaladj.全球性的；全世界的exhaustvt.用尽；耗尽；使筋疲力尽exhaustedadj.精疲力尽的systemn系统；体系；制度systematicadj.系统的；有规则的theoryn学说；理论theoreticaladj.理论上的用上面所给单词的适当形式填空1HarvardUniversitytakesinanyoutstandingstudentregardlessofreligion (religious)，colourorbackground.2Waterexists (exist)inthreeforms.whichareliquid，gasandsolid.3Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamental (fundament) skilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.4Fruitjuicecanbeharmful (harm)tochildrensteeth.5Thereisalotofrubbishfloating (float)onthesurfaceoftheriver.6Whatmakesmepuzzled (puzzle)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.7Manypeopleareworriedaboutthefactsaboutglobal (globe)warming.8Shegotinterestedinplantsanddecidedtobeabiologist (biology)9Thevolcanoeruptedviolently (violent)，yetthevillageatthefootofitsurvived.10Themantookthelittleboygently (gentle)inhishandandputhimupintothetree.1“推、拉”家族pulln&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力drawvt.&vi.拖，拉dragvt.&n.拖，拉，拽pushv&n.推，推动(力)2“碰、撞”家族hitv碰撞，打击crashv碰撞；坠落bumpn&v.撞；碰撞(声)collidev碰撞；相撞collisionn撞击；碰撞runinto撞上knockinto撞上knocktogether相撞3后缀-ist必备名词荟萃archaeologist考古学家biologist生物学家chemist化学家physicist物理学家psychologist心理学家specialist专家sociologist社会学家scientist科学家typist打字员tourist旅游者，游客4与“太空”有关的单词集锦astronomern天文学家astronomyn天文学astronautn宇航员satelliten卫星orbitn轨道universen宇宙gravityn万有引力planetn行星spaceshipn宇宙飞船atmospheren大气层识记思考运用1动词介词/副词cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋dependon依靠；取决于breakout突发；爆发blockout挡住(光线)prevent.from阻止；制止watchout小心，注意2动词名词(介词)layeggs下蛋givebirthto产生；分娩getthehangof熟悉；掌握；理解3其他形式nowthat既然intime及时；终于用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1Heclimbedthemountaincarefully，allthetimewatchingoutforlooserocks.2Doctorssaymanydiseasescanbepreventedfromspreadingbyhandwashing.3Nowthatthekidshavelefthome，wehavegotalotofextraspace.4Shestartedasanofficejunior，andintimebecamethedirectorofthewholecompany.5Afterafirebrokeoutinthelab，alotofequipmentwasdamaged.6WheneverIencounterdifficulties，shewillencouragemeandhelpmecheepup.1“动词from”短语一览keep/stop/prevent.from阻止；制止separate.from把和分离开differfrom与不同sufferfrom受苦hearfrom收到的来信prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.bansb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.fromdoingsth.2表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃watchout (for) 小心；当心lookout当心takecare小心becareful小心在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。动词itadj./n.(宾补)todo。他的决定使我们在今天下午四点以前完成工作成为可能。Hisdecisionmadeitpossibleforustofinishtheworkbyfouroclockthisafternoon.2.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。倍数表达法：倍数asadj./adv.原级as其他。杰茜卡付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessicadevotedthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyasshedidbefore，soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.3.“Oh，dear，”Icried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”nowthat“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。既然大家都到齐了，我们可以开始开会了。Nowthateverybodyishere，wecanbeginthemeeting.4.Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearthsgravityincreased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。过去分词作状语，说明主语的情况。长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofuswentbackhome，hungryandtired.3500词汇语境篇先练后背，事半功倍ExploreMKIIMKII，aplanetbillionsofkilometersaway，is1.theoriginoflifeinmanyreligions.Physicists2.haveproved(prove) thetheorythatitsgentleclimateandthepullofitsgravityaresimilartotheearths.Andastronomershavefoundthatoxygenatomsandcarbondioxide,3.whicharefundamentaltolife，existinitsatmospherethroughsatellites.4.Cheered(cheer) upbythisnews，biologists，intheirturn，begantodosomeresearchtoremovepeoplespuzzles.Nowthattherearesome5suitable(suit) conditions，doeslifereallyexistonthisglobe?Divingbirthtobabies?Lastmonth，aspaceshipwassentthere.Itsapity7.thatthismissionfailed.Unliketheearth，MKIIisamuch 8.younger(young) planet.Thus，massesofharmfulacidcloudsfloateverywherecausingviolentchain9.reactions(react) tobreakout.Thesecloudsnotonlyblockedoutthepilotssight10.butalsodamagedtheenginesystem.Luckily，thepilotswatchedoutcarefullyandpreventedthespaceshipfromcrashingintime.Notes：engine/endn/n发动机，引擎mission/mn/n使命；代表团；v.给交代任务；派遣harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的(教材原句)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。拓展词：harmn&vt.伤害；损害harmlessadj.无害的；无辜的(1)beharmfulto对有害(2)doharmtosb.dosb.harm伤害某人causeharmtosb.伤害某人meannoharmto.对没有恶意Thereisnoharmindoing.做无害处。(1)ToomuchTV-watchingcanharm(harmful) childrensabilitytolearn.看电视过多会影响孩子的学习能力。(2)单句语法填空Itneveroccurredtohimthathiscarelessnesscoulddosuchgreatharmtohimself.Theymaynotbeabletohelpbuttheresnoharminasking(ask)them.Ifusedimproperly，themedicinewillbeharmful(harm)toyou.(3)语境活用Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydoharm (harmful)toyourphysicalhealth，butitisalsoharmful(harm)toyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.玩电脑游戏不仅对你的身体健康有害，而且对你的身心健康也有害，因此建议你放弃玩电脑游戏是没有害处的。existvi.存在，在于(教材原句)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。拓展词：existencen存在；生存existingadj.(仅用于名词前)目前的，现存的(1)existon靠为生existin存在于中Thereexists/existed.某地有；存在(2)comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在inexistence存在要点释疑(1)exist只用作不可数名词，因此没有被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。(2)Thereexist.表示“存在”“有”，there不要换成it。(1)Eversincealongtimeago，therehaveexisteddifferentopinionsamongscientistsonhowtheuniversefirstexisted(cameintoexistence)长期以来，在宇宙的起源这个问题上，科学家们一直存在不同看法。(2)单句语法填空Itwasimpossibleforthemtoexist(existence) onsuchasmallincome.Asisknowntous，thePeoplesRepublicofChinacameintoexistence (exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.Theserviceisavailabletoallexisting(exist)customers.(3)单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy，butwecantforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldntevenexist(existence) ifitwerentforcasualconversation.puzzlen谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(教材原句)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。拓展词：puzzledadj.困惑的；感到迷惑的puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的(1)puzzleover/about苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁(2)beinapuzzle(about)(对)不知如何是好(3)bepuzzledabout对迷惑不解(1)Therewasapuzzledlookonherfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)她脸上有迷惑不解的神情，因为有个令人费解的问题使她困惑。(2)语境活用Herpuzzled(puzzle)lookshowedthatshewaspuzzled(puzzle)aboutwhathesaid.Yes，itwasreallyapuzzlebecauseitwaspuzzling(puzzle)thathewouldratherthrowawaythefoodthangiveittothoseinneed.Whathesaidaswellaswhathedidpuzzled(puzzle) allthepeoplepresent.她的困惑的表情表明她对他说的话感到迷惑。这的确是个谜，因为他宁可把那些食物扔掉也不给那些急需的人的做法令人困惑。他所说的和他所做的让在场的人感到困惑。pulln&vt.(拉)力；拖；牵引力(教材原句)Astherocketroseintotheair，Wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearthsgravity.随着火箭升入空中，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pullaway(车辆等)驶离；开走pullin(车辆等)进站；靠停pulldown拆除pullout拔出；驶出；拉出，拿出pullthrough恢复健康pullup(使)停车(1)Hepulledoutamobilephoneandmadeacall.他掏出手机打了个电话。(2)ThetrafficlightswentgreenandIpulledaway.交通灯变绿，我开车离开。(3)用pull相关短语的适当形式填空Thepolicemansignalledthedrivertopulloverhiscarsothathecouldcheckhislicence.Whenallpassengerswereonboard，thetrainpulledoutofthestation.Herfamilywonderedifshecouldpullthroughaftertheoperation.Theearthquakepulleddownmostofthebuildingsinthecity.TheexpressfromBime及时；终于；迟早(教材原句)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervapourandothergases.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体。intime(for/todo)及时ontime准时；按时innotime立即，马上atnotime决不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)atatime一次atonetime曾经；一度attimes有时takeonestime别着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间(1)Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”Oureffortswillpayoffintime.常言道，“有志者事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。(2)用time的相关短语填空AtnotimedidIfeeltheywerebeingunreasonable.Thecarcametoastopjustintimetopreventanaccident.Youdbetterdoonethingatatime，sothatyoucanconcentrateonit.Atonetime，thatkindofthingwouldhavemademereallyangry.Welldoupyourcarinnotimeatall.(3)写作能力提升Ifyoustudyhard，youwillsucceedintime.Ifyoustudyhard，youwillsucceedsoonerorlater.inonesturn轮到某人(教材原句)Thustheyhave，intheirturn，becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.因此轮到它们成为这个行星上最重要的动物。 (1)inturn依次；轮流；转而；相应地byturns轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itisonesturntodosth.轮到某人做某事。Itturns/turnedoutthat.结果是(2)turnin上交；上缴turnover反复考虑；翻身；翻转；移交turndown关小；调低；拒绝turnout生产；制造；培养出；结果是；证明是(1)Unexpectedlytheweatherturnedoutprettynicethatday.出乎意料的是，那天天气特别好。(2)Shekeptturningovertheeventsofthedayinhermind.她脑子里不断琢磨当天发生的事。(3)用taketurns/by turns/inturn的适当形式填空。Theyoungparentshadtotaketurnstolookaftertheirsickbaby.Thechangeoftheclimatemakestheearthwarmer.Inturn，thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate，too.Idecidedtodividethisclassintothreegroupstogivethemlessonsbyturns.cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋(教材原句)Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。(1) cheerfor为喝彩叫好；为鼓劲加油cheersb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油cheerthevictory为胜利而欢呼(2)cheerfuladj.快乐的，高兴的(3)Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！(1)WheneverIencounterdifficulties，shewillencouragemeandhelpmecheerup.每当我遇到困难时，她总是鼓励我，帮我振作起来。(2)语境活用Thecheering(cheer)newsmadethecheerless(cheer) boycheerful(cheer)，whichmadehisparentscheerup，too.这个令人鼓舞的消息使得这个不愉快的小男孩高兴起来，他的父母也感到很高兴。Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命得以发展了。句中使用了“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。即：make宾语宾语补足语当该结构中的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置，即makeit宾语补足语不定式短语或从句。find，feel，think，leave等动词也有这样的用法。(1)Thesungivesofflightandheat，whichmakesitpossible/makingitpossibleforplantstogrow.太阳发出光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。(it指代不定式)(2)单句语法填空Peopleinthewestmakeitaruletobuy(buy) Christmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.Myparentswouldliketomakemestudy(study) 24hoursaday.Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecouldmakehimselfheard(hear)(3)写作能力提升精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。MasteringthetechnologymakesitpossibleforustousetheInternetmoreeffectively.(不定式作宾语)MasteringthetechnologymakesitpossiblethatwecanusetheInternetmoreeffectively.(从句作宾语)(4)单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Inhisintroduction，hemadeitclearthatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，然后我摔倒了。twiceasfaras.是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。常见的倍数的表达方式有：(1)倍数as形容词/副词原级as.(2)倍数形容词/副词比较级than.(3)倍数thesize/height/weight/depth/.of.(4)倍数asmany/much名词as.(5)倍数what从句(6)倍数thatof.要点释疑在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。(1)Thistableistwicebigger(big)thanthatone.Thistableis3timesasbigasthatone.Thistableis3timesthesizeofthatone.这张桌子是那张的3倍大。(2)Theproductionnowisthreetimeswhatitwastenyearsago.现在的产量是10年前的3倍。(3)单句改错Theredruleristhreetimesatthelengthoftheyellowone.去掉atItisshownthatmenhavetwiceasmoreseriousaccidentsaswomendoonaveragewhiledrivingaccordingtorecentstatistics.moremany(4)写作能力提升Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesasbigasthepreviousone.Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesbiggerthanthepreviousone.Ourneighbourhasahouseasbigaswedointhecountry.Ourneighbourhasasbigahouseaswedointhecountry.单词拼写1Accordingtothetheory (理论)ofrelativity，nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.2Heoftensaysthathedoesntbelieveinanyreligion(宗教)andonlybelievesinhimself.3Thoseanxiousforreformsaythatthepresentsystem(体制)istoonarrow.4Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamental (基本的) skilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.5Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed (碰撞)intothebackofabus.6Hefoundsomethingfloating (漂浮)onthelake，whichfrightenedhim.7Ifyoumultiply(乘)twoandthree，youwillgetsix.8Accustomedtotheclimate (气候)inthecountryside，theoldcoupleprefernottomovetothecity.单句改错1Thereissomuchrainontheislandthatitsannualrainfallreachesasmanyassixtyinches.manymuch2Youllsucceedontimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.onin3DoyouknowwhentheMarriageLawcameintoanexistence？去掉an4Thenewbridgeisthreetimeswidthofthatonebuiltlastyear.times后加the5Shehasgotintothebadhabitofreadinginthebed，whichisharmfulforhereyes.forto6Thetwinbrothersstoodunderthetree，puzzlingandsayingnothing.puzzlingpuzzled7Eventhoughheisalittleboy，strangeideasalwaysexistsinhismind.existsexist8Thesunheatstheearth，whichmakespossibleforplantstogrow.make后加it.教材与语法填空Theearthwasjust1.acloudofdustafterthe“Big Bang”Theearthexploded2.loudly (loud)withfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducemanythings，whichwere3.tomake (make) theearthsatmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearonitssurface.Itallowedtheearthtodissolve4.harmful (harm) gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Smallplantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thisencouragedthe5.development (develop) ofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalssuchasinsects，reptilesanddinosaurs6.appeared (appear) aftergreenplantsappeared.Smallcleveranimalsspreadall7.overtheearth.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbo