2020版高考英语一轮总复习课时作业38Unit3Inventorsandinventions（含解析）新人教版选修8.docx

课 时 作 业 .阅读理解(2019康杰中学高三调研)Food storing is common in members of the crow (乌鸦) family. A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour, which may have evolved (进化) specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage. Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food. So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hourssomething we wouldnt expect them to do naturally. But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.In another experiment, the researchers taught crows to select a token (礼品券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food. Again, the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour. This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning, which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour. For example, we know that chimpanzees select, transport and save appropriate tools for future needs.These studies have shown that animals can plan for the futurebut they left an important question open for debate. Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage, or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions? Most critics would say the former, as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviours.But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesnt typically occur in nature. This supports the view that at least some cognitive abilities in animals dont evolve just in response to specific problems. Instead, it suggests that animals can apply these behaviours flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans. We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved. Then we might be able to see how crows ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.本文通过乌鸦，谈论有关动物的进化，但是目前还不清楚它们是怎样进化的。1Whats the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1?AThey can store food.BThey can use tools to recover food.CThey can store and recover tools.DThey can select and store food.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food.But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.可知，对乌鸦的新发现是：他们可以存储和恢复工具。故选C。2What are crows trained by scientists to do when given a token?AReject it casually. BExchange it for food.CSave it as their food. DBuild a nest with it.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In another experiment, the researchers taught crows to select a token (礼品券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food.可知，训练乌鸦用奖品券来交换食物。故选B。3What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future?AThey are controversial.BThey are disappointing.CThey are contradictory.DThey are convincing.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句These studies have shown that animals can plan for the futurebut they left an important question open for debate.可知，科学家们关于动物可以为未来做计划的研究是有争议的。故选A。4What can be inferred about cognitive abilities in animals?AThey develop only with age.BIt is unclear how theyve evolved now.CNo animals but crows benefit from them.DPlanning for the future helps their evolution.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved.可知，还不清楚它们是怎样进化的。故选B。.七选五(2019成都外国语学院高三检测)Choosing the right college for you is not so easy.You should have a general idea of what you want and dont want.The idea can guide you to find what fits your needs best. _1_Think about what major you want to study in college.If you know that，just look at colleges that have your major. _2_ So think carefully about your major and interests before choosing one.Where the college is located matters.Anyone who tells you the location isnt important is lying. _3_ If you look forward to working in the publishing industry，New York may be your best bet.If your parents want you to stay close to home，please dont consider anywhere that requires a plane ticket to get to.Think about how much you can afford.Are your parents，paying for your education? If so，how much are they willing to spend？Do you have to contribute anything? Financial aid and scholarship exist，but dont count on anything. _4_ These are all things to consider before you fall in love with a college.Make sure youre going to spend time with the right people.The cool thing about college is that each different one attracts different kinds of people.For the first thing in your life，you get to choose where you get to spend your time and who you get to spend it with. _5_ Make sure that the people youre with for four years are your kind of people.ACollege is about learning what you love.BYoud better choose a major that is popular.CGo to the college with some people you like.DAre you willing to go into major debt over a school?ERemember，above all，its the people that make the place.FIf you dont like cold weather，stay away from northern schools.GThese guidelines will help figure out what college you want to go to.文章列举了几项选大学必须考虑的因素，比如专业、学校位置、经济能力和交友等。1G解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲选大学要知道自己想干什么和不想干什么，这些想法会指引你找到自己最需要的。G项“这些指引会帮助你判断你想去什么大学”，与上句并列，故选G。2A解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。选大学之前要先根据兴趣考虑想学的专业，A项“大学就是学自己喜欢的东西”，符合本段内容，与前后句意思一致。故选A。3F解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲上大学其次考虑大学的地理位置，F项“如果你不喜欢寒冷天气就远离北方学校”，和地理位置有关，符合本段内容。故选F。4D解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲上大学还要考虑自己的经济实力，本段列举了几个需要考虑的因素，D项与上面几个问题并列，符合本段内容。故选D。5E解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲大学交友的重要性，和什么样的人交朋友很重要。E项“记住，毕竟这是一个由人组成的地方”，符合本段内容。故选E。.语法填空(2019安徽省合肥市高三调研性检测)Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature.A Chinese garden _1_ (be) like a scroll(卷轴)painting, _2_ (show) a series of carefully composed scenes. New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways. In the gardens, _3_ most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere. There, a path seems to end, but all of _4_ sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions(亭子), rock formations, spring watersall combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the _5_ (enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall _6_ (use) to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall. A Chinese garden may have windows on all _7_ (it) four walls. And it is _8_ (interest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views at different angles, and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged.A Chinese garden is where culture is both created and enjoyed. All plants mark the shift of the _9_ (season). Similarly, water, a symbol of the everchanging, _10_ rocks, a symbol of the eternal(永恒的), create a harmonious balance of natures yin and yang.本文是一篇说明文。中国古典园林设计的目的是创造一个小规模的自然景观，强调人与自然的完美和谐。中国园林就像一幅卷轴画，展示了一系列精心构成的场景。中国园林是创造和享受文化的地方。植物随着季节变化。一草一木皆让你惊喜，水与岩石创造了自然界阴阳和谐的平衡。1is解析：考查谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句中的主语是单数，且全文整体时态是一般现在时，所以谓语动词要用is。2showing解析：考查非谓语作定语。句意：一个中国园林就像一卷画，展示了一系列精心构成的场景。分析句子A Chinese garden _1_ (be) like a scroll(卷轴)painting, _2_ (show) a series of carefully composed scenes.可知，本句中的show在句子中作定语，修饰主语painting, 二者是主动关系，故用showing。3what解析：考查名词从句。句意：在花园里，最常见到的是蜿蜒的小径，似乎是无尽的。分析句子In the gardens, _3_ most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere.可知，句中主语从句中缺少主语，缺少主语指物的要用what，故填what。4a解析：考查固定搭配。all of a sudden为固定搭配，意为“突然地”，故填a。5entrance/entry解析：考查名词。分析句子可知，本句中的enter前有定冠词the，在英语中the修饰的是名词，故要用enter的名词形式entrance/entry。6used解析：考查非谓语作定语。在一个中国花园的入口处，通常有一块巨大的石头或墙用来遮挡你的视线。分析句子可知，本句中的use是作stone or wall 的定语，本句中是用石头和墙来遮挡视线的。因此二者是被动关系，故填used。7its解析：考查代词。句意：中国的花园可能在它所有的四个墙壁上都有窗户。分析句子可知，本句是指墙自身有窗户，故填its(它的)。8interesting解析：考查形容词。句意：有趣的是，通过窗户，游客可以在不同的角度看到不同的风景。本句是常用句式It isadj.that从句，而interest是名词，所以用其形容词interesting。9seasons解析：考查名词复数。句意：所有的植物都标志着季节的变化。而一年有四季，故季节要用复数形式seasons。10and解析：考查连词。句意：同样地，水是千变万化的象征，岩石是永恒的象征，它们创造了自然界阴阳的和谐。分析句子可知“水”和“岩石”二者是并列的主语，所以要填and。.短文改错(2019宁夏银川一中高三模拟)Wolf Warrior ， which opens across the country on July 27, 2017, was the biggest hit of the summer. My family went to see the film on last week. We arrived at the cinema ahead of time, finding it was crowded and people were talking about the film excited. I couldnt wait see my favorite star Wu Jing, whom plays a Chinese soldier in the film. Its a fun film combined lots of action and some humor with “feelings” for friend and families. We were all moved by the words at an end of the film. I will keep them in mind that my great motherland are always behind me.答案Wolf Warrior ， which across the country on July 27, 2017, was the biggest hit of the summer. My family went to see the film last week. We arrived at the cinema ahead of time, finding it was crowded and people were talking about the film . I couldnt wait see my favorite star Wu Jing, plays a Chinese soldier in the film. Its a fun film lots of action and some humor w