2020版高考英语一轮复习Book8Unit24Society教案（含解析）北师大版.docx

Unit 24 Society基础知识默写(学生用书333336页)默写(一)1.homelessnessn.无家可归homelessadj.无家可归的2.voluntaryadj.自愿的volunteern.志愿者3.governvt.统治，管理governmentn.政府；管辖governorn.统治者，总督4.burdenn.重担，负担vt.(使)担负5.adjustmentn.调整，调节adjustvt.调整，调节6.mercifuladj.宽大的，仁慈的mercifullyadv.仁慈地mercyn.宽容，仁慈7.abundantadj.大量的abundancen.大量；丰盛8.depositvt.&vi.存储，储蓄9.signaturen.签名signv.签(署)10.accumulatev.积累accumulationn.积累；聚集11.ownershipn.所有权ownern.所有者ownv.拥有12.vacantadj.未住人的，空置的13.diverseadj.各种各样的diversityn.多样性；差异14.bareadj.赤裸的barelyadv.仅仅；几乎不15.chokevi.窒息；噎住16.shrinkvi.(使)收缩，缩小17.virtuen.优点，长处；美德18.feastn.盛宴，宴会19.surplusn.盈余，剩余20.collisionn.碰撞21.comeintobeing形成，存在22.take.seriously认真对待23.aboveall最重要的是；首先24.windsb.up故意惹恼某人(尤指开玩笑)25.tostartwith首先26.showoff炫耀，夸耀27.knockintosb.撞上某人28.cleanup打扫干净29.keepaneyeon密切注视，照看30.Iwouldratheryoudidntmentionthat.我宁愿你没有提到那件事。默写(二)1.resignvt.&vi.辞职2.deletevt.删除deletionn.删除3.electvt.选举，推选electionn.选举；当选4.undertakevt.着手做，从事；承担5.finen.&v.罚款6.sentencen.&vt.判决7.weedn.杂草，野草v.除草8.packetn.小盒9.leaguen.联合会10.ministryn.部ministern.部长；大臣；牧师11.skipvt.跳过12.editionn.版本editvt.编辑；校订editorn.编者13.castvt.&n.投下14.squeezevt.挤15.thirstn.口渴thirstyadj.口渴的16.containern.容器containvt.包含；装有；容纳17.abolishvt.废除18.consequentlyadv.所以，因此consequentadj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequencen.结果；后果；重要性19.spiritualadj.宗教的，教会的；精神的spiritn.精神spirituallyadv.精神上20.suckvt.含在嘴里吮食21.turningpoint转折点22.breakinto闯入23.doawaywith废除，消除24.onprinciple根据原则25.sentencesb.todeath判某人死刑26.oaccount把考虑在内27.contributeto促进，有助于28.playanimportantrolein.在中起重要作用29.Whatifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs?如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢？30.Whatisevenmoreunbelievableisthefactthatsomemurderersareletoutofprisonafterthreeorfouryears.更令人难以置信的是一些凶手三、四年后被从监狱里释放出来这一事实。基础知识夯实.语境填词1.Themanagerwasforcedtoresign(辞职) fromthecompany.2.Itsreportedthatthiscompanywillundertake(承担) theconstructionofthenewsubway.3.Jackwassentenced(判刑) tosixmonthsinprisonbecauseoffamilyviolence.4.Thegovernment(govern) encouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewaterquality.(2018全国)5.Theaccumulation(accumulate) ofdataforhispapercosthimmanysleeplessnights.6.Toadjustherselftothestudyabroad，shehadtomakesomenecessaryadjustmentstoherhabits.(adjustment)7.Hegaveupsmokingatlast.Consequently(consequence)，hishealthimprovedgradually.8.Theliberalartsinhighereducationhelpenrichstudentsspiritual(spirit) life.9.ManyofusloveJulybecauseitsthemonthwhennaturesberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance(abundant).(2018全国)10.Ourshopsellsawidediversity (diverse) ofgiftsfromtoystoflowers.11.Burdened(burden) withheavytaxes，peoplehadtostruggletomaketheirendsmeetinoldtimes.12.Thegirlwasmerciful(mercy) andsheneverhurtthelittleanimals.13.Ifhesaysthatagain，Illkillhimwithmybare(barely) hands!14.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteer(voluntary) intheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.(2018北京)15.Thewasteincludesbags，bottlesandcontainers(容器)plasticproductsofallkinds.选词成篇Severaldaysago，thepolice1.keptaneyeonthreethieveswhohad2.brokenintoabank.3.Tostartwith，they4.tookitseriouslyandcameupwithagoodplan.Theyarrestedthethieveswithoutanydifficulty.Finallythethieves5.weresentencedtothreeyearsinprison.Myfatherusedtoaskmyyoungersisterto6.showoffhersinginganddancinginfrontofhisfriendsandrelatives.Butinmyview，hedidnt7.takemysistersfeelingsintoaccount，becauseIfoundsometimesshediditunwillingly.SoIadvisedthatmyfathershould8.doawaywiththisbehavior.Asweallknow，parentsrespect9.playsanimportantroleinthechildrensgrowth，which10.contributestotheirhealthypsychology.完成句子1.Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus，butitisherchoice，andsheisnotachildanylonger.(wouldrather)我们宁愿让女儿和我们在一起待在家里，但这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。2.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouwerentthatinterestedin？(whatif.)(2018天津)如果他们长时间谈论你不感兴趣的一幅油画你该怎么办呢？3.WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthepast.(what引导的主语从句)(2017全国)我看到的和我过去所经历的任何事完全不一样。4.IrememberImadeitquitecleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming.(make宾语宾补)我记得我向你清楚地表示过我不会来。5.Itshightimethatweshouldtakemeasures/tookmeasurestopreservethenaturalresources.到了我们采取措施保护自然资源的时候了。1.由shrink想到的动词(1)extend延伸；伸出(2)increase增加(3)enlarge扩大；放大(4)expand扩大；膨胀(5)decrease减少(6)reduce减少2.“此外”过渡词集锦(1)moreover再者，此外(2)furthermore此外，而且(3)besides此外，而且(4)inaddition此外(5)whatsmore更重要的是；此外3.virtue的相关名词(1)optimism乐观(2)faith忠诚(3)modesty谦虚(4)bravery勇敢，勇气(5)justice正义(6)generosity慷慨4.do短语集汇(1)doawaywith废除，消除(2)dowith处理；对付(3)dosb.afavor帮助某人(4)doonesbest尽力(5)doonesduty尽职责(6)dowellin学得不错，干得漂亮5.“onn.”短语大全(1)onprinciple根据原则(2)onshow在展出(3)onbusiness出差(4)onholiday正在度假(5)onstrike正在罢工6.聚焦“eye”短语(1)keepaneyeon注意，留意(2)haveagoodeyefor对有鉴赏眼光(3)heeye直视(正视)某人(4)catchoneseye引起某人的注意voluntaryadj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的(1)on a voluntary basis在自愿的基础上(2)volunteer n.志愿者v.自愿(做)volunteer for.自愿参加volunteer to do.自愿做volunteer as/to be.志愿当(1)Wheredothevolunteersgettrainingbeforetakingontheirvoluntarywork？(volunteer)(2)Whydoyouwanttovolunteerforourorganization?(3)Theyoungmanvolunteeredtostop(stop) thedrunkenmanfromfighting.abundantadj.大量的；丰盛的；充裕的(1)be abundant in很丰富；富含(2)abundance n.丰富；充裕in abundance大量(地)；丰富(地)an abundance of丰富的(1)Wildflowersgrowinabundance(大量) onthehillsides.(2)Weallhavetomakedecisionsallthetime，andwehaveanabundanceof(大量的；丰富的) choices，rangingfromtinyissuestovitalones.(2019广东中山一中模拟)(3)Thecountryisabundantin(富含) naturalresources.burdenvt.装载；使负担n.C担子；重负；负荷(1)burden sb./oneself with sth.使某人(自己)负担某事be burdened with sth.负担(2)lay a burden on sb.给某人增加负担(1)Idontwanttolayaburdenonyou(给你增加负担).句式升级(2)Shewasburdenedwithfivechildren，soshehadtoworkdayandnight.Sheburdenedherselfwithfivechildrenandshehadtoworkdayandnight.(用burden.with.改写)Burdenedwithfivechildren，shehadtoworkdayandnight.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)resignvt.&vi.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任；顺从(1)resign from.辞去职务resign as.辞去当的职务resign oneself to (doing) sth.听任/顺从(做)某事(2)resignation n.辞职；辞职信(1)MrMorganhasofferedhisresignation(resign) andithasbeenaccepted.摩根先生已经递交了辞呈，并已获准。(2)MrSmithresignedfromtheunionlastyear.史密斯先生去年辞去了工会的职务。(3)Inordertolookafterhersickmother，Marydecidedtoresignherpositionasamanagerinthecompany.为了照顾生病的母亲，玛丽决定辞去公司经理一职。(4)Youmustresignyourselvestowaitingabitlonger.你们一定要耐心多等一会儿。electv.选举，推选；选择；决定(做某事)(1)elect sb.as.选举某人担任elect sb.to.选举某人进入elect to do sth.选择/决定做某事(2)election n.选举；当选；选择权(1)InAmerica，presidentialelections(elect) areheldeveryfouryears.(2)Employeesmayelecttotake(take) theirpensionsinmonthlypaymentsorassinglelumpsum.(3)ShebecamethefirstblackwomantobeelectedtotheSenate.易错点拨若所涉及的职位只有一个(即独一无二)，则其前面通常不用冠词。undertakevt.着手做；从事；承担；许诺，答应；试图undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do着手做；答应做undertake that.答应(1)Theprojectundertaken(undertake) bytheyoungengineerturnedouttobeverysuccessful.(2)同义句改写Heundertakestostudy(study) hardfromnowon.Heundertakesthathewillstudyhardfromnowon.finen.罚款v.处(某人)以罚金adj.合适的；令人愉快的；(天气)晴朗的；好的；漂亮的；健康的adv.(口语)很；很好写出下列句子中fine的汉语意思(1)Thefineweatherisfavorableforoutdoorsports.晴朗的(2)Wehadafinetimeatthepartylastnight.令人愉快的(3)Yes，wearegettingalongfine.很好(4)Thereisafinefordrivingtoofast.罚款(5)Thejudgefinedher25dollarsforhermistake.处以罚金(6)Heisnotfeelingfinetoday.健康的sentencen.判决，宣判；句子；命题vt.判决，宣判(1)serve a sentence服刑pass sentence on sb.对某人判刑(2)sentence sb.to sth.给某人判刑；宣判某人罪be sentenced to.被判刑(1)Hewasreleasedfromprisonafterservingasentenceoffiveyears.他在服刑五年后被从监狱中释放出来。(2)Sanchezwassentencedtothreeyearsinprisonforhispartinthecrime.桑切兹因参与犯罪被判处三年徒刑。come into being/existence形成；开始存在；产生come into power上台；执政come into use开始使用come into service投入使用come into fashion开始流行,come into force/effect开始生效come into sight/view进入视野用“come into名词”完成句子(1)Thenewlawwillcomeintoforce/effect(将生效) nextmonth.(2)Thebighotelhascomeintouse/service(已经投入使用).(3)Perhapsitistruethatnobodyintheworldknowsexactlyhowtheearthcameintobeing/existence(形成).(4)Thisgovernmentcameintopower(上台) atthelastelection.易错点拨“come into名词”有时表示“进入某种状态；开始”之意。(1)show.out领出去show.in领进来show sb.around/round领某人参观show up出席；到场；使显露(2)(be) on show在展出根据语境用show短语的正确形式填空(1)Mikewastryingtoshowoffhistalentbydecoratingthekitchenwallwithhiscolourpencils.(2)Sheshowedmearound/roundherfactoryandintroducedmetoeverybody.(3)AllthecollectionswillbeonshowfromJune16to18inthegym.(4)Afewhundredpeopleshowedup，aswellassometelevisioncameramenandreporters.(5)Ourguestssaidgoodbyetousandweshowedthemout.knock on/at the door敲门knock down击倒；撞倒；拆(屋)；拆卸(机器)knock(.) off敲掉；击倒；扣除；停工；下班knock.out (of.)把(从)敲出knock over撞倒；打翻根据语境用knock短语的正确形式填空(1)Theseoldbuildingswillsoonerorlaterbeknockeddown.(2)Whynotknockon/atthedoorbeforeyoucomein?(3)Lostinthought，healmostknockedintoamanwhocarriedaheavybox.(4)Jacksfatherwasknockedover/downbyacar.(5)Ifyoubuymorethanten，theywillknock20penceofftheprice.have an eye for对有鉴赏力/识别力catch ones eye引起某人的注意in the eyes of sb./in ones eyes在某人看来look sb.in the eye直视某人(1)Couldyoudomeafavorandkeepaneyeon/keepyoureyesonmyluggage?你能帮我看一下行李吗？(2)Allthepolicedogstrainedhaveaneyefordrugs.所有受过训练的警犬都有识别毒品的能力。(3)Inhiseyes/IntheeyesofhimIamstillachild.在他眼里，我还是个孩子。(4)Canyoulookmeintheeyeandtellmeyourenotlying?你能双眼直视着我并告诉我你没有说谎吗？Id rather you didnt mention that.我宁愿你没有提到那件事。句型：would rather sb.did/had done sth.(1)would rather后跟宾语从句，其谓语用虚拟语气：表示一个现在或将来的愿望，谓语用一般过去时；表示一个过去的愿望，谓语用过去完成时。(2)would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事(3)宁愿做A也不愿做B(4)rather than宁可也不；而不是；与其倒不如，用于连接两个并列成分。(1)Iwouldratheryoucame(come) withus.我倒愿意你和我们一起来。(2)Iwouldratheryouhadnttold(tell) himthenewsthatday.我真希望你那天没把那个消息告诉他。(3)Iprefertostayathomeratherthango(go) therealone.我宁愿待在家里也不愿一个人去那里。(4)Iwouldratherbe(be) inprison！我宁愿坐牢！(5)同义句改写IdohopethatIhaventdonethat.IwouldratherIhadntdonethat.What if some married people have affairs？如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢？句型：What if.？What if.？“如果将会怎样？；即使又有什么关系？”为省略结构，相当于“What shall we/I do if.？”。what if中what可看作是what should sb.do或what does it matter或what would happen的省略。what if用于提出假设时，其后的句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或should动词原形)。What for？为何目的，为何理由？So what？那又怎么样？How come.？怎么会这样？What/How about.？怎么样？Guess what？你猜怎么着？(1)SinceshespentfiveyearsinParis，howcomeherFrenchissobad?既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这么糟糕？(2)Heisfifteenyearsyoungerthanyou!Sowhat?他比你小十五岁呢！那又怎么样？同义句改写(3)IfIfallsickandcantwork，whatshallIdo?WhatifIfallsickandcantwork?(4)Whatdoesitmatterifhehasmuchmoney?Whatifhehasmuchmoney?.单句语法填空1.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.(2017浙江)2.Wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined(fine).(2017全国)3.Itisbadmannerstoshowoffyourknowledgeandclevernessinpublic.4.Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecouldmakehimselfheard(hear).5.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.(2018天津)6.Hisparentswereveryannoyedtohearthatheresignedfromthecompany.7.Whatifitrainedandthenfrozeallthroughthosemonths?8.Afteralongwalk，wewerehungryandthirsty(thirst).9.Thebosshasundertakentopay(pay) themoneybackinayear.10.Whatashame! Suchabeautifulplacewassoseriously(serious) polluted.11.Thelittlegirlwouldratherwalk(walk) homefromschooleveryafternoon.12.Itshightimethatyoustarted/shouldstart(start) working.13.Inthelatestelection，MarywaselectedchairwomanoftheStudentUnion.(elect)14.Sheusedtoeditnewspapers，andnowsheistheeditorofadictionarywhichisnowinitssixthedition.(edition)15.Ifyouaretotravelabroad，youdbetterunderstandtheculturaldiversity(diverse).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.tofiveyearsinprison，themanmissedagoodchancetogetajob.2.Thecitizensdemandedthatthenightclubmovedtoasaferplace.3.Idontknowwhentheunionwehavebeenlookingforwardtowillbecomeintobeing.4.Burdenedsuchalargefamily，hehadtoworkhardalldaylong.5.Wehadtobreakthehousebecausewehadlostthekey.6.Jackhasjustboughtanothernewcar；hemustbeveryoff.7.Newtechnologieshavemadepossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.8.Withherelectedthecommittee，wearemoreconfident.9.WewouldratherdiethantoapologizetoHelen.10.Manywayscancontributetothisproblem，butthefollowingonemaybethemosteffective.11.Itstimethatthefactoryactiontodealwithwaterpollution.12.AtthefeastofNewYearsEvethereisanabundancefoodanddrinks.教材与语法填空Inmodernsociety,1.trapped(trap) inaspendingcircle，mostofusworkhardtoearnmoremoneyand2.whenwehavemoremoney，wespendmore，sowehavetoworkevenharder.Butthemoremoneyweearn，the3.less(little) oftenweseeit.Inthespendingcircle，weaccumulate4.possessions(possess) andworktowardstheownershipofbiggerandbetterhouses.Asaresult，whatwegetisnot5.increased(increase) happiness，6.butstressandlessfreetimetobeourselvesandenjoybeingwithourfriendsandfamilies.Thereisagrowingresistancetothisconsumersociety，foritis7.especially(especial) affectingtheyouthoftodaywiththeirmodernequipment.Tradeunionsdemandthatpeoplesharework8.toreduce(reduce) unemployment.Weshouldtrytocontroladvertising，especiallyadvertising9.whichisaimedatchildren.Youngpeopleshouldbetaughttousetheirfreetimeinaproperway.Weshouldrememberthat“being”and“doing”10.are(be) muchmoreimportantthan“having”.教材与短文改错EveryyearthousandstouristsflocktoChinatovisitsomeplacesofinterest.Inoursurprise，itisoftenthehutongsthatleavesthestrongestimpression，astheyoffertravelersarareviewintoChinaspast.Beijingshutongs，themajorityofwhicharebuiltbetweenthe13thand19thcenturies，areparticularfamous.Inthepast，hutongsmadetherulerseasytokeepaneyeonpeoplesmovement.Butinfact，notonlytheyconnectthehomesbutalsotheyconnectedpeopleslives.HutongsarestillanimportantpartofBeijinglifeanditsnotsurprisedthattouristslovethehutongsbecauseoftheyshowthatBeijingistrulyanancientyetmoderncity.答案EveryyearthousandstouristsflocktoChinatovisitsomeplacesofinterest.oursurprise，itisoftenthehutongsthatthestrongestimpression，astheyoffertravelersarareviewintoChinaspast.Beijingshutongs，themajorityofwhichbuiltbetweenthe13thand19thcenturies，arefamous.Inthepast，hutongsmadetherulerstokeepaneyeonpeoples.Butinfact，notonlytheyconnectthehomesbutalsotheyconnectedpeopleslives.HutongsarestillanimportantpartofBeijinglifeanditsnotthattouristslovethehutongsbecauseoftheyshowthatBeijingistrulyanancientyetmoderncity.教材与微写作写作素材(关于个人发展)1.为了减轻家庭负担，张力自愿承担了最艰苦的工作。(不定式作状语)2.此外，他在工作中还积累了丰富的经验。3.他坚持认为，员工在公司发展中起着重要作用。(把2、3句合成含有非谓语动词作状语的复合句)4.因此，当职位出现空缺，公司将把一切考虑在内，推选他为公司副总。连句成篇根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文1.Torelieve/reducetheburdenofthefamily，ZhangLi2.volunteeredtoundertakethetoughesttask.3.Moreover，heaccumulatedabundantexperienceinhiswork,4.insistingthatitwasthestaffthatplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofthecompany.5.Consequently，whentherewas6.avacantpost，thecompany7.tookallthingsintoaccountand8.electedhimvice-presidentofthecompany.阅读理解话题：个人情况难度星级：Manyoftheworldsmostsuccessfulpeoplewereoncefailures.Herearethestoriesofafewofthem.AbrahamLincoln (18091865)AbrahamLincolnwasoneofAmericasgreatestleaders，takingthecountrythroughtheCivilWar (from1861to1865).However，hislifewasnevereasy.Hestartednumerousbusinessesthatfailed，hewentbankrupttwice，andwasdefeatedin26campaignsforpublicoffice.Helatersaid，“Mygreatconcernisnotwhetheryouhavefailed，butwhetheryouarecontentwithyourfailure.”VincentVanGogh (18531890)VanGoghisoneofthemostfamousandinfluentialpaintersinthehistoryofWesternArt.HesrenownedforpaintingssuchasTheStarryNight，ThePotatoEatersandSunflowers.However，duringhislifetime，VanGoghsoldonlyonepaintingforaverysmallamountofmoney.Despitethis，hecarriedonpainting，somethingevengoingwithoutfoodsohecouldcompletehiscollectionofover800knownworks.AlbertEinstein (18791955)AlbertEinsteinwontheNoblePrizeinPhysicsin1921.However，hewasntalwaysconsidereda“genius”.Hedidntspeakuntilhewasfour，andcouldntreaduntilhewasseven.Histeachersandparentsthoughthewasslow，sohewasexpelledfromschoolandcouldntgetintotheZurichPolytechnicSchool.Helaterfamouslysaid，“Successisfailureinprogress.”StephenKing (born1947)StephenKingisoneofthebest-sellingauthorsofalltime，buthisfirstbook，Carrie，wasrejectedbyabout30publishers.Eventually，Stephenthrewitinthebin，buthiswifefisheditoutandencouragedhimtoresubmitit，whichhedid.successfullythistime!语篇解读世界上有许多人在成功之前都遭遇了失败，本文就为我们列举了几位著名人物的相关事例。1.WhichstatementisTRUEaboutAbrahamLincoln?A.HeledtheAmericanWarofIndependence.B.Heneversucceededinhisbusiness.C.Hewasfullofcourageandperseverance.D.HeisthegreatestpresidentoftheUnitedStates.答案C解析推理判断题。由AbrahamLincoln部分的最后一句“Helatersaid，Mygreatconcernisnotwhetheryouhavefailed，butwhetheryouarecontentwithyourfailure.”可推断出，虽然历经失败，但亚伯拉罕林肯仍充满勇气并坚持不懈，故选C。2.Whobecamefamousallovertheworldafterhisdeath?A.AbrahamLincoln.B.VincentVanGogh.C.AlbertEinstein.D.StephenKing.答案B解析推理判断题。由VincentVanGogh部分的第三句“However，duringhislifetime，VanGoghsoldonlyonepaintingforaverysmallamountofmoney.”可推断出梵高是在去世之后，才闻名于全世界的，故选B。3.WhatwasthemostlikelyreasonforAlbertEinsteinsdroppingoutofschool?A.Hewastooslowtolearn.B.Hecouldntspeakorread.C.Histeacherthoughthewasstupid.D.Hedidntobeytheschoolrules.答案C解析推理判断题。由AlbertEinstein部分的第四句“Histeachersandparentsthoughthewasslow，sohewasexpelledfromschoolandcouldntgetintotheZurichPolytechnicSchool.”可推断出爱因斯坦被退学，最可能的原因就是老师认为他很笨，slow在此处意为“迟钝的，笨的”，故选C。4.Whatdothesepeoplehaveincommon?A.TheyareallAmericans.B.Theyareknownfortheirwritings.C.Theywereborninthesamecentury.D.Theyallsufferedfailurebeforetheysucceeded.答案D解析推理判断题。由文章第一段“Manyoftheworldsmostsuccessfulpeoplewereoncefailures.Herearethestoriesofafewoft