2020版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分Unit3Inventorsandinventions教案（含解析）新人教版选修8.docx

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions话题单词1inventv发明2createv创造3creativeadj.有创造力的4patentn专利证书；专利权5diligencen努力6favoriteadj.最喜欢的7motivatevt.激励8hobbyn爱好9appetiten嗜好10selfconfidencen自信11talentn才能12availableadj.可以利用的13challengen挑战14trendn趋势，倾向v倾向，伸向15consultv请教，商量话题短语1makejointefforts做出共同努力2ingeneral大体，通常，一般而言3achievehighefficiency达到高效4sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事5carryout实施6thereisnodoubt不容置疑的7payoff回报8makefulluseofthetime充分利用时间9achieveonesambition实现某人的抱负10keeppacewith跟上的最新发展话题佳句1Necessityisthemotherofinvention.需要是发明之母。2SoIamdeterminedtomeetthechallenge.因此，我决心迎接挑战。3Myidealistobeawellknownscientist.我的理想是想成为一位著名的科学家。4Itwasawonderfulinventionatthetime.在当时那是一项了不起的发明。5Hewasfullofinventionalwaysmakingupnewusefulproducts.他有丰富的创造力总是能创造出新奇的，有用的产品。佳作背诵科技创新大赛假定你是李华，你所在的城市最近举办了“科技创新大赛”，你参加了此项比赛并设计了一件具有新功能的日常生活用品。请用英文写一封邮件，将你的创意与你的英国朋友Tom分享。要点如下：1设计理由；2介绍新功能；3你的感想。注意：1.词数不少于100；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearTom，Recentlyacompetitionoftechnologicalinnovationhasbeenheldinourcity.EverytimeInoticemyteacherswipingtheirhandwritingawayfromtheblackboardandthentheirhandsbecomingdusty，Ihopetoofferthemsomehelp，soIdesignedamagicpenforthem.Theappearanceofmypenisdifferentfromthechalk，butresemblesacommonpen.Thenewfunctionsmakeitmoreusefulthanacommonpen.Pressingthebutton“T”，whichisspeciallyintendedforteachers，userscanwriteontheblackboardagainandagain，asthehandwritingwillbeclearedupautomaticallyafterafewseconds.Besides，youcanchangethewritingcolorseasily.Fromthetechnologicalinnovation，Ilearnedthataslongaswetaketimetoobserveourlife，wecanfindwaystomakeitbetter.Doyoulikemypen?Yours，LiHua识记思考运用1核心单词courtn法庭；法院seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺refrigeratorn冰箱tapvt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头freezingadj.冰冻的；严寒的bearvt.忍受bore (过去式)borne (过去分词)filen文件；档案vt.提交；将归档wiren金属丝；电线wirelessadj.无线的merryadj.愉快的；高兴的merrilyadv.高兴地；愉快地stableadj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的stabilityn稳定性practicaladj.实际的；实用的practisevt.练习practicen练习，实践expectationn预料；期待；期望expectv预料；期待；期望；认为innocentadj.清白的；无罪的；天真的innocencen天真；清白convenientadj.便利的；方便的；就近的conveniencen便利；方便inconvenientadj.不方便的；引起麻烦的cautionn小心，谨慎cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的cautiouslyadv.小心地；谨慎地productn产品producevt.生产productionn产量productiveadj.多产的；有创造性的2阅读单词strawn稻草gluen胶水perfumen香水jamn果酱；阻塞ripeadj.成熟的，熟的powdern.粉，粉末helicoptern直升飞机stainlessadj.无污点的stringn细绳，线，带lanternn灯笼；提灯courtyardn庭院，院子patentn专利权，专利证书cubicadj.立方体的，立方形的greengrocern(英)蔬菜水果商trianglen三角形；adj.三角形的extensionn扩大，延伸；电话分机directoryn商行名录；电话号码簿personneln全体人员；职员；人力资源；人事部dynamicadj.充满活力的，精力充沛的validadj.有效的，合理的，有根据的versionn译本；看法；说法identificationn.鉴定，辨别criterionn.标准，准则，原则 (pl.) criteriapassiveadj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercyn宽大；仁慈abruptadj.突然的；意外的abruptlyadv.突然地；唐突地associatevt.联想；联系n同伴；伙伴associationn协会；社团；联合；联想currentn(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的currentlyadv.普遍地；通常地distinguishvt.&vi.显示的差别；辨别distinguishedadj.卓著的；著名的；高贵的competencen能力；胜任；本领competentadj.有能力的，能胜任的；能干的，称职的用上面所给单词的适当形式填空1Hetookmeasurestomakeuphisfault，whichreceivedourrecognition(recognize)2AlthoughtherearemanypracticaldifficultiesinlearningoralEnglish，youmustkeeppracticingspeakingeveryday.(practice)3Itisfreezingoutsidenow，andmoresnowisfallingonalreadyfrozenstreets.(freeze)4Ifnobodycanproveyourinnocence，howcanyousayyouareinnocent？(innocent)5Heisacautiousmanandisalwaysdoingthingswithcaution.Youshouldgetonwithhimcautiously.(caution)6YoucanvisitProfessorLiwhenitisconvenient，thatis，athisconvenience.Hishouseisconvenientlynearthebusstop.(convenient)7Inwesterncountries，thenumber“thirteen”isusuallyassociatedwithbadluck，butactuallythereisntanyassociationbetweenthem.(associate)8Themercilesskingshowednomercyandkilledalltheprisoners.(merciful)9Thedogwaggeditstailinexpectationofabonebutwasexpectedtogoout.(expect)10Thisismyoccasionalvisittothethemepark，inwhichIoccasionallymeetthecartooncharactersIlikemost.(occasion)1“社会交往”之“警告、提醒、禁止、要求与命令”caution 小心attention 注意forbid 禁止remind 提醒warn 警告be aware of 意识到look out 当心take care 小心watch out 当心；注意claim 声张command 要求force 强迫order 命令request 请求require 要求2“频度”高频词速记annual adj.每年的frequent adj.频繁的；经常的regular adj.定期的；固定的；习惯性的；经常的occasional adj.偶尔；间或rare adj.罕有；很少usually adv.常常always adv.总是often adv.经常3“学习”相关词汇一览assignmentn任务；作业effortn努力instructionn教育；指导；传授progressn进步；前进referencen参考；参照revisionn复习；温习4“演讲；报道”相关词汇一览lecturen演讲；讲座speechn报告；演说reportn报告；报道addressvt.演讲；致辞deliveraspeech发表演讲makeaspeech发表演讲识记思考运用1动词介词(副词)callup给打电话；使想起setabout开始；着手diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入setout (todo)开始(做)hangon不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过ringback回复电话ringoff挂断电话2其他形式nowandthen偶尔；有时outoforder次序颠倒；发生故障用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1Itstheloveandresponsibilitythathavedrivenhimtogetthroughmanyhardshipsandsurvive.2Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen，eventhoughhesinhisnineties.3Dontyouthinkthefilesandsomeofthepaperswereoutoforder？Youhadbettersortthemout.4Whenyouwereout，Johnrangup，andhewantedyoutoringhimback.5ThephotosonyourWechatcallupthedayswhenweworkedtogetheronthefarmsfifteenyearsago.6Havingmadeuphismind，Flanksetaboutcarryingouttheplanimmediately.1表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选getdowntodoingsthsetouttodosth.setaboutdoingsth.settledowntosth.start/begin doing/todosth.2打电话相关短语大全打电话给某人call/ringback回电话3rather相关短语一览orrather更确切地说wouldrather宁愿ratherthan而不是otherthan除了在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。so.that.“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。Hisinventionwassopracticalthathesoongotapatent.2.Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。本句为“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”结构。给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。Givemeachance，andIllgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.3500词汇语境篇先练后背，事半功倍StrangePatentApplicationsIsetaboutworkinginthecurrentPatentOfficeafterresigning1.fromthecourtpersonnel.Competentanddynamic，Ineverfeelpassivewhiledivingintotheidentificationsofwhetherapplicationsarevalidand2.practical ( practically) accordingtothenewversionofthecriteria.Withtheexpectationofdistinguishingtheirownimportance，ducts ( produce) withusnowandthen，forexample，lanternthatcan4.beattached ( attach) onyourforehead，cubicwalnuts，refrigeratormadeofstrawandglue，perfume5.that/whichnobodycanbeartosmell，andsoon.Once，amanmadeatrianglehelicopterout6.ofstainlesswiresandstring.Hecalledusupandmerrilyclaimeditwasstableandconvenienttouse，andneveroutoforder.Iaskedhimtohangon，7.butthisinnocentmanjustrangoffandsetouttoflyfromhiscourtyard.I8.dialed (dial)hisnumberinthedirectorytryingtoringhimback，butnevergotthrough.OwingtomercifulGodblessing，anabruptfreezingrainfallmadehisfuelpowderwet.Luckily，thetroublewaswithoutanyextensionexcept9.thathecrashedintoagreengrocersmakingalltheripefruitsbecomemessyjam.Whenpeopleseizedthiscrazymanwithcautionandsoberedhimbytappinghisface，hecomplainedaboutthebadweatherinsteadof10.associating (associate) hisfailurewithhisunscientificdesign.Note：sober/sb(r)/adj.冷静的；有节制的；朴素的distinguishvt.&vi.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别(教材原句)Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。拓展词：distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishableadj.易分辨的，能区分的(1)distinguishbetween.and.区分/辨别和distinguish.from.使有别于，使具有区别于的特征distinguishoneself(as.)(作为)表现突出(2)bedistinguishedfrom不同于bedistinguishedby以为特征bedistinguishedfor.因而出名bedistinguishedas.作为而闻名(1)Everymanslifeendsthesameway.Itisonlythedetailsofhowhelivedandhowhediedthatdistinguishonemanfromanother.每个人的生命结局都是一样的。彼此的差异只在于是怎样生活、又是怎样死的这些细节上面。(2)Readinggoodbookscannotonlyenrichourmindshutalsoteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。(3)TheChinesenationisdistinguishedforitsdiligenceandcourage.中华民族以勤劳勇敢著称。(4)写作能力提升Hewasdistinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomicsandwaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(用分词短语作状语改写)Distinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomics，hewaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(5)单句语法填空(2018浙江卷)Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent，ambition，energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguished(distinguish) writer.cautionn小心；谨慎(教材原句)ThistimewithgreatcautionIbentdowntoexaminethesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy.这次我非常谨慎地弯腰去检查那些蛇，发现它们很困。拓展词：cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的cautiouslyadv.小心谨慎地(1)withcaution小心地(2)becautiousabout/of.对小心谨慎becautioustodosth.做小心谨慎(1)Thetruthisabeautifulandterriblething，andshouldthereforebetreatedwithgreatcaution.真相是一种美丽而可怕的东西，因此需要格外谨慎地对待。(2)TheteachergaveTomacautionandtoldhimnevertodoitagain.老师给了汤姆一次警告，叫他不许再那样做。(3)单句语法填空Thegirlswereafraidofsnakesandpickedtheirwayalongwithextremecaution.Healwaysputsforwardunusualplans.Sobecautiousaboutthembeforeyoudecidetojoinin.Ifshehadbeenevenmorecautious(cautious)，shewouldnthavemadethatmistake.Shelookedcautiously(cautious) aroundandthenwalkedawayfromthehouse.associatev使联合；联想，联系；交往n同伴；伙伴(教材原句)Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone，hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybodyslife.虽然他一直以发明电话闻名于世，但是他的确是一个永不停息的探索者，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的可行方法。拓展词：associationnC协会；社团；U联合；结合；交往(1)associate.with.把和联系起来beassociatedwith和有关associatewith和交往或打交道(2)inassociationwith和联合；与有关(1)Theearthquakesaresaidtobecloselyassociated(associate) withlarge-scaleicelossevents.据说地震与大规模的冰川消融有密切关系。(2)Youmustbearitinmindthatyoushouldneverassociatewithbadcompanions.你必须谨记永远不要和坏人打交道。(3)单句语法填空Inthechildrensmindssummerisassociated(associate)withpicnics.Weareworkinginassociation(associate)withalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.Thefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociating(associate)withotherpeople.(4)写作能力提升Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhichareassociatedwithsmoking.Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsassociatedwithsmoking.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsinassociationwithsmoking.(association)callup给打电话；使回忆起(教材原句)WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话时，她感到很心烦。(1)callat拜访(某个地点)calloff取消；停止callon/upon拜访(某人)；号召callfor呼吁；要求；需要；去接(某人)callout大声地说出；命令某人出动callin召集；召来(2)ring/callback回复电话ringoff/hangup挂断电话givesb.aring/call给某人打电话(3)hang/holdon不挂断电话(1)Yourlettercallsupthosepleasantdayswhenweworkedtogether.你的来信使我回想起那些我们一起工作的快乐日子。(2)Duringthewar，allyoungmenwerecalleduptofightinthearmy，thenavyortheairforce.战争时期，所有的年轻人都被征召参加陆军、海军或空军。(3)用call相关短语的适当形式填空。Theydecidedtocallinadoctorbecausethechildwasnotanybetter.Thisisaproblemthatcallsforanimmediatesolution.Theboyonwatchstartedcallingoutwhenhesawsomebodyapproaching.Hehadtocalloffthemeetingbecauseofthebadweather.Thispicturecalls/calledupmymemoriesoftheamusingexperience.Wecalledatournewneighbourslastweek.(4)单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Theinstructorscalledforanambulance.setabout开始；着手(教材原句)Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。setaboutsth./doing sth.set out to do sth.开始/着手(做)某事setout出发，启程setoff出发，动身；使爆炸setaside留出；对不予以考虑setdown记下，写下setup建立，开办；开业；树立；造成，产生；安排setoffforsetoutforleavefor出发(到某地去)(1)Theysetabouttheirworkwithgreatenthusiasm.他们以极大的热情投入到工作中。(2)Setasidesometimeeachdaytowrite，evenifitisonlyfiveminutes.每天留出一点儿时间来写作，哪怕只有5分钟。(3)用set相关短语的适当形式填空Wesetaboutdiscussingwhenandhowweshouldfinishthetask.Thesoonerwesetaboutit，thesoonerwellfinishit.AsatraditionalwaytocelebratetheSpringFestival，settingofffirecrackersiswelcomedbymostChinesepeople.Heisusedtosettingdownhisimportantthoughtsinhisdiary.Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占据你的大脑。本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句式。祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。(1)“祈使句and陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。(2)“祈使句or/or else/otherwise陈述句”相当于“if否定条件状语从句主句”。(3)“名词词组and陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another等词。(1)Learntounderstand，andyouwillkeepawayfromaworldfullofsadnessanddisappointment.学会理解，你就会远离满是悲伤和失望的世界。(2)Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort，youwillsucceed.Onemoreeffort，andyouwillsucceed.Makeonemoreeffort，andyouwillsucceed.如果你再努力些，你就会成功。(effort)(3)Workharderand/thenyouwillsucceedinyourstudies.Ifyouworkharder，youllsucceedinyourstudies.Workingharder，youwillsucceedinyourstudies.如果你努力学习，在学习上你就会成功。(work)(4)写作能力提升如果你不刻苦学习，你就会考试不及格。Studyhard，or/otherwiseyoullfailinyourexams.Ifyoudontstudyhard，youllfailinyourexams.Youwillfailinyourexamsunlessyoustudyhard.(5)单句语法填空(2018北京卷)Inanyunsafesituation，simplypressthebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.单词拼写1Manyworkerssaidtheycouldntbear (忍受)thelonghours.2Amarriageprovidesasafeandstable (安定的) homeforthehusbandandwife.3Morethan100,000peoplediedperyearbecauseofpassive (被动的)smoking.4Inmyopinion，onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyandseizing (抓住)opportunitiescanonesucceed.5Leaveabasinofwateroutsideinfreezing (严寒的) weather，anditwillsoonbecoveredwithice.6Whatcriteria (标准)areusedforassessingastudentsability?7Hestooyoungtodistinguish (区分)rightfromwrong，andneedsyourguidance.8Thatgirltapped (轻敲)herfingersonthedeskimpatiently.9Shehassucha(n) innocent (无辜的)facethatIfindithardtobelieveanythingbadofher.10Weallhaveanexpectation (期待)thathecanpassthedrivingtestnextweek.单句改错1Thesoundofseagullscalledinhishappymemoriesofhischildhood.inup2Whenyoucometoschool，pleasevisitmyofficeforyourconvenience.forat3Wetriedinvaintoreachyoulastnight.Wasyourphoneoutoftheorder？去掉the4Thenewgovernmentmustsetoutfindingsolutionstothecountryeconomicproblems.outabout5Seizethechanceandyouwillregretit.andor/otherwise6Ithinkyousbouldbecautionaboutgivingyouraddresstostrangers.cautioncautious7Ifeelhonoredtohavethechancetolive，workandassociateforthem.forwith8Distinguishingforitsdiligenceandcourage，theChineseNationhasattractedtheattentionfromtheworld.DistinguishingDistinguished.教材与语法填空Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountryside1.onthephone，shelearnedthatsnakescameneartheirhouseandthatthesnakes2.seemed (seem) tohavemadetheirhomethere.Thewriterfeltproudandconsidered3.itachanceforhertodistinguishherselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout4.researching (research) thehabitsofsnakes.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbeeasilycaught.5However，herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.As6.aresult，shehadtoattempta7.thirdtime，whichhelpedherfulfillheraim8.successfully (success)9.Pressed (press) byherfriendsandrelations，shedecidedtosendher10