上海市奉贤区2019届高三英语二模试题（含解析）.docx

上海市奉贤区2019届高三英语二模试题（含解析）考生注意1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. In an office.C. At a police station.D. Ata travel agency.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W: Thanks for meeting me. Mr. Hawker.M: Nice to see you. Do we need to stop at the baggage claim area?Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。2.A. Down jackets are now on sale.B. She cant wait for the winter to arrive.C. Its hard to know how severe the winter will be.D. She needs a warm jacket.【答案】D【解析】【分析】M: The forecast says there will be a severe winter. Are you prepared?W: Hardly. Im waiting for the next sale to get a down jacket.Q: What does the woman imply?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。3.A. Learning to drive.B. Buying the insurance.C. Buying a car.D. Taking a plane.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W: Take a seat inside and see how you feel. So will you take the Porsche then, sir?M: Let me check first. The engine, wheel and the rear mirror. Yes, and I want to buy the insurance, too.Q: What is the man probably doing?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。4.A. Eric wont eat vegetable without meat.B. Eric likes both vegetable and meat.C. Some meat will solve Erics problem.D. Eric is short of vegetable.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M: Erics problem is that he doesnt cat enough vegetable.W: Yeah, he refuses to eat vegetable unless there is some meat.O: What does the woman mean?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。5.A. He is invasive.B. He is heroic.C. He is life-threatening.D. He is awkward.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: Victor is really something, He nearly got killed when he tried to rescue a drowning boy yesterday.W: Well, so far as I know, that was not the first dangerous situation he was in for others.Q: What kind of person is Victor according to the conversation?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。6.A. Reviews of the comedy are negative.B. The reaction to the comedy is varied.C. The review of the newspaper is one-sided.D. Media are prejudiced against the comedy.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: I hear that the newspaper gave that comedy a terrible review.W: It depends on which newspaper you read.Q: What does the woman mean?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。7.A. Deliver the package in person.B. Pick up the package at the post office.C. Ask to have the package delivered to his home.D. Find out the opening hours of the post office.【答案】C【解析】【分析】M: I wish I didnt have to make a special trip to the post office to get my package.W: Well, if you call them in the morning, theyll give the package to your mail carrier to bring out to you.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。8.A. It hasnt been graded.B. It received a low grade.C. The committee is discussing it.D. The woman hasnt handed it in.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W: Professor, have you graded my term paper yet?M: To tell you the truth, Ive been tied up in committee meetings all week.Q: What can be learned about the womans paper?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。9.A. He has been to Seattle many times.B. He has chaired a lot of conferences.C. He holds a high position in his company.D. He lived in Seattle for many years.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W: David said that Seattle is a great place for conferences.M: He certainly has the authority to make that comment. Hes been there so often.O: What does the man say about David?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。10.A. It is too late for the man to go to the theatre.B. People have already been standing in line for two hours.C. The man must wait for two hours to buy the ticket.D. The man can buy a special ticket before the drama starts.【答案】D【解析】【分析】M: Do you have a seat for the drama tomorrow?W: No more ordinary seats, but we will sell tickets reserved for honored guests two hours before the performance.Q: What can we know from the conversation?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage11. A. They are gardeners.B. They sell vegetables.C. They run a guesthouse.D. They are scientists.12. A. Five hours.B. Eight hours.C. Twelve hours.D. Fourteen hours.13. A. They have deeper roots.B. They dont need sunshine.C. They have wider leaves.D. They have bigger Flowers.【答案】11. C 12. A 13. C【解析】Hello, everyone. Welcome back to the program. We all know plants need sunshine to grow. But actually. not all vegetables need lots of sunshine. Mark Hoffman and his wife own a guesthouse in Kempton, Illinois. They often serve their guests fresh vegetables from their garden. For almost ten years, the Hoffmans have been experimenting with shade plantings. Curious visitors often ask how they do it. Here is the answer: they grow tomatoes near the trees that produce a lot of shade. Tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct sunshine, especially morning sun. This goes against the traditional advice that tomatoes need eight, even twelve hours a day of full sun. In fact, plants and tree roots can share something in common. Besides tomatoes, the Hoffimans grow Irish potatoes. Plants with wider leaves seem to do better in shady environments. The potatoes grow better in the shade than in full sun.Questions:What do the Hoffmans do for a living?How much direct sunshine do tomato plants actually need every day?Why do Irish potatoes grow better in shade?【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【12题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【13题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。Questions are based on the following passage14. A. It is produced in small quantities.B. It is sold at a lower price.C. It is served mainly in McDonalds.D. It is grown from cows alone.15. A. The land and the water system have been polluted seriously.B. Not enough meat has been produced to meet peoples needs.C. Much land has been used up for animals and their food.D. It has consumed fewer and fewer natural resources.16. A. Steaks and hamburgers.B. Animal nights.C. The food crisis in the future.D. Lab-grown meat.【答案】14. B 15. C 16. D【解析】According to scientists in the Netherlands, the steaks and hamburgers of the future could be made not from the flesh of cows but from artificial meat created in a laboratoryDr. Mark Post from the University of Maastricht has already grown a small strip of artificial beef. about the size of a sticking plaster, using cells from a cow, and expects to have a whole artificial hamburger ready to eat in October. By then, so much time and money will have gone into the project that the burger would cost rather more than you d expect to pay in your local McDonalds at least $300000 in fact.The scientists hope it will eventually be possible to produce artificial meat in huge quantities, and much more cheaply, from the cells of only a small number of animals. If they are successful. a single cow could theoretically produce a million times beef than it does at present.The environmental benefits could be enormous. Worldwide meat production uses up a huge amount of land (not just for farm animals to live on but also to produce the food they eat), and by 2050. when the global population might have risen to nine billion, it will probably be impossible for people to eat as much meat on average as we do now- unless, that is, a way is found to produce it using far fewer natural resources.Lab-grown meat is also an attractive prospect for anyone interested in animal rights, offering the possibility of a world in which fewer animals are raised for slaughter.Questions:According to the passage, what do the scientists hope to achieve about artificial meat?According to the passage, what is the result of the present worldwide meat production?What does the passage mainly talk about?【14题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【15题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【16题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。Questions are based on the following passage17. A. He is an Englishman living in Sweden.B. He prefers hot weather to cold weather.C. He visits London nearly every winter.D. He likes Sweden better than England.18. A. The long night.B. The bad weather.C. The gloomy winter.D. The cold houses.19. A. Delightful.B. Refreshing.C. Painful.D. Frustrating.20. A. They work hard and play hard.B. They often stay up late reading.C. They like to go camping in summer.D. They try to earn more and spend more.【答案】17. A 18. D 19. D 20. A【解析】M: When I live in Sweden, people always want to know about the seasons.W: The seasons?M: Yeah, you know how cold it is in winter? What is it like when the days are so short?W: So what is it like?M: Well, it is cold, very cold in winter. Sometimes it is as cold as 26 degrees below centigrade. And of course when you go out, youll wrap up warn. But in the houses its always very warm, much warmer than at home. Swedish people always complain that when they visit England, the houses are cold even in a good winter.W: And what about the darkness?M: Well, yeah, around Christmas time theres only one hour of daylight, so you really look forward to the spring. It is sometimes a bit depressing. But, you see. the summers are amazing. Form May to July in the North of Sweden, the sun never sets Its still light at midnight. You can walk in the mountains and read a newspaper.W: Oh, yeah, the land of the midnight sun.M: Yeah thats night, but its wonderful. You wanna stay up all night. And the Swedes make the most of it. They often start work earlier in summer and then leave at 2:00 or 3: 00 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long summer evenings. Theyd like to work hard, but play hard too. I think Londoners work longer hours, but Im not sure whether this is a good thing.Questions:What do we learn about the man from the conversation?What do Swedish people complain about when they visit England in winter?How does the man describe the short hour of daylight around Christmas in Swede?What does the man say about the Swedish people?【17题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【18题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【19题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【20题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Make the Most of Your Lunch HourShould you grab a bite at your desk or eat with your colleagues? That depends on whats on your agenda for the rest of the day.Lunch hours _21_ (get) shorter and shorter and even disappearing in some parts of todays working world. With fewer employees _22_ (ask) to accomplish more in a day many Americans treat lunch not as a break but as just another task to squeeze into an already over-booked day.But do quick meals at the desk actually improve productivity over more leisurely meals?The researchers only studied 32 employees, so the findings are debatable. But when they assigned one group to eat at their desks and another to dine with a colleague at a restaurant, the found those who ate lunch together showed a decline _23_ their performance on tests that measured concentration, memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expressions following lunch than before lunch. Both groups ate the same meals, but those who ate alone were only given 20 minutes to consume their food, _24_ the paired participants were allowed one hour in the restaurant. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive processing as those who ate in the restaurant.What was responsible for the change? There were too many variables at play to determine which had the strongest influence on cognitive control-was it the companionship, or was it the restaurant environment _25_ other diners were present, music was played and the meal was served by wait staff, or was it the longer time to enjoy the meal?_26_ factor was responsible, the group that took: a restaurant lunch break came back more relaxed, say the authors, and that likely affected their cognitive sharpness. Sharing a meal aside the office with a friend appears to have a _27_ (calm) effect, and while it reduces intellectual skills, it may develop social harmony and teamwork, which _28_ be an important feature of some work tasks.But dont feel sorry for the lone lunchers. It turns out _29_ since they were able to maintain their cognitive skills following the meal, they might be in a better position _30_ (think) creatively for projects that require more innovative solutions or approaches.【答案】21. are getting 22. asked 23. in 24. while 25. where 26. Whichever/Whatever 27. calming 28. can/may 29. that 30. to think【解析】本文属于说明文，介绍单独吃午餐和与其他人共进午餐对于上班的人来说影响不同，单独午餐维持一个人的智力水平，而共进午餐则能增加社会和谐和团队精神。【21题详解】考查现在进行时。句意：如今午餐时间越来越短，甚至在一些地方没有了午餐时间。分析句子可知，本句描述当今的午餐时间正在缩短，以及本句and even disappearing可知，用现在进行时，故用are getting。【22题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：员工更少就要求在一天的时间完成更多的事情，美国人已经没有把午餐当作休息，而是另一项任务，努力塞入本已占满的时间表里。本句为with的复合结构，ask与其逻辑主语employee为动宾关系，故用过去分词asked。【23题详解】考查介词。句意：研究发现，那些在一起吃午餐的调查对象，在测量专注度、记忆等方面的测试分数在下降。分析句子可知，本句描述在专注度以及记忆方面的下降，故用in。【24题详解】考查状语从句。句意：独自吃午餐的给了20分钟，而在餐厅成对吃午饭的给了一个小时。根据文章可知，本句讲述对比试验的具体细则，表示对比，故用while。【25题详解】考查定语从句。句意：有很多变量决定了对认知控制的影响，比如陪伴，餐厅是否还有其他的食客，有没有放音乐，服务员在不在一旁，还是吃饭时间更长。分析句子可知，other diners were present为定语从句修饰先行词environment，从句缺乏地点状语，故用关系副词where。【26题详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论是什么因素在起作用，研究团队发现，从餐厅吃饭回来的人更放松。分析前后句，研究人员没有发现具体的原因，但是观察到一个现象，故用Whatever或者Whichever。【27题详解】考查形容词。句意：与朋友在办公室旁边的餐厅吃饭好像有镇定作用，尽管降低智力技能，但是促进了社交和谐和团队精神，这一精神可能是一些工作任务重要的特点。分析句子可知，修饰名词用形容词，故用calming。【28题详解】考查情态动词。句意：与朋友在办公室旁边的餐厅吃饭好像有镇定作用，尽管降低智力技能，但是促进了社交和谐和团队精神，这一精神可能是一些工作任务重要的特点。分析句子可知，有些工作任务可能需要团队精神，表示推测，故用can或者may。【29题详解】考查主语从句。句意：结果是，既然在吃完午饭之后可以维持其智力水平，他们可能在需要创造性思维的工作方面占优势。分析句子可知，本句为it turns out，it作形式主语，从句是真正的主语，从句完整，故用引导词that。【30题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：结果是，既然在吃完午饭之后可以维持其智力水平，他们可能在需要创造性思维的工作方面占优势。分析句子可知，think作position的后置定语，故用不定式，to think。Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Genes That Make You SmarterThe contributions genes make to intelligence increase as children grow older. This goes against the idea most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy (遗产) we are born with and may have _31_ for education.“People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,” says Robert Plomin. “What we found was quite _32_ and goes in the other direction.”Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are _33_ due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomins team gathered data from six separate studies carried out in 4 countries, _34_ a total of 11000 pairs of twins. The researchers tested twins on reasoning, arithmetics etc. to measure a quantity called “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and fraternal twin (异卵双生) sharing about half their genes, making it possible to _35_ the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.Plomins team calculated in childhood, genes account for about 4l percent of the variation in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adolescence, it was 66 percent.No one _36_ knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at handling their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says “kids with high G will use their environment to develop their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded, Children with _37_ to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.”Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability (遗传可能性) doesnt mean that there is nothing you can do about it,” says Susanne Jaeggi, “from our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher _38_ training.”Plomin suggests genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being _39_ to childrens natural abilities. “My tendency would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says.Intelligence researchers Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to _40_ ads towards things drawing out their natural talents.【答案】31. K 32. H 33. G 34. A 35. B 36. I 37. E 38. F 39. D 40. J【解析】本文属于科普文，介绍研究发现，年龄越大，基因对我们的影响就越大，这是与之前的观点相违背的。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：这跟大多数的观点相违背，他们认为年龄增长，环境的影响会逐渐超过我们基因的影响，这可能对教育有启发意义。分析文章可知，本句讲述新的发现观点以及对教育的意义，故选K。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的发现让人非常惊讶，朝着另一个方向前进的。根据文章可知，新的发现与人们固有的认知是相违背的，故选H。【33题详解】考查副词。句意：之前的研究发现，智力的不同部分原因是由于基因。修饰due to用副词，故用partly，故选G。【34题详解】考查介词。句意：Plomin的团队收集了来