2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课时作业（含解析）新人教版必修5.docx

Unit 1 Great scientists课时作业.阅读理解(2019石家庄模拟D)Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and helps them remember to take their medicine.That is the shared dream of the toy maker Hasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence，Rhode Island.The researchers received a $ 3milliondollar award from the National Science Foundation for a special project.They want to find ways to add artificial intelligence，or AI.，to Hasbros “Joy for All” robotic.The cat has already been for sale for two years.Though priced over 1000 dollars，it sold quite well.It was meant to act as a “companion” for older people.Now the project is aimed at developing additional abilities for the cat.Researchers at Browns HumanityCentered Robotics Initiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most.They hope to make the cat perform a small number of activities very well.Such activities include finding lost objects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor.They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott.Her 93yearold mother Mary Derr lives with her in South Kingstown.Derr has dementia (痴呆)The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this year has become a true companion for Derr.The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Elliott is at work.Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities and how they will communicate.They say that they do not want a talking cat，however.Instead they are trying to design a cat that can move its head in a special way to successfully communicate its message.In the end，they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them.By doing so，the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.【语篇解读】本文介绍新型的人工智能机器猫。机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助，同时机器猫也离不开他们。被需要的感觉是至关重要的。他们甚至可以帮助防止老年人的孤独和悲伤情绪。1Whats the purpose of the project?ATo relieve the pain of the elderly. BTo promote the sales of a medicine.CTo invent a robotic cat for the elderly.DTo help make the robotic cat smarter.【答案】D目的意图题。根据第一段第一句Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and help them remember to take their medicine.项目的目地是帮助机器猫更聪明。故选D。2Compared with the old model，the new robotic cat will be _.AsmallerBCheaperCmore talkative Dmore expensive【答案】B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.可知，与旧模型相比新的机器猫更便宜。故选B。3What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?AThe cat gives much help to the elderly. BThe more functions of the cat，the better.CThere is no cure for dementia at present.DMary Derr would have died without the cat.【答案】A段落大意题。根据第三段最后一句Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.可知，机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助。故选A。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AA talking cat is quite popular among the elderly.BFeelings of sadness among the elderly are unavoidable.CEach family can afford such a cat in the future.DThe feeling of being needed is vital to the elderly.【答案】D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句In the end，they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them.By doing so，the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.可知，被需要的感觉是至关重要的。故选D。B(2019郑州模拟)Great womenWhen it comes to changing the world，these women have invented，researched and collected their way to a place in scientific history.Hedy LamarrMore widely known as a Hollywood star during the 1930s and 1940s，Hedy Lamarr(19142000)was much more than a pretty face.After her home country Austria was taken over by the Nazi，highly intelligent and fearless，Lamarr worked with scientist and inventor George Antheil to develop a secret communication system.Without her work，wireless(无线的)technology as we know it today would not exist.Today she is considered as the mother of WiFi.Ameenah GuribFakimAmeenah GuribFakim was born in 1959 in Mauritius，the country for which she now serves as the first woman president.She is a scientist who has spent many hours researching the local plants of Mauritius and their values as medicine.She has held many high positions in the fields of both politics and science and was awarded(授予)the 2007 UNESCO Award for Women in Science.Mae CJemisonOn June 4,1987，Mae CJemison became the first AfricanAmerican woman to enter the space program.On September 12,1992，she joined several other astronauts on the Endeavour，becoming the first AfricanAmerican woman in space.Born in Decatur，Alabama in 1956 and raised mostly in Chicago，Jemison holds many awards and degrees.As a child，Jemison spent a lot of time in her school library ，reading especially books space.【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了在科学发展史上有突出成就的几位女性及其贡献。5Which of the following did Hedy Lamarr achieve?AIntroducing WiFi for the first time. BCodeveloping a communication system.CKeeping her country from being taken over.DPlaying a key role in Internet development.【答案】B细节理解题。根据Hedy Lamarr中Lamarr worked with scientist and inventor George Antheil to develop a secret communication system.Without her work，wireless technology as we know it today would not exist.Today she is considered as the mother of WiFi.可知Lamarr在通讯系统无线技术方面做出了很大贡献，故选B。6Why has Ameenah GuribFakim spent much time studying plants?ATo protect the environment. BTo draw Public attention to themCTo learn about their medical values. DTo help her people start business.【答案】C细节理解题。根据Ameenah GuribFakim中She is a scientist who has spent many hours researching the local plants of Mauritius and their values as medicine.可知Ameenah GuribFakim花费大量时间研究植物是为了研究植物的药用价值，故选C。7It can be inferred that when Mae CJemison was young，she _.Ashowed great interest in space Bwas encouraged by an astronautCfailed to receive a good education Dwanted to become the first astronaut【答案】A细节理解题。根据Mae CJemison中As a child，Jemison spent a lot of time in her school library ，reading especially books space.可知Jemison小时候就喜欢有关太空的书籍，对太空感兴趣。故选A。.阅读七选五(2019湖南省三湘名校教育联盟模拟)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A memorable science projectIf someone tells you to remember a phone number or address，it feels like an easy task at first.You repeat the numbers to yourself，either aloud or in your mind.But after just a few seconds you might find yourself starting to doubt your own memory._1_ Thus，it will try to throw away information that seems old or irrelevant.There are ways of helping our minds retain (记住) information，however，and in this activity you will explore ways that we lose and keep memories.Shortterm，or working memory，is a way of describing most peoples abilities to store a small amount of information for a brief period of time in a readily accessible form._2_ People dont have to stop and think to remember something in short term memory. _3_ Such techniques include visualizing (观察) the information in a surprising way or linking pieces of information together so that one reminds you of the other.In the case of visualizing information，this could be as simple as remembering you parked your car on the fifth floor in the D section by picturing five dogs sitting in your car! _4_ If you need to purchase cereal (谷物)，milk，fruit，cheese and eggs，you could imagine the cereal in a bowl，with milk pouring over it and pieces of fruit on top.Then imagine cracking an egg over everything，and its full of melted cheese! These may seem simple or even silly._5_ In this activity youll test the recall of a few friends or family members，and learn a few tricks for improving memory!AThere are many techniques for improving memory.BOur brain is always seeking new and useful information.CShortterm memory has a short duration but is quickly and easily accessed.DIn addition，linking information could help you remember your grocery list.ERetaining that information over longer periods of time becomes difficult yet.FYour shortterm memory has a limited amount of space to store information.GHowever，they are proved to be good ways for improving memory by scientist.【语篇解读】本文介绍一个值得记忆的科学项目。1【答案】B根据下文：因此，它将试图丢弃那些看起来过时或无关紧要的信息。可知，我们的大脑总是在寻找新的、有用的信息。故选B。2【答案】C根据下文：人们不需要停下来，想在短期记忆中记住一些东西。可知，短期记忆的持续时间很短，但很快就能被访问。故选C。3【答案】A根据下文：这些技术包括以一种令人惊讶的方式可视化信息或将信息链接在一起，目的是让你想起了另一个。可知，有许多提高记忆的技术。故选A。4【答案】D根据下句：如果你需要购买谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和鸡蛋，你可以想象一个碗里的谷物，牛奶倒在上面，上面有水果。可知，此外，链接信息可以帮助你记住你的购物清单。故选D。5【答案】G根据上句：这些看起来很简单，甚至有些愚蠢。所以下句应该是一句与上句转折的内容，“然而，事实证明，它们是科学家提高记忆力的好方法。”故选G。此处However表示转折；G项中的they指上文的These方法。.语法填空(2019甘肃省部分普通高中第一次联考)The truth _1_ trees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food，wood and most _2_(important)，oxygen.Now there is one more thing we can add to this listblocking out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery _3_(make)by a team _4_(consist)of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)and high school students _5_ were seeking a natural water filterone that would help communtities in developing countries that do not have _6_(accessible)to modern water filter systems.The _7_(research)，led by Professor Rohit Karnik，decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liouid to flow through，while blocking out air bubbles.They began by cutting 1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people related then tested the woods filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through._8_ their amazement，they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles._9_(encourage)，the team conducted _10_experiment，this time with water that contained bacteria.Sure enough，the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria，allowing only 1% to flow through.【语篇解读】树木作用巨大。最新研究表明，它们能去除水中的细菌。1【答案】命题立意：考查同位语从句。that此处是同位语从句，又因为从句中不缺少成分，故选用从属连词that。2【答案】命题立意：考查形容词和副词的转换。importantly此处most importantly是在修饰谓语动词provide，故用副词。句意为“他们为我们提供了食物和木头，更重要的是提供了氧气”。3【答案】命题立意：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。was made此处指上文中的新发现是由一个被几个科学家组成的队伍做出的，the discovery和make之间被动关系，故用被动语态。由本句话可知，用一般过去时。4【答案】命题立意：考查非谓语动词。consisting此处是现在分词短语“consisting of scientists”作后置定语，修饰team。因为被修饰词team和consist之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词。5【答案】命题立意：考查定语从句。who/that分析句子可知此处为who/that引导的定语从句，因为先行词是students，并且students在后面的定语从句中充当主语，故用who/that。6【答案】命题立意：考查形容词和名词的转换。accesshave access to，意思为“使用，接近，可以利用”，是固定搭配。7【答案】命题立意：考查动词和名词的转换。researchers分析该句结构可知，谓语动词为decided，那么能发出这个动作的主语应该为researchers研究人员，研究者。8【答案】命题立意：考查介词。Toto ones amazement，是固定结构，表示“令某人惊讶的是”。9【答案】命题立意：考查非谓语动词。Encouraed此处为分词作状语，主语team与encourage之间是动宾关系，故选用过去分词“encouraged”。10【答案】命题立意：考查代词。another根据上文可知关于此事做过实验，这次是除了上次以外的另一个实验，故用another，表示“另一个”。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。修改：在错的词下面一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019河北衡水中学测试)Alexander was a military genius or great explorer.But he also had a great ambition.He wanted to rule a country that people could