2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes课时作业（含解析）新人教版.docx

Unit 4 Earthquakes课时作业.阅读理解A(2019邯郸模拟C)Have you ever noticed tiny raised areas on the branches of a tree？These may have been insects.These small insects feed on tree sap(汁液)Insects on urban trees are notably more abundant than those on rural trees.As a result，urban trees suffer from heavy infestations(害虫横行)，and are often unhealthy or die.To protect and restore urban trees health，we need to determine the factors that make these tree pests more successful in urban habitats.Living organisms interact closely with their environment.The warmer，more droughtstressed trees harbor more successful pests than cooler，less droughtstressed trees.As cities and natural habitats become hotter and drier，damaging insects will become more abundant on urban trees.Trees within urban forests are valuable economically and for the environmental sustainability(可持续性)of the region.More than half of the worlds population lives in cities.Across the globe，people are moving into cities at a faster rate than ever.Rapid growth may turn cities into places with harder conditions.Although cities are primarily made of buildings，roads，parking lots，and vehicles，there are still plants in them.The trees within a city are referred to as the urban forest.Urban forests offer very big benefits to human and environmental health.They improve air and water quality，provide habitat for wildlife，cool down temperatures and beautify our environment.They make cities livable.However，being a city tree is not easy.Heat released by human activities is trapped in cities.As a result，temperatures in urban areas are often warmer than their surrounding rural areas.We call this urban warming or the urban heat island effect.Urban habitats are mostly made of surfaces of asphalt(沥青)and concrete.These surfaces reduce the amount of rainwater that reaches tree roots.As a result，urban forests may suffer，which can negatively affect people and the environment.What can we do to restore urban forests？Regular irrigation when possible may help keep pest populations under control.Planting tree species that are suitable to handle heat and drought stress would also reduce the occurrence of insect pest outbreaks.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了城市中的森林使城市宜居，但是人类的活动对城市的树木产生了极大的影响，所以我们应该为保护城市树木采取行动。1What makes tree pests more successful in the city than in rural areas?AThe warmer and rainy habitat.BThe hotter and drier habitat.CThe cooler and drier habitat.DThe hotter and rainy habitat.【答案】B细节理解题。根据第二段As cities and natural habitats become hotter and drier，damaging insects will become more abundant on urban trees.可知，使城市中的害虫比农村地区更多的原因是越来越热和干燥的栖息地。故选B。2Urban forests make cities livable by _.Aproviding people enough clean waterBimproving the living environmentCoffering people economic benefitsDlowering the temperatures【答案】B细节理解题。根据第三段They improve air and water quality，provide habitat for wildlife，cool down temperatures and beautify our environment.They make cities livable.可知，要通过改善居住环境使城市森林使城市宜居。故选B。3According to the text，what results in the city trees suffering?ANatural disasters.BInvisible forces.CHuman activities. DNatural evolution.【答案】C细节理解题。根据第三段主要讲了人类的活动对城市的树木产生了极大的影响，因此，城市森林可能受到损害，这也可能对人和环境产生不利影响。故选C。4What would be the best title for the text?AThe Importance of the Urban TreesBHow to Protect the Urban TreesCUrban Trees Are in Great DangerDLets Act for the Protection of Urban Trees【答案】D标题判断题。本文主要介绍了城市中的森林使城市宜居，但是人类的活动对城市的树木产生了极大的影响，所以我们应该为保护城市树木采取行动。故选D。B(2018天津D)Give yourself a test.Which way is the wind blowing？How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door？If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，youll have no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.A childs day is filled with fascination，newness and wonder.Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness.But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear；we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激)，new ideas.Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple，although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.This blocks awareness.One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students，I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream.The students began complaining about how cold it would be.We reached the stream，and they unwillingly walked ahead.They were almost kneedeep when they realized it was a hot spring.Later they all admitted theyd felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷)many of us have with naming things.I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird，immediately looked it up in field guides，and said，a “rubycrowned kinglet” and checked it off.They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of “time” and “destination” are further blocks to awareness.I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant campground with just enough time to get there before dark.It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit，to take a moment to see whats around them.I asked them what theyd seen.“Oh，a few birds，” they said.They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait.Next time you take a walk，no matter where it is，take in all the sights，sounds and sensations.Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。跟儿童相比，成年人的观察能力有所退化。那究竟是什么阻碍了我们重新学习观察周围世界的艺术呢？作者给出了答案一是惯于预测，二是痴迷于命名事物，三是只想赶时间，到达目的地。作者建议我们花点儿时间去观察和等待，这样，我们就会看到生活的一个新的方面。5According to Paragraph 2，compared with adults，children are more _.Aanxious to do wonders Bsensitive to others feelingsClikely to develop unpleasant habits Deager to explore the world around them【答案】D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.(我们大多数人在孩提时代比成人后观察得更多)”可知，孩子们更渴望探索他们周围的世界，故答案为D。其他三项无中生有。6What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?ATo avoid jumping to conclusions. BTo stop complaining all the time.CTo follow the teachers advice. DTo admit mistakes honestly.【答案】A推理判断题。该段中作者讲述了自己的一次经历学生听“我”说“我们”要过山里的一条小溪，他们就开始抱怨它很凉，不愿意往前走，但实际上这条小溪很浅，而且是温泉。作者想借此经历告诉我们不要草率下结论，与本段关键词stop predicting相符。故答案为A。jump to conclusions匆忙下结论；贸然断定。7The bird watchers behavior shows that they _.Aare very patient in their observation Bare really fascinated by natureCcare only about the names of birds Dquestion the accuracy of the field guides【答案】C推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句知本段讲的是人们痴迷于给事物命名。观鸟者看到一只鸟，知道它的名字后就不再去注意它，也不再去了解它正在做什么。这表明他们只关心鸟的名字，故答案为C。8Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?AThe natural beauty isnt attractive to them.BThey focus on arriving at the camp in time.CThe forest in the dark is dangerous for them. DThey are keen to see rare birds at the destination.【答案】B推理判断题。根据第五段的第一句可知，“时间”和“目的地”的压力阻挡了人们对大自然的感知，因为急着按时赶到目的地，人们无暇顾及沿途的风景，故答案为B。A项“自然美景对他们没有吸引力”，曲解文意；C项“黑暗中的森林对他们而言很危险”，无中生有；D项“他们很想在目的地看到珍稀鸟类”，无中生有。9In the passage，the author intends to tell us we should _.Afill our senses to feel the wonders of the world Bget rid of some bad habits in our daily lifeCopen our mind to new things and ideas Dtry our best to protect nature【答案】A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的take in all the sights，sounds and sensations知，作者建议我们下次散步时，不管在哪里，都应该欣赏周围的风景，聆听周边的声音，好好感受我们周围的世界，故答案为A。B项“摆脱我们日常生活中的一些坏习惯”，非文章主旨；C项“乐于接受新事物和新思想”，无中生有；D项“尽我们最大的努力保护大自然”，无中生有。.完形填空As scientists learn more about the causes of earthquakes，they become better able to predict them.First of all，they know that quakes are _1_ to occur in areas where the tectonic(地壳构造的)plates push _2_ each other.They _3_ these areas closely，using different instruments.They _4_ the vibrations(震动)of the earth with seismographs(地震仪)，which _5_ on rolls of paper all movements，both large and small.Scientists usually use the Richter scale(里氏震级)，_6_ after a famous seismologist，for these measurements.When an earthquake measures over 4.5 on the Richter scale，it is _7_ enough to cause damage.Scientists have determined that a(an)_8_ is not likely to have a large _9_ when many small quakes have been _10_.When the small quakes stop，then pressure _11_ and a strong quake is more likely.There are several other _12_ to predict earthquakes.Scientists can measure the tiny _13_ in the tilt(倾斜)of the land that happen before an earthquake occurs.Increases in the amount of radon(氡)，a substance found in deep _14_，as well as a high level of water in the wells，can also _15_ that an earthquake is likely to occur.In addition，scientists have found that some animals，like dogs，behave _16_ before an earthquake: they become _17_ and howl.Seismologists have _18_ predicted several earthquakes，such as the earthquake which occurred in Zhangjiakou，China in 1998._19_，not all earthquakes are predictable，and a system for predicting is not yet _20_.1A.possible BlikelyCprobable Dhopeful【答案】Bsb./sth.is likely to do sth.意为“某人/某物有可能做某事”。probable，possible常用it作主语。2A.over BupCon Dagainst【答案】Dpush against sth.意为“对某物施加压力，挤压某物”。3A.study BlearnCsearch Dwatch【答案】A本句意“使用不同的仪器，他们密切地研究这些地区”。4A.take BobserveCmeasure Dnotice【答案】C根据文意，他们测量地球的震动。5A.write BrecordCnote Dreport【答案】B地震仪将地球所有运动都记录在纸上。6A.called BgivenCsigned Dnamed【答案】Dname sth./sb.after sb./sth.意为“以某人/某物的名字命名某人/某物”。7A.strong BbigClarge Dclear【答案】A此句句意“当测量的地震超过里氏4.5级时，它就可引起强烈破坏”。8A.land BplateCarea Dplace【答案】Carea指地图上或图表上所标明的或可以实际看到界限的某一地区或地界。9A.accident BearthquakeCdisaster Ddamage【答案】B此处指科学家判断大地震发生的可能情况。10A.shaking BoccurringCproducing Dplanning【答案】Boccur意思为“发生”。11A.builds BappearsChappens Dadds【答案】Abuild(up)意思为“变得更大、更多或更强”。12A.methods BthingsCways Dideas【答案】C本文介绍的是科学家们预测地震的方法。13A.facts BamountCfigures Dchanges【答案】D此句句意“科学家们能预测出地震发生前陆地发生倾斜的微小变化”。14A.holes BwellsCriver Dwater【答案】B后面有提示：as well as a higher level of water in the wells。15A.mean BsayCtell Dexplain【答案】Amean意为“意味着”。increases in the amount of radon是主语。16A.normally BregularlyCstrangely Dcuriously【答案】C某些动物在地震前会表现得很“反常”，用strangely。17A.excited BpleasedCwild Dnervous【答案】Dnervous意思为“紧张不安的，胆小的”。18A.luckily BcorrectlyCsometimes Dsurprisingly【答案】B本句意“科学家们已经准确地预测了几次地震，如1998年发生在中国张家口的地震”。19A.However BBesidesCThough DInstead【答案】A上下句之间为转折关系。20A.improved BchangedCperfected Dfinished【答案】C本句意“(然而)，不是所有的地震都是可以预测的，预测地震的体系还不完善(perfect)”。.短文改错(2019襄阳模拟)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。To show our love for poor kids lived in earthquakehit areas，our school hold a special activity the other day in our school lecture hall.Its purpose was to making sure those poor kids have a warm winter.All the teachers and students in our school took an actively part in this activity.We gave away 400 pieces of clothes and 200 pairs of shoe altogether.After be sorted，they will be sent to those in the need.I believe what they did will make a great difference to those poor kids.Although we all learn to care for others，the world will be more comfortable to live.【答案】To show our love for poor kids in earthquakehit areas，our school a special activity the other day in our school lecture hall.Its purpose was to sure those poor kids have a warm winter.All the teachers and students in our school took an part in this activity.We gave away 400 pieces of clothes and 200 pairs of altogether.After sorted，they will be sent to those in need.I believe what did will make a great difference to those poor kids. we all learn to care for other