2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions课时作业（含解析）新人教版选修8.docx

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions课时作业.阅读理解A(2018江苏B)In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consomm.Although the main attraction was the soup，Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food.When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldnt tell how much theyd had：those given extralarge shares ate more than everyone else，but were none_the_wiser they didnt feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fastfood places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特)When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending“bad” tables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily.Diners at bad tablesnext to the kitchen door，sayspent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about bad tables，” given that theyre profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。它主要通过引入现代餐馆的鼻祖马蒂兰罗兹制订的标准以及学者对于餐馆的研究来介绍现代餐馆在经营中影响食客消费的几个要素：视觉要素(餐具、灯光)、听觉要素(音乐)、嗅觉要素(气味)、其他要素(桌位、拥挤程度和价格)。素材旨在通过现代餐馆的经营理念，让考生了解西方现代餐馆的经营之道。1The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were _.Anot aware of eating more than usual Bnot willing to share food with othersCnot conscious of the food quality Dnot fond of the food provided【答案】A词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“.those given extralarge shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller.”可知，那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他们没觉得更饱，这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此处的none the wiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故选A项。2How could a fine dining shop make more profit?APlaying classical music. BIntroducing lemon scent.CMaking the light brighter. DUsing plates of larger size.【答案】A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候，食客们会花更多的钱。spent more就是对题干中make more profit的语意转化。故选A项。3What does the last paragraph talk about?ATips to attract more customers. BProblems restaurants are faced with.CWays to improve restaurants reputation. DCommon misunderstandings about restaurants.【答案】D主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句中的things that you might expect to discourage spending“bad”tables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily可知，你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高未必如此(指在某些人看来，这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加)。由此可知，作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见的观点是一种误解，故选D项。B(2019郑州模拟)Best InventionsSun PowerPeople who buy solar panels (嵌板)for their home hope to help the environment and save some money.But they end up with large metal boxes on their roof.Tesla，a car company，solved the problem.The solution is the Solar Roof.It is a series of tiles (瓦) made to look like traditional roofing material while using the power of the sun.Tesla developed it with SolarCity，a longtime provider of solar panels.It is now available to the public.Talking TechEcho gives users the ability to talk to their tech.Apples Siri and Microsofts Cortana do that too.But in many ways，Amazons version，Alexa，which is built into Echo，is more powerful.Alexa has grown since it was put on the market in 2014，and today，you can use it to turn on the lights，order a pizza，and more.Echo costs $ 180.Amazon recently developed a junior version，the $ 50 Echo Dot.Spin and RollGoodyear is reinventing the wheel.It introduced its Eagle 360 spherical tire (球形轮胎) in March,2016.The tires allow cars to move in many directions，including sideways，and at angles to handle slippery surfaces.The key is magnetic levitation (磁悬浮)Tires are fixed to cars，but Eagle 360s float beneath them.Theyre meant for selfdriving cars of tomorrow.Cycle SafetyJeff Woolf had a serious bike crash.If he hadnt been wearing his helmet，he would have been badly hurt.He wondered why so many riders didnt wear helmets.That turns out it was mostly because helmets were big and hard to carry around.Woolf，an engineer，came up with Morpher.The helmet is made from interwoven plastics (交错编织的塑料)It is strong，but its also flexible enough to fold almost totally flat.That makes it easy to carry.Morpher is priced at $ 119.【文章大意】此文为应用文，文章主要介绍了四项新发明。4What can we know about the Solar Roof?AIt is designed for cars. BIt is currently on the market.CIt is costly but energysaving.DIt consists of large metal boxes.【答案】B细节理解题。根据第一段It is now available to the public.可知solar roof 已经上市，被公众使用，所以B正确。5What can users do with their Alexa?AChat with their friends. BControl their tech through voice.CReduce noise in their home.DSave money on their purchases.【答案】细节理解题。根据文章第二段and today，you can use it to turn on the lights，order a pizza，and more.可知我们可以利用Alexa来开灯，点外卖等，即利用声音操控高科技。6What do we know about the Eagle 360?AIt is fastened to cars. BIt is a selfdriving system.CIt is environmentallyfriendly.DIt is intended for autonomous cars.【答案】D细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句话Theyre meant for selfdriving cars of tomorrow.可知这种轮胎是为无人驾驶汽车准备的，所以D正确。7What is good about Morpher?AIt prevents bike crashes. BIt is conveniently foldable.CIt can be bought worldwide.DIt is cheaper than traditional helmets.【答案】B细节理解题。根据文章最后一段It is strong，but its also flexible enough to fold almost totally flat.That makes it easy to carry.可知Morpher，可弯曲，容易折叠，容易携带，所以B正确。.阅读七选五(2016课标卷)Everyone knows that fish is good for health._1_ But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult._2_ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way._3_ Fresh fish should smell sweet：you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh._4_ When you have bought a fish and arrive home，youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish._5_ First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，its ready to serve.ADo not buy it.BThe easiest is to steam it.CThis is how you can do it.DIt just requires a little knowledge.EThe fish will go bad within hours.FWhen buying fish，you should first smell it.GThe fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了买鱼和烹饪鱼的小窍门。1【答案】G细节句。上句提到吃鱼对人的健康有益，本句是对上句的解释说明，G项符合语境，意为“人们认为鱼的脂肪有助于预防心脏病。”2【答案】D细节句。上句指出；购买、储存和烹饪鱼并不是难事。本句承接上句，D项符合语境，意为“它只需要一点儿知识”。3【答案】F主旨句。下文指出了新鲜的鱼和不新鲜的鱼都有什么气味，由此可判断F项为主题句，意为“买鱼时应该先闻闻味道”。4【答案】A细节句。上句指出有腥味或者味儿很大的不新鲜，本句承接上句，指出不要购买这样的鱼，故A项正确。5【答案】B过渡句。上文指出做鱼的方法有很多种，根据下文出现的steam可知此处讲述了清蒸的方法，故B项正确，意为“最简单的方法就是清蒸”。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处