2020版高考英语必考点专题16阅读理解之细节理解题和词义猜测题（精讲深剖）（含解析）.docx

专题16 阅读理解之细节理解题和词义猜测题精讲深剖真题速递（2019全国I卷A）Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分中的“Summer Company provides students with .awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可知“Summer Company为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“running new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的第二段“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Who is eligible: .Some positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”,可知Summer Employment Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。（2019全国I卷B）For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes, nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”本文属于记叙文，讲述Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段today is speech day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句But hes nervous.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段 “Im here to tell you today why you shouldshould” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. 以及后文except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well 可知, Chris 发ld比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说Chris做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。（2019全国II卷B）“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。25. What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线前句she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on .可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A. She gets interested in lacrosse.B. She is proud of her kids.C. Shell work for another season.D. She becomes a good helper.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty.B. It makes her very happy.C. It enables her to work hard.D. It brings her material rewards.【答案】B【解析】 细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四最两句Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐， 参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。（2019全国III卷B）For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers, says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.China is impossible to overlook, says Hill. Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. Of course, only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales, adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers, she says. China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。26. What do the underlined words taking on in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”，故选D。考纲解读对于细节理解题，考纲要求考生既能理解具体的事实，也能理解抽象的概念，且能理解文中某句、某段的意义。因此对此类型的试题，考生一般可以直接从文章中找出答案。词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。考点精讲一 细节理解题细节理解题常见设问方式 细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息。常见的命题方式有：1特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。2判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3以“According to.”开头的提问形式。4填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from _.此类题目相对简单，只要考生认真并且细心，得分就会比较容易。 细节理解题正确选项的特征 1同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose ones job换成了be out of work。有时候词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。2语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。3正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。【方法技巧】1.细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则“本本主义”，一切从原文出发，无需读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。第一步 审读题干和选项，回到原文定信息区间 通过题干或选项中的关键词找到定位点，开始精读文章直到下一题的定位区域出现。只有两种情况需要向上找寻信息：定位到的信息为数字串，或举例说明部分；出现了逻辑关系词(therefore, so, as a result)或代词(that, these, it)。 第二步 将选项和原文一一对比，求同排异定答案利用“同义原则”，找出原文中与正确选项匹配的同义词组，将原文出现的信息和选项进行比对，确定正确选项。做任何阅读理解题都不是找感觉，本质上是找同义词，解题时找出的同义词组越多，答案就越准确，这是解答细节理解题的基本方法。 【考题印证】(2017全国，A)In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeares plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.National Theatre of China Beijing|ChineseThis great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK. The companys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Date & Time：Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi|GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed (指导)by the companys Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time：Friday 18 May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pmDeafinitely Theatre London I British Sign Language(BSL)By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30pmHabima National Theatre Tel Aviv|HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrewlanguage theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time：Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了全球的艺术家将聚集到一起用他们自己的语言表演莎士比亚的戏剧的相关内容。1.Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China？ARichard .BLoves Labours Lost. CAs You Like It.DThe Merchant of Venice.【答案】A【解析】考查细节理解。根据题干中的“the National Theatre of China”可将答案定位于National Theatre of China部分中的“Shakespeares Richard ”，故选A项。2.What is special about Deafinitely Theatre？_AIt has two groups of actors. BIt is the leading theatre in London.CIt performs plays in BSL. DIt is good at producing comedies.【答案】A【解析】考查细节理解。根据Deafinitely Theatre部分中的“By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy”可知Deafinitely Theatre的特别之处就是使用BSL 表演喜剧，创造出了一种对莎士比亚喜剧的新的诠释。故C项正确。 3.When can you see a play in Hebrew？_AOn Saturday 28 April.BOn Sunday 29 April.COn Tuesday 22 May.DOn Tuesday 29 May.【答案】D【解析】考查细节理解。根据题干中的“Hebrew”可将该题答案定位在最后一部分中。根据最后一部分中的“Date&Time：Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm”可知，故选D项。(2017北京，B)Inspiring young minds!TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of childrens publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. Sounds too good to be true?Take a look onlineevidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.Happy Birthday All Year!What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.SUBSCRIBE NOWAnnual Subscription Europe 55 Rest of World 65Annual Subscription with Gift PackIncludes a Mammoth Map, a Passport Puzzle Booklet, and SubscriptionEurope 60 Rest of World 70Refund Policythe subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.文章大意：这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了TOKNOW杂志的内容、订购价格和退订等方面的信息。8.Why is TOKNOW a special magazine？_AIt entertains young parents.BIt provides serious advertisements.CIt publishes popular science fictions.DIt combines fun with complex concepts.【答案】D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month”可知，TOKNOW杂志的特殊之处在于它将趣味性与有挑战性的、复杂的概念结合起来。故选D。9.What does TOKNOW offer its readers？_AOnline courses.BArticles on new topics.CLectures on a balanced life.DReports on scientific discoveries.【答案】B【解析】考查细节理解。根据What inside？部分中的“Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles，experiments and creative things to make”可知TOKNOW刊登关于新话题的文章。个B项正确。 10.How much should you pay if you make a 12month subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China._A55. B60. C65. D70.【答案】D【解析】考查细节理解。根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack部分中的“Rest of World 70”可知，在中国按年订购有礼包的TOKNOW杂志需要70。故选D。11.Subscribers of TOKNOW would get _.Afree birthday presents Bfull refund within 28 daysCmembership of the TOKNOW club Dchances to meet the experts in person【答案】B【解析】考查细节理解。根据文中的“Refund Policythe subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.”可知，28天之内退订的订购者可以或得全额退款。故B正确。二词义猜测题【题型特点】词义猜测题常见设问方式1(1)What does the underlined word mean in the.?(2)The word “.” probably refers to.其中均含有word or underlined word。2(1)The term/sentence in. ca