2020版高考英语必考点专题12定语从句（精讲深剖）（含解析）.docx

专题12定语从句精讲深剖真题速递1.（2019江苏卷单项填空） We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。2.（2019天津卷单项填空）11.Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。3.(2019新课标I卷短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。4.(2019新课标II卷语法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。5.(2019新课标III卷语法填空)They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。6.（2019新课标III卷短文改错) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】Inthecafe,customerswillenjoy themselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentiscreatedforthem.【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。7.(2019浙江卷语法填空）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。8.（2019北京卷语法填空）What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。9.（2019北京卷语法填空）The students benefiting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_3_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。10.（2018北京） She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。11.（2018天津）Kate, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。12.(2018江苏)Self-drivingisanarea_ Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。13.(2018新课标I卷语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.【答案】that或which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。14.(2018新课标I卷短文改错)They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.【答案】 which改成in which或where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。15.(2018新课标II卷语法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that或which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。16.（2018新课标II卷语法填空)Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that或who【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。考纲解读定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：关系代词 which引导的非限制性定语从句关系副词where引导的定语从句（近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间念的名词的情况)介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句;as引导的非限制性定语从句。知识梳理关系代词关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose (of whom/of which)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业文凭。My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。1关系代词that与which的用法(1)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况：先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时用that。Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？Who is the boy that won the gold medal?赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可能会造成污染的东西。当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。There is a seat in the corner that is still available.在那个角落还有一个座位可用。(2)只用which不用that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。 关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disappointing.结果与当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。2which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等意思上意为“这一点”意为“正如，正像的那样”She was late for school again, which was unexpected.她上学又迟到了，这是始料不及的。She was late for school again, as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她上学又迟到了。名师指津as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such名词as (像一样的，像之类的)；such (pron.)as (像一样的，像之类的)；the same名词as (和同样的)。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。【考题印证】 单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.【答案】that/which【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词study，故填that/which。2.(2018全国卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soiltesting program_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that/which【解析】空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰“a soiltesting program”，先行词表示物，故用that或者which。3.(2017 浙江11月高考)The best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement, _ means youll just keep getting better and better.【答案】which【解析】空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，故填which。4.(2017全国卷)But Sarah，_ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.【答案】who【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处应是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，故用关系代词who。5.(2017全国卷)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, _ is on the rooftop of their house.【答案】which【解析】空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，故填which。6.(2017全国卷)Around me in the picture are the things _ were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.【答案】that/which【解析】分析句子结构可知，things作其后定语从句的先行词，并在从句中作主语，故关系代词用that或which。关系副词关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)Sing! China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, where some have stood out among them.中国新歌声为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt study hard.他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。名师指津当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。【考题印证】 单句语法填空1.(2017浙江6月高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，_ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.【答案】 where【解析】根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the garden”，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where引导。2.(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【答案】when【解析】先行词是表示时间的“the mid1980s”，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填关系副词when。3.(2015广东高考)When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly.【答案】 where【解析】根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词“the market”，且从句中少地点状语，故填关系副词where。“介词关系词”引导的定语从句1.“介词关系词”引导的定语从句构成句法功能用法指津名词(代词)介词关系代词主语可转化为“whose名词”结构数词(形容词最高级)of关系代词主语数词还可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换介词(短语)关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换介词关系代词名词状语关系代词常用which 和whose介词关系副词状语有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或toRecently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。Lily might possibly come, in which case Ill ask her.莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。2“介词关系词”引导的定语从句的2个考查点(1)考查该结构中关系代词的选用若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。(2)考查该结构中介词的选用一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词和介词的搭配习惯；从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯；句子意思表达的需要。考点精讲“3招”妙解语法填空题1关系代词的选用(1)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。(2)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用whom。(3)如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。2关系副词的选用如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when或where。3“介词关系代词”的判定如果先行词指人， “介词关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物， “介词关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。【思路点拨】1Records are rare before that time because Qin Shi Huang destroyed all the books could be found.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句引导词。通过分析句子发现， all the books是先行词，空格后是谓语动词，那么空格处就是主语，故填关系代词that。句意：因为秦始皇把所有的书都销毁了，所以以前的记录是罕见的。2However, speeding up your walking pace cant instantly make you the life of the party, means that you neednt change your personality.【答案】which【解析】考查非限定性定语从句引导词。分析句子可知“ speeding up your walking pace cant instantly make you the life of the party”是先行词，空格前有逗号，空格后缺少主语，故填which。 3 is expected, these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.【答案】As【解析】考查非限定性定语从句引导词。空格处是句首又是主语，逗号后面部分是先行词，又根据句意“正想预期的那样，这些节目在形式和功能上都应该是积极的。”故填As。4A best friend is someone you can tell everything to, even your most personal feelings and thoughts.【答案】whom【解析】考查限定性定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，介词to缺少宾语，someone是先行词。故填引导词whom。句意：最好的朋友是一个你可以告诉一切的人，甚至是你最私人的感受和想法。5Now Edwards is studying English literature, having completed a college course designed for adults want to return to education or need extra qualifications to go on to university.【答案】who【解析】考查限定性定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是adults，后面的定语从句缺少主语，故填who。句意：现在爱德华兹正在学习英国文学，完成了一门专为希望重返教育，或者需要额外的资格才能进入大学的成年人设计的大学课程，。【思路点拨】6There are certain dates throughout the year the entire country takes a vacation at the same time. 【答案】when【解析】考查限定性定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是the year，在定语从句中做状语，故填when。7Of course, there are times we need to travel long distances. 【答案】when【解析】考查限定性定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是times，在定语从句中做状语，故填when。8 Gift shops in museums used to be the last stop of each visit, people would buy souvenirs for themselves and their friends.【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是Gift shops，在后面定语从句中做状语，故填where。【思路点拨】9The city has historically developed on seven hills, some of are 250m high.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是seven hills，在后面定语从句中做介词of的宾语语，故填which。10We first attended the opening parade, for our class had made a lot of preparations.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是 the opening parade，在后面定语从句中做介词for的宾语，故填which。11Behind him were other people to he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是people，在后面定语从句中做介词to的宾语，故填whom。“3招”妙解短文改错题1忽视先行词2混淆关系词的用法(1)错用which和that；(2)误把what当成关系代词；(3)介词后的关系代词不能使用that。3没有考虑关系词在从句中充当的成分【思路点拨】1On the other hand, I can see the singers stories, who are so inspiring. 【答案】who改为which【解析】考查限定性定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是the singers stories，是物，在后面定语从句中做主语，故把who改为which。2Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station where you can hire to reach your host family. 【答案】where改为which【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是taxis ，在后面定语从句中做动词hire的宾语，故把where改为which。【思路点拨】3She thanked me several times sincerely, that made me feel extremely proud. 【答案】that改为which 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是She thanked me several times sincerely，that在后面定语从句中做主语，空格前有逗号，故把that改为which 。4Secondly, manage our time wisely by setting up a study schedule, that can help us improve our learning efficiency. 【答案】that改为which【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是manage our time wisely by setting up a study schedule，是个句子，后面定语从句中缺少语，故把that改为which。5Looking at the spot what he thought the “fly” was again, he was so angry that he slapped it with all his strength. 【答案】what改为where 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是the spot，在后面定语从句中做状语，故把what改为where 。6Last week, I along with my classmates was asked to attend a lecture, the theme of what was environmental protection. 【答案】what改为which【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是a lecture，在后面定语从句中做of的宾语，故填把what改为which。注意：what不能引导定语从句。【思路点拨】7When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents, whom taught English in a university. 【答案】whom改为who【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是her parents，在后面定语从句中做主语，故填把whom改为who。8In the square which many senior citizens were dancing, I found several elders buried in feeding birds. 【答案】which改为where【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是the square，在后面定语从句中做状语，故填把which改为where。9The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of them left their village homes for a better life in the city. 【答案】them改为whom【解析】考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，先行词是1,000 people，在后面定语从句中做宾语，故填把them改为whom。模拟训练一语法填空1.(河南省开封市2019届高三上学期第一次模拟考试)Such a random CPA would be the time-reverse of a random laser， in_light is resonantly enhanced by multiple scattering inside a disorder【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词random laser，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，指物，故填关系代词which.2.(吉林省辽源市普通高中2019届高三第二次模拟)It was he _ first set up private schools and received students from every walk of life without consideration of their social status.【答案】which 【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是he指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词that/who引导。故填that/who。3.（辽宁省葫芦岛市2019届高三下学期第一次模拟）Researchers at the a Massachusetts university are creating the first robot _ can constantly change its shape according to the task it has to do. 【答案】that【解析】考查关系代词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词robot，且先行词在从句中做主语，被序数词修饰，故用关系代词that。4.（山东省淄博市高三第一次模拟考试）People rushed to get free tickets online，for the rare night-time opening，_ were snapped up within minutes.【答案】which【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意参考上题解析，先行词为tickets，指物，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，故填which。5.（山东省泰安市2019届高三第一次模拟考试）China is famous for its bewildering and oftentimes confusing highway interchanges (立体交叉道)，but the Qianchun interchange in the mountainous province of Guizhou is the only one _ actually looks like a giant rollercoaster for cars and trucks.【答案】that【解析】考查定于从句连接词。定语从句中先行词被the only修饰时，连接词只能用that，故填that。6.（山东省济南市2019届高三第一次模拟考试）Besides routine university courses，she also organizes nonprofit paper-cutting activities _are open to the public in Beijing to promote basic knowledge of paper-cutting.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：除了正常的大学课程以外，杨老师还管理着一些非营利性的剪纸活动，这些活动面向北京的人群，为了增进他们的剪纸基本知识。分析句子可知，are open to the public in Beijing to promote basic knowledge of paper-cutting为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词activities，从句缺乏主语，故用关系代词which或者that。7. （广东省2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟）Shorter hours of sunlight and cooler temperatures also relate to higher rates of depression,_ is linked to an increase in drinking.【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：日照时间越长、气温越低，抑郁症的发病率也越高，而抑郁症与饮酒增多有关。前面是整个句子做先行词，后面用which引导非限制性定语从句，故答