初中语法系列被动语态.ppt

被动语态,语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。,英语语态,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are + done,was/were + done,am/is/are being + done,was/were being + done,shall/will be + done,would be + done,have/has been + done,had been + done,情态动词的被动语态结构是必须背下来的。 结构为 ： 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 The basket can be carried by him.,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by“被” (若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。,主动语态,被动语态,主变被解题步骤:,1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.,are were,3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.,4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 宾语.,by them.,Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom.,Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom.,He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him.,4Aby can take good care of Tina ,Tina can be taken good care of by Aby. 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,介词一定不能丢掉！,He can carry the basket easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 4.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,使让动词的被动语态后面要接to do. 即：make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,was asked,is done,7.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 8.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,在被动语态中要注意的问题,在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面 我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。 一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要 补上to。如： The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动),使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,把下列句子改为被动语态 His mother made him wash his own clothes at the age of 10. He was made to wash his own clothes by his mother at the age of 10.,1.被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。 He has thought of a way of solving the problem.,What happened ? (对） What was happened ? （错）,A way of solving the problem has been thought of.,2.happen/ take place/ arrive/ become/ die等 不及物动词没有被动语态,3.带双宾语的动词give /send/bring/ take/teach/show/ tell/ make/ sing/ write/ sell/buy/ ask/ pay/ borrow/ lend变被动语态有两种方法：,（2）=The book has been given to him.,（1）=He has been given the book.,I have given him the book.,表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。,5) 表示状态特征的连系动词+adj,用主动式表被动义。 (look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,.) The steel feels cold This kind of cloth feels soft. That dog looks dangerous.,表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义,6) 表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义。 (read,write,set,sell,wash, clean, wear, open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,.) The pen writes smoothly The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly. The book sells well. This shirt will wear very long. The floor doesnt clean easily. This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.,带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个：,give, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, send等带双宾语 的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习 惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词to或for. give sth to sb=give sb sth buy sth for sb=buy sb sth sell sth to sb=sell sb sth take sth to sb=take sb sth bring sth to sb=bring sb sth make sth for sb=make sb sth hand sth to sb=hand sb sth pass sth to sb=pass sb sth keep sth for sb=keep sb sth send sth to sb=send sb sth 例： He passed me some paper.(主动) Some paper was passed to me by him.（被动） You must keep some fruit for him.(主动) Some fruit must be kept for him.（被动）,Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice. 1、Tea _ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese _ (speak) in China. 3、The bed _ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _ (clean) every day. 5、The cars _ (make) in Beijing.,is grown,is spoken,is used,is cleaned,are made,归纳总结方法