高一英语必修一Unit4知识点.ppt

Unit 4 Earthquakes,人教版英语必修一,1. right away 立刻，马上 同义词 right now(还作“此刻，现在”讲）=at once=in no time=without delay=immediately 2. smelly adj. 发臭的，有臭味的 smelly是由名词smell加后缀-y而构成的形容词，英语中有许多派生词体现了这一原则： bloodbloody 血腥的 cloudcloudy 多云的 rainrainy 下雨的 windwindy 多风的 iceicy 冰冷的 dreamdreamy多梦的 tastetasty 美味的,3.shake vt.&vi. 使摇动，发抖，摇动 【词组】 shake hands with sb. 同某人握手 shake ones head 摇头 shake sb. by the hand=shake sb.s hand 拉着某人的手 give a . shake 把摇了一下 a shake of the head 摇头 Tips:shake还可以表示“使受震撼，使（信念等）动摇”，常用于被动语态be shaken by/with/at中，同义词upset ,shock,4.burst vt.突然闯入 vi.爆裂，爆发 n.爆炸，突发 【词组】 burst into+n.=burst out +doing sth. 突然 eg:burst into tears=burst out crying burst into 闯入 burst open 猛然打开 【例句】 The police burst open the door.警察破开了门,5.ruin vt.毁灭；毁坏；使破产 n.毁坏；废墟 【词组】 in ruins 毁坏；严重受损 fall into ruin 毁坏；毁灭 【辨析】 ruin一次性，彻底性的毁坏，通常指无可挽回的伤害 damage损失；损坏，多用于无生命的东西，损害了还可修复，这种损失是自然灾害或人为过失造成的 harm指对人或物的伤害或损坏；身体或心理上的伤害 destroy强调具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉,6. at an end= finished 结束，终结（作表语） We were very happy when the work was at an end. Compare: at the end of by the end of in the end at the end of “在尽头；在末” by the end of “到/截止末”；主句一般用完成时 in the end 意思“最后、终于”= at last/ finally,1. Wash your hands _ the experiment.,at the end of,2. How many English words had you learned _ last term?,by the end of,3. He tried various jobs and_ became a teacher.,in the end,bring/put an end to 使终止,come to an end. 结束,end up with 以.而告终,其他词组：,The job came to an end last month. Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting. 她的忽然来到使他们的会议终止了。 At the dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit. 在宴会上，开始的一道菜通常是汤，最后的一道是水果。,7.injure vt. 使受伤，损害 injury n. 伤，伤口 injured adj. 受伤的 【辨析】 hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上、感情上的伤害。也可用作不及物动词，意为“痛苦” injure多指因意外事故而损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失 wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤,8.frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 vi.惊吓；害怕 frightening adj. 受惊的，受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的 【词组】 be frightened at 对感到吃惊 frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.恐吓某人使其做/不做某事 be frightened of sb./sth.=be afraid of sb./sth.害怕某人/某物 【例句】 The noise frightened me. 那声音使我害怕。 Youll find that I dont frighten easily. 你会发现我不会轻易受到惊吓。,10.congratulate vt. 祝贺；（复数）贺词 congratulation n. 祝贺 congratulations on (doing) sth. 祝贺 congratulate sb. on(doing) sth. 为某事向某人祝贺 congratulate oneself on 庆幸；感到幸运 11.dig out 掘出，发现 dig down 挖倒 dig in 掘土以渗进（肥料）等；开始细致地工作 dig at 讥讽，挖苦 dig for 发掘，搜集（资料、事实等） dig up 掘起，挖出,12. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。,as if = as though 好像 引出方式状语从句,She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我 似的。 as if 在表语从句中相当于that: It seemed as if/that the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了。,1)虚拟语气（说话者主观想象或夸大的比喻）,2)陈述语气,时态一致,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken,当铅笔一部分放进水里，看起来好像折断了似的。 (虚拟),It looks as if its going to rain,看样子天要下雨了。(陈述语气),（是事实或可能性很大）,as if 后的从句可用两种语气,13.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。 lie( lay lain) 处于某种状态;躺，平躺，平卧 平放,lie/be in ruins 成为废墟,in ruins 荒芜的,成为废墟,一般用作表语或状语,An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. His career is in ruins .,The city _ (成为废墟）after the war.,lay/was in ruins,口诀:规则的“撒谎”，不规则的“躺”，躺过就“下蛋”。 (lie当“说谎”用，它的过去式和过去分词都为lied，而当“躺”用时，它的过去式为“下蛋”即lay),14分数的表示法,分子 分母,基数词,序数词,分子大于一，分母用复数,三分之一 one- third,五分之三 three-fifths,不是所有希望都破灭了。 allnot = not all该句为部分否定 表示全部否定： no one, none, nobody, nothing, notany, 以及“no+名词”,15. All hope was not lost. = Not all hope was lost.,不是所有的孩子都被留下了。 不是所有的孩子都吵闹。,Not all the children are left.,(= Only some of them left early.),Not all the children are noisy.,(= Some of the children are not noisy.),All the students do not agree to the plan.,= Not all the students agree to the plan.,16. bury,vt. 埋葬; 葬 The boy buried the dead bird in the backyard. 男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。 vt. 使沉浸（或专心于） be buried in= bury oneself in埋头于; 专心于 be buried in thought 沉思 bury oneself in study 埋头研究；专心学习,17.表