商务英语阅读unit-1.ppt

,CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH 世纪商务英语 阅读教程 （专业篇I） 第四版,大连理工大学出版社,UNIT 1 Production and Operation Management,1,Unit Introduction,TEXT A,TEXT B,Words and Expressions,1-1,Unit Introduction,After studying this unit, you will understand what production and operation management is and be able to identify the activities associated with this topic . You can also explain what ISO 9000 is , how ISO 9000 works and why ISO9 000 is important.,1-1,Unit Introduction,Check that you understand the following professional words or expressions. Most of them are common when they are introduced in general English. But they would have particular meanings when they are used to describe production and operation management. Study the list of words，do Task 1, then look up any words you do not know in a good dictionary.,1-1,Unit Introduction,Professional Words & Expressions auditing freight bill facility location shipping auditor target date quality standards modular Implement Gap Analysis Custom-designed certify registry zero-defect international trade registrar warehouse quality control inventory management ISO wholesaler Internal Audit finished product final product,1-1,Unit Introduction,Task 1 The followings are some explanations of the expressions in this unit from an English Dictionary. Before reading the texts in this unit, try to match the words in Column B with the explanations and synonyms in Column A and compare your answers with those of your neighbours.,1. someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells them to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers.,_,P. wholesaler,1-1,Unit Introduction,2. a detailed list of all the items in stock.,_,3. the idea would be to bring everything into readiness.,_,T. target date,4. the rate rises while production cost reduces.,_,F. finished product,1-1,Unit Introduction,5. a storehouse for goods and merchandise.,_,H. warehouse,6. a set of internationally recognized quality management standards.,_,B. ISO,7. concern trade operations of both import and export and include the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.,_,D. international trade,1-1,Unit Introduction,8. tell you exactly what you need to do to meet the ISO 90012000 Quality Management Standard.,_,J. Gap Analysis,9. one that audits accounts.,_,L. auditor,10. the conveyance provided by the ships belonging to one country or industry.,_,N. shipping,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,Pre-reading Text A offers Production and Operation Management (POM) to you, and POM is about the transformation of production and operational inputs into outputs that, when distributed, meet the needs of customers. Reading, the convenient way to get information, is very important for you. However, quite a few students who have formed the faulty reading habits fail to understand the text they read. Normally, your eyes progress in a left-to-right direction to see each word.,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,Occasionally, your eyes will move backward to a word or words already read, instead of moving to the next. This kind of reading method slows your reading speed, interfere with your good concentration and affects your good comprehension. If you are a reader with those bad habits, you should avoid them when you are reading. It is proved that once you change your faulty reading habits, you will improve your reading speed. Now, try to read Text A and then finish the tasks at the end of the text.,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,1 All organizations create products for customers. Thus all organizations have a number of similarities that the activities necessary to create goods and services. It is the role of production and operation management to acquire the necessary resources to create that product, to plan the specific steps through which those resources must pass to become a finished product and to make sure the product the standards of appearance, performance and reliability.,conforms to,翻译,所有的企业都为顾客生产产品。因此，在所有的企业与生产产品和提供服务相联系的必然行为上都有很多相似之处。生产与运作管理的作用就是获取生产产品所必需的资源，计划好如何把这些资源生产成为成品的具体步骤，并且确保产品符合外观、性能和可靠性标准。,conform, 使一致，使遵守,relate to,relate to v. connect, have reference e.g. To what events did your remark relate ? e.g. This paragraph relates to the international situation.,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,The way in which General Motors performs these tasks differs from the way McDonalds or a county hospital performs them. Nonetheless, certain basic steps are similar in all organizations.,markedly,美国通用汽车公司的生产方式显然与麦当劳公司或一家县级医院的运作方式不同。然而，在所有企业里某些基本步骤都是相同的。,markedly 显著地，明显地,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,2 Although all organizations differ to some degree in the way they create products, organizations within an industry perform similar functions in a similar manner.3 It is entirely possible, however, for organizations in unrelated industries to take similar steps in creating products.,尽管所有的企业生产产品的方式在某种程度上不尽相同，但在同一行业里的企业都以相似的方式生产相似的产品。然而，在不相关的行业里，企业也完全有可能采取相似的步骤去生产产品。,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,The checkin procedures used by hotels and commercial airlines are similar4.The way Burger King a hamburger and the way an automobile manufacturer assembles a vehicle are similar (both use automation and an assembly line). Similarities of this are based on something other than the product itself.5,宾馆和商业航空公司使用的办理登记手续是相似的。汉堡王公司制作汉堡包的方式类似于汽车制造商生产汽车（二者都使用了自动化和装配线）。这种相似性是基于别的东西而非产品本身。,sort,sort 种类,assembles,assembles 装配,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,3 The transformation process creates final products by combining the inputs (labor, materials, energy and money) in predetermined ways using different types of equipment, administrative procedures and technology. The transformation process occurs in all types of organizations, the goods or services they offer.,转化过程通过以预定的方式使用不同种类的设备、管理程序和技术，结合投入（劳力、材料、能源和资金），产生了最终产品。这样的转化过程存在于所有类型的企业里，不论他们提供的是什么商品或服务。,regardless of,regardless of: pay no attention to e.g. They began to carry out the plan regardless of the consequences. e.g. We decided to look for the lost child regardless of dangers.,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,The transformation of inputs into outputs (goods and services) is accomplished through the planning of production activities, the of resources, the arrangement of work, and the controlling of product quality.,投入的转化成产出的（商品和服务）过程是通过计划生产活动、积累资源、安排生产和控制产品质量来完成的。,accumulation,accumulation 积累，积聚,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,In short，production and operation management includes materials management, production planning and control, as well as quality control, product design, facility location, facility layout, robotics and computer?assisted design and manufacturing6.,简言之，生产和运行管理包括材料管理、生产计划与控制以及产品设计、设施选址、设施布局、机器人技术和计算机辅助设计与制造。,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,Material management 4 Material management is the development and coordination of the policies, procedures and systems that are used to obtain, distribute and store the materials needed to create a product or service.,材料管理 材料管理是通过制定和协调政策、生产程序和制度来获取、分配和储存生产产品或服务所需要的材料。,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,It includes purchasing (the buying of all the materials needed by the organization), inventory management (keeping track of the organizations resources), traffic management (the selection of a suitable mode of transportation, coordination of arrivals and departures, and auditing of freight bills), and shipping and receiving.,它包括采购（购买公司需要的所有材料）、库存管理（掌握公司的资源）、运输管理（选择合适的运输方式、协调发货和到货事宜和核对运费单）以及装运和接收货物。,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,Production planning and control 5 Production planning and control is determining what products should be produced and by what date they should be completed, and scheduling the specific activities necessary to have the products completed by the target date.,生产计划与控制 生产计划与控制决定生产什么产品、产品完成的日期以及策划预定日期完成产品任务所进行必要的具体活动。,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,Production planning and control includes aggregate planning (developing a demand forecast for a group of products for periods of six months to a year), detailed planning (demand forecasting for only one or two months), and (the initiation of action).,生产计划与控制包括总计划（预测半年至一年期的产品需求）、具体计划（只做一至两个月的产品预测）和派工（开始实施生产）。,dispatching,dispatching 派工,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,Quality control 6 Quality control measuring the quality of products and services against established quality standards. Zero?defect programs aim for 100 percent acceptable output or no defects in the output of an organization.7,质量控制 质量控制系指针对已有的质量标准衡量产品和服务质量。零瑕疵计划的目标就是实现生产百分之百合格的产品，或者说是企业生产的产品没有任何缺陷。,involve v. have as a necessary consequence e.g. To accept the position you offer would involve my living in London. e.g. The war involved a great increase in the national debt.,involves,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,Product design 7 Product design is dependent on what customers want and the organizations technical abilities. Products can be standardized, modular or custom-designed.,产品设计 产品设计取决于顾客的需要和企业的技术能力。可以是标准化设计的产品或定制的产品。,1-2,Comprehensive Reading,翻译,The decision where to locate operation facilities is a one that depends on to the market, availability of raw materials, availability of transportation, availability of power, climatic influences, availability of labor and community characteristics.,关键是在什么地点选择运作的厂址，要取决于是否接近市场，还要取决于原材料、运输、电力、气候影响、劳动力和社区特点等等因素。,crucial,crucial a. decisive, critical e.g. At the crucial moment, police came. e.g. Negotiations were at a crucial stage.,proximity,proximity 接近，挨近,1-2,Notes,翻译,1 It is the role of production and operation management to acquire the necessary resources to create that product, to plan the specific steps through which those resources must pass to become a finished product and to make sure the product conforms to the standards of appearance, performance and reliability.,生产与运作管理的作用就是获取生产产品所必需的资源，计划如何把这些资源生产成为成品的具体步骤，并且确保产品符合外观、性能和可靠性的标准。,1-2,Notes,翻译,2 The way in which General Motors performs these tasks differs markedly from the way McDonalds or a county hospital performs them.,美国通用汽车公司的生产方式显然与麦当劳公司或一家县级医院的运作方式不同。,1-2,Notes,翻译,3 Although all organizations differ to some degree in the way they create products，organizations within an industry perform similar functions in a similar manner.,尽管所有的企业生产产品的方式在某种程度上不尽相同，但在同一行业里的企业都以相似的方式生产相似的产品。,1-2,Notes,翻译,4 The check-in procedures used by hotels and commercial airlines are similar.,宾馆和商业航空公司使用的办理登记手续是相似的。,5 Similarities of this sort are based on something other than the product itself.,翻译,这种相同之处是基于别的一些东西而非产品本身。,1-2,Notes,翻译,6 In short, production and operation management includes materials management, production planning and control, as well as quality control, product design, facility location, facility layout, robotics and computer?assisted design and manufacturing.,简言之，生产和运行管理包括材料管理、生产计划与控制以及质量控制、产品设计、设施选址、设施布局、机器人技术和计算机辅助设计与制造。,1-2,Notes,翻译,7 Zero-defect programs aim for 100 percent acceptable output or no defects in the output of an organization.,零瑕疵计划的目标就是生产百分之百合格的产品，或者说是企业生产的产品没有任何缺陷。,1-2,Notes,翻译,8 Product design is dependent on what customers want and the organizations technical abilities. Products can be standardized, modular or custom?designed.,产品设计取决于顾客的需要和企业的技术能力。可以是标准化的，模块化的或是定制式的产品。,1-2,TASK 2,Reading well requires more than understanding the words, sentences and ideas. When you read Text A, you should find out the descriptions of some sentences quickly, and keep your thoughts flowing with the authors. Choose the best answer for each of the following statements according to Text A. 1. All organizations have _ that relate to the activities necessary to create goods and services. A. few similarities B. a lot of similarities C. few differences D. a lot of differences,答案,B,1-2,TASK 2,2. It is entirely _ for organizations in unrelated industries to take similar steps in creating products. A. possible B. impossible C .unreasonable D. unrealistic 3. The transformation process occurs in _ of organizations, regardless of the goods or services they offer. A. one or two kinds B. a few kinds C. all kinds D. all of the above,答案,A,答案,C,1-2,TASK 2,4. _ includes purchasing, inventory management, traffic management, and shipping and receiving. A. Quality control B. Product design C. Material management D. Production planning and control 5. _ includes aggregate planning, detailed planning and dispatching. A. Production planning and control B. Quality control C. Product design D. Material management,答案,C,答案,A,1-2,TASK 2,6. In order to maximize effectiveness of corporation in the following area, which belongs to the Production Planning and Control Department? A. Processing time control, daily production control. B. Production data management. C. Parts procurement planning. D. all of the above.,答案,D,1-2,TASK 2,7. A: The complaint rate for our new product line is very high, almost seven percent. B: Were having some _problems, We need to go to the source to work them out. A. production planning B. production control C. production quality-control D. production design,答案,C,1-2,TASK 2,D,答案,A,8. Zero?defect programs aim for _ percent acceptable output. A. 80 B.90 C.99 D.100 9. Robots are _ used in industry. A. increasingly B. decreasingly C. ignorantly D. idyllically,答案,1-2,TASK 2,10. Which of the followings isnt true? A. Product design is dependent on what customers want and the organizations technical abilities. B. Robots can perform a variety of tasks. C. Product design is only dependent on the organizations technical abilities. D.Quality control involves measuring the quality of products and services against established quality standards.,答案,D,1-2,TASK 3,You never just memorize single English words. Youd better learn by heart the whole sentences and the phrases that contain new words so that you may know how to use these words. Now read Text A and try to pay active attention to the following expressions in the text. After that, fill in the blanks with the given expressions. Change the form where necessary. conform procedure other than differ forecast dispatch perform distribute accomplish robot,1-2,TASK 3,Japanese industry is making increasing use of . 2. He a messenger to tell the king what had happened. This year, the company decided not to dividends to its shareholders. If you are a member of a club， you must to the rules of the club. 5. They didnt the purpose desired.,robots,dispatched,distribute,conform,accomplish,_,_,_,_,_,1-2,TASK 3,6. They were given nothing dry bread and water for their evening meal. 7. We have worked out a new set of for using this machine. 8. He his experiment over and over， working till midnight. 9. The brothers in their interests. 10. The weather says it will be sunny tomorrow.,other than,procedures,performed,differ,forecast,_,_,_,_,_,1-2,TASK 4,Task 4 This task is to check your ability to understand and translate sentences. When you read the underlined sentences in Text A, youd better analyze the structures of the sentences first. And then translate them into Chinese.,1-2,TASK 4,(1) 因此，在所有的企业与生产产品和提供服务相联系的必然行为上都有很多相似之处。生产与运作管理的作用就是获取生产产品所必需的资源，计划好如何把这些资源生产成为成品的具体步骤，并且确保产品符合外观、性能和可靠性标准。 (2) 尽管所有的企业生产产品的方式在某种程度上不尽相同，但在同一行业里的企业都以相似的方式生产相似的产品。然而，在不相关的行业里的企业也完全有可能采取相似的步骤去生产产品。,1-2,TASK 4,(3) 材料管理是通过制定和协调政策、生产程序和制度来获取、分配和储存生产产品或服务所需要的材料。 (4) 生产计划与控制决定生产什么产品、完成产品的日期以及策划在预定日期完成产品所必要采取的具体活动。 (5) 产品设计取决于顾客的需要和企业的技术能力。可以是标准化设计的产品或定制的产品。,1-2,TEXT B,Pre-reading As you know, in 1994, our country announced that we adopted ISO 9000. Quality control involves measuring the quality of products and services against established standards. ISO 9000 refers to a set of quality management standards which has been playing an important role in quality control. The quality certification is welcomed by many enterprises. ISO 9000 certification was one of the hottest topics talked about by enterprises in recent years. In Text B, you will learn what ISO 9000 is，how ISO 9000 works，and why ISO 9000 is important.,1-2,TEXT B,Pre-reading As you know, in 1994, our country announced that we adopted ISO 9000. Quality control involves measuring the quality of products and services against established standards. ISO 9000 refers to a set of quality management standards which has been playing an important role in quality control. The quality certification is welcomed by many enterprises. ISO 9000 certification was one of the hottest topics talked about by enterprises in recent years. In Text B, you will learn what ISO 9000 is，how ISO 9000 works，and why ISO 9000 is important.,1-2,TEXT B,ISO 9000 Suggested Reading Time:6min What is ISO 9000 ? 1 ISO stands for the International Organization for Standardization. It is a world which is composed of various countries standardization associations. The term ISO 9000 refers to a set of quality management standards.,翻译,什么是ISO 9000 ? ISO代表国际标准化组织。国际标准化组织是由各国标准化协会组成的世界联盟。ISO 9000系指一套质量管理标准。,federation,federation 联盟 同盟,1-2,TEXT B,ISO first published its quality standards in 1987, revised them in 1994 and then republished an updated version in 2000. These new standards are referred to as the “ISO 90002000 Standards”.1 ISOs purpose is to international trade by providing a single set of standards that people everywhere would recognize and respect.,翻译,ISO于1987年首次出台了它的质量标准，于1994年作了修订，然后