（北京专用）2020届高考英语一轮复习专题九名词、代词和冠词课件.pptx

第四部分 英语基础知识 专题九 名词、代词和冠词,高考英语 (北京市专用),A组 20172019年高考模拟考点基础题组,三年模拟,考点一 名词,1.(2019河北唐山一模,70)They concluded that, on average, the (long) of eye contact was three seconds.,答案 length 句意:他们得出结论,目光接触的平均时长是三秒。因为此空前有定冠词the修 饰,且空后为of,故应用形容词long的名词形式,因此填length。,2.(2019湖北七市联考,62)On Oct. 21, 2018 Chinas restaurant chain serving Shaxian Delicacies opened its first eatery in the United States, but closed three hours after it was officially opened to the public as all the (dish) on the menu were sold out.,答案 dishes 此处表示菜单上的所有菜均已售罄。dish当“菜肴”讲时为可数名词,且all和 were都表明应该用复数形式,因此本空为dishes。,3.(2019陕西汉中三月联考,67)“Eleven years is significant, and what this study does is that it adds to a growing body of scientific evidence that we can make real changes in our risks for de- mentia (痴呆), by altering our diets,” said Orly Avitzur, a neurologist and the medical (direct) at Consumer Reports.,答案 director 根据设空前的定冠词和形容词可知此处应用名词形式,direct加or变成名词di- rector。,4.(2019湖北八市三月联考,68)Interior and exterior (decorate), electromechanical installa- tion, and outdoor projects are being finished at the core venues.,答案 decoration 句意:主会场的室内、室外装饰,机电安装和户外工程即将完工。由句子结 构可知此处应用所给词的名词形式,动词decorate去掉e加ion变成名词,因此本空填decora- tion。,5.(2019吉林省实验中学月考,61)I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short (distant).,答案 distance 句意:我那时正在纽约的一个小地方旅游,那个地方没有短途出租车。设空处 作for的宾语,故用所给词的名词形式;再根据提示词distant可知设空处填名词distance。,6.(2018广东五校协作体第一次联考,66)Now, Sanzhenzhai has approximately 100 (outlet) across the country.,答案 outlets 句意:现在三珍斋在全国有大约100家经销店。根据设空处前的数字100可推 知设空处需填名词复数形式。,7.(2018内蒙古包头一模,44)Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect ecosystem, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.,答案 combination 句意:来自联合国教科文组织的高级专家们对它独特的自然景色、近乎 完美的生态系统和自然与人本主义的创造性结合感到非常惊讶。设空处在句中作介词at的宾 语,故填名词形式。combination n. 结合;combine为动词。,8.(2017辽宁沈阳东北育才学校二模,62)I want to see the people whose (kind) and compa- ny have made my life worth living.,答案 kindness 句意:我想去看看那些用善良和陪伴使我的人生值得过的人。whose为关系 代词,引导定语从句,后面应该接名词,kind为形容词,kindness为名词。,考点二 代词,1.(2019福建厦门第一次质检,70)The handsome turnover will be used appropriately to better pro- tect the Forbidden City and improve international image of being a part of the worlds cul- tural heritage.,答案 its 句意:一大笔营业额将会被合理地用来更好地保护故宫,同时提高它作为世界文化 遗产一部分的国际形象。这里代指故宫的国际形象,因此用形容词性物主代词its。,2.(2019安徽江南十校三月综合素质检测,62)The bridge links three areas, making much more convenient to travel from one to another.,答案 it 句意:这座桥连接了三个区域,使得从一个地方到另外一个地方变得更加方便。此 处it为形式宾语,后面的to travel from one to another为真正的宾语。,3.(2019甘肃张掖二中8月月考,47)People ride the bikes and then drop off anywhere they like, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place.,答案 them 句意:人们骑这些自行车,然后把自行车放在他们喜欢的任何地方,只需要锁上后 轮,而不必去找一个固定的场所(存放自行车)。根据语境可知此处需要代词指代bikes(复数形 式)作宾语,故答案为them。,4.(2018吉林长春一模,64)In his letter, Jin introduced (he) and Yiwu.,答案 himself 句意:在他的信中,Jin介绍了他自己和义乌。主语和宾语是同一个人,故宾语 采用反身代词形式himself。,5.(2018北京海淀一模,1)The course is designed to help students learn to respect .,答案 others 句意:这门课程是为了帮助学生学会尊重他人而设计的。根据句意可知空格处 表示“他人”,应用others,指“其他的人或事”。,6.(2018北京朝阳一模,3)The meal itself was not so good was boringly brown including vegetables.,答案 everything 句意:这顿饭本身不是很好全都是让人提不起食欲的烤焦了的颜色,包 括蔬菜。根据句意可知此空应指全部的饭,强调每一样都是如此,所以用everything。,7. (2017江西赣中南五校第一次联考,66) Dating sites also make easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in.,答案 it 句意:约会网站还能使避开那些你不感兴趣的人变得容易。设空处用it作形式宾语, “to avoid someone.”为真正的宾语。,考点三 冠词,1.(2019河北张家口、沧州一模,61)The annual Dalian International Beach Culture Festival ended in September and three-month festival attracted 3.1 million tourists both from home and abroad to Dalian Jinshitan National Tourist Resort (度假胜地).,答案 the/this 句意:一年一度的大连国际沙滩文化节在九月结束,这个持续三个月的节日吸 引了国内外310万游客来到大连金石滩国际度假胜地。设空处特指上文提到的大连国际沙滩 文化节,因此用the/this。,2.(2019湖北七市联考,65)The Shaxian Delicacies restaurant chain has already become great success in China.,答案 a 句意:沙县小吃连锁餐厅在中国已经取得了巨大的成功。抽象名词success具体指一 件成功的事时前面加不定冠词a。,3.(2019内蒙古赤峰二中月考,42)It was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into popular pastime.,答案 a 句意:下午茶的发明把喝茶变成了一项受欢迎的消遣活动。可数名词pastime在本 句中表示泛指,故填a。,4.(2019湖北黄冈9月质量检测,68)Confucius was extraordinary educator and philosopher, and founded Confucianism.,答案 an 句意:孔子是一位杰出的教育家和哲学家,并且创立了儒家思想。设空处后的edu- cator and philosopher表泛指概念且extraordinary以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。,5.(2018河南郑州一中第六次测试,42)Four boys were taking walk in the woods near Mon- tignac.,答案 a 句意:四个男孩儿正在Montignac附近的树林里散步。take a walk为固定短语,意为 “行走,散步”。,6.(2018福建莆田3月质检,65)Among “four new great inventions”,online shopping was invented by Michael Aldrich in the U.K. in 1979.,答案 the 句意:在这“新四大发明”中,网上购物是Michael Aldrich于1979年在英国首创 的。设空处后的名词inventions在本句中表示特指,故用定冠词the。,7.(2017河南八市重点高中质检,62)Now we know that they have same features that can also be found in sharks around Australia and the South Sea.,答案 the 句意:现在我们知道它们与在澳大利亚及南海周围发现的鲨鱼有相同的特征。the same.为固定搭配,意为:相同的。,8.(2017江西赣中南五校一次联考,62) World Wide Web is quickly becoming the worlds most popular matchmaker(媒人).,答案 The 句意:万维网正迅速成为世上最受欢迎的媒人。“World Wide Web”为含普通 名词的专有名词,这类专有名词常与定冠词连用,故填The。,B组 20172019年高考模拟专题综合题组,1.(2019湖北七市联考,64)When the customers can see the cooking process with an open kitchen in the restaurant, it puts (they) at ease over food safety.,答案 them 考查代词。句意:当顾客们可以通过餐厅的开放厨房看到烹饪过程时,他们对食 品安全感觉很放心。此处them代指顾客们,因此用them。,2.(2019福建厦门第一次质检,66)With series of well-planned and tourist-friendly cultural activities, the Palace Museum is now on a campaign to make traditional Chinese culture more ac- cessible to the general public.,答案 a 考查冠词。句意:有着一系列精心策划、对游客友好的文化活动,故宫博物院现在 正在努力进行一场能让普通百姓更容易接触到传统中国文化的运动。a series of一系列,因此 填a。,3.(2019安徽江南十校三月综合素质检测,69)From the beginning in December 2009 to the day of the official opening, all (walk) of life made great contributions to the design and construc- tion of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, contributing “wisdom of China”.,答案 walks 考查名词。all walks of life的意思是“各行各业”,因此填写名词的复数形式 walks。,4.(2019湖北八市三月联考,62)The expo is set to showcase the latest trends and achievements in floriculture (园艺业), as well as fruit and vegetables growing at foot of the Great Wall in Yanqing District.,答案 the 考查冠词。句意:世博会将展示园艺业的最新趋势和成果,还有在延庆区长城脚下 种植的水果和蔬菜。at the foot of 在脚下,为固定搭配。,5.(2019四川成都经济技术开发区实验中学月考,70)Some birds even mistakenly feed (they) babies waste instead of food.,答案 their 考查代词。句意:一些鸟儿甚至误把垃圾当成食物来喂它们的孩子。此处需要 形容词性物主代词作定语修饰babies,故填their。,6.(2018北京海淀第一学期期末,21)He is going to visit university which is located in west of USA.,答案 a; the 考查冠词。句意:他将要去参观一所坐落在美国西部的大学。第一空表泛指,应 用不定冠词,又因university以辅音音素开头,故用a;第二空表示方位,需用定冠词the。,7.(2018北京朝阳第一学期期中,2)Peter, when shall we talk about our project, Wednesday or Thursday? . Ill be away in Paris the whole week.,答案 Neither 考查代词。句意:Peter,我们什么时候讨论下我们的项目,周三还是周四? 都不行,我这一周都将在巴黎。根据题干的Wednesday or Thursday可知范围为两者,而答 语中给出的理由暗示了“这两天都不行”,表示“两者都不”用代词neither。,8.(2018东北三省三校一模,64)Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have includ- ed border control, the (encourage) of trade and the control of immigration.,答案 encouragement 考查名词。句意:除了防御外,长城的其他目的还包括控制边疆、鼓励 贸易和控制移民。设空处在句中作动词的宾语,故填名词。,9.(2018甘肃天水一中一模,50)We can overcome the problems that challenge us or we can enjoy (we)by avoiding all difficulties.,答案 ourselves 考查代词。句意:我们可以战胜挑战我们的困难,也可以回避所有的困难,从 而愉快地生活。enjoy oneself为固定短语,意为“过得愉快”,根据主语we可知填ourselves。,10.(2018河北百校联盟联考,61)Table tennis is a fast, demanding sport and has most play- ers of all sports in the world.,答案 the 考查冠词。句意:乒乓球是一项速度快,需要技能的运动,参与这项运动的选手在 全世界所有体育运动中人数最多。设空处后的most为形容词最高级作players的定语,形容词 最高级前需填定冠词the。,11.(2017辽宁抚顺重点高中协作校一模,68)Instead of letting circumstances control and defeat you, use them to push you into (act) so that you can change your present situation.,答案 action 考查名词。句意:不要让环境控制、击败你,而要利用它们敦促你采取行动,这 样你就能改变你目前的情况。action意为“行动;行为”。push sb. into action意为“敦促某人 采取行动”。,12.(2017山西适应性考试,70)All too soon it was time to leave. I really enjoyed my stay in Xian. It is indeed worth second visit.,答案 a 考查冠词。句意:转眼之间该离开了。我在西安逗留期间过得非常开心。它的确是 值得再次参观的。“a+序数词”表示:又一,再一。,13.(2017山东师大附中二模,66) At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced .,答案 herself 考查代词。句意:那时,一位注意到了我的书的迷人的年轻女士,向我走来并介 绍她自己。设空处作宾语,该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人,故用反身代词her- self。,15.(2017湖北襄阳一次调研,67)In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show ap- plause not by clapping their hands but by waving in the air.,答案 them 考查代词。句意:在北美聋人文化中,许多听众不是通过拍手而是通过在空中挥 动双手来表示掌声。设空处用them代替hands以避免重复。,14.(2017山东烟台一模,66)Due to the huge voluntary support from the local people,the blood bank has enough blood to function round clock to serve the local patients.,答案 the 考查冠词。句意:由于当地人们的大力自愿支持,这个血站储存了足够的血昼夜不 停地给当地的病人提供服务。round the clock为固定结构,意为:昼夜不停地。,C组 20172019年高考模拟应用创新题组 Passage 1 In 1955, Walt Disney opened Disneyland in California. The park was 1 huge success. So many people approached him and asked him to build a Magic Kingdom in other 2 (part) of the world, but Disney refused. He didnt want a park that was exactly 3 same as the one he had built. However, in 1964, after he had developed some 4 (attract) for the New York Worlds Fair, he was amazed by what his engineers had created by using technology and 5 (they) imag- ination, so he decided to put some of his creativity and technology into the creation of a new theme park. The challenge of finding enough land was great, and even greater challenge was finding and purchasing the land without people knowing about it. Because of 6 (he) popularity, Walt Dis- ney thought that the price of the land would have increased dramatically if people had known it was being sold to 7 famous Walt Disney. Disney eventually bought 27,443 acres of land in Central Florida and paid $180 for each acre of land. Days after he announced his plans to build his theme park, the surrounding land began to sell for $8,000 per acre.,答案 语篇解读 本文为记叙文,讲述了迪士尼乐园创办人华特迪士尼的一些事情。 1.a 考查冠词。此处success表示一件成功的事,为可数名词,故填a。 2.parts 考查名词。许多人找到他想让他在世界上其他的地方也建造一个奇妙的王国。根据 文中的other可知,此处是指世界上的其他地方,因此用part的复数形式parts。 3.the 考查冠词。句意:他不想建造一个和自己之前建的完全一样的公园。the same as为固 定搭配,表示“和一样”,故填the。 4.attractions 考查名词。根据空前的some可知,此处应用名词attraction的复数形式。 5.their 考查代词。设空处后是名词imagination,故用形容词性物主代词their。 6.his 考查代词。句意:由于他的名气,Walt Disney认为如果人们知道土地是卖给知名的Walt Disney的话,价格一定会大涨。设空处指的是Walt Disney本人的名气,因此用形容词性物主代 词his。 7.the 考查冠词。这里表特指,故用定冠词the。,Passage 2 When we think about the daily habits and how they affect the environment, we focus on how much water and electricity we use, or if we choose a bike instead of a car when going outside. But even the smallest things can have 1 huge impact on our planet. Take plastic straws (吸管) for example.We often use them when enjoying a cold drink during our lunch or dinner, but Litterati, an app, shows that plastic straws are 2 sixth most common form of litter in the world. “Every day, 3 (America) throw away 500 million plastic straws, which are enough to circle 4 Earth twice,” CNN reported. The plastic straws cant be recycled. And even worse, 5 takes up to 200 years for each one to be broken down. To deal with the problem, a lawmaker in California, the US, introduced a bill late last month to re- duce the use of plastic straws. Soon a waiter in California who gives a customer a plastic straw without being requested will be breaking the law. The penalty (惩罚) will be up to six months in jail, a $1,000 fine or a 6 (combine) of both, USA Today reported. “We need to raise 7 (aware) of the issue of plastic straws and their effects on our waterways and oceans,” Ian Caldron, who introduced the bill, said in a statement。,答案 语篇解读 本文为议论文,以塑料吸管的问题为例论述了保护环境的重要性。 1.a 考查冠词。句意:但是即使是最小的事情也能对我们的星球有很大的影响。impact 为可 数名词,此处表泛指,huge以辅音音素开头,因此填a。 2.the 考查冠词。序数词前要加定冠词the,因此设空处填the。 3.Americans 考查名词。此处表示美国人每天扔掉五亿根塑料吸管。American为可数名词, 故填Americans。 4.the 考查冠词。当earth表示地球时,作为世界上独一无二的物体,前面需加定冠词the。 5.it 考查代词。此处考查固定句式:it takes+时间+to do sth.做某事花费多长时间。 bination 考查名词。设空前有冠词a,因此应用所给词的名词形式,故填combination。 7.awareness 考查名词。设空处应填名词作宾语。aware加后缀ness构成名词,因此填aware- ness。,Passage 3 Nigugu in Xunxian Xunxian is located in northern Henan Province and was a garrison county for the peasant uprising at 1 end of the Sui dynasty. Some of the soldiers were good at making clay sculptures and created many figures in memory of those who unfortunately had been killed in battle. When the revolution succeeded, many 2 (soldier) who had been dismissed settled in the area and handed down the craft of creating clay figurines. Nigugu are made into a variety of animal and bird 3 (figure) and range in size from 4cm to 20 cm. But 4 (they) modest size is in contrast to their wonderful appearance. The background color is usually black but sharp contrasts are formed with bright motifs painted in red, yellow, green and other lively colors. The special thing about the clay figures in Xunxian is that they can be whistled: There are two small holes on the body that make 5 “coo-coo” sound when blown into.,答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文,主要描述了中国河南省浚县泥咕咕这种民间艺术的起源和特征 等。 1.the 考查冠词。固定搭配at the end of表示“在结束时/尽头”,故填the。 2.soldiers 考查名词。由空前many可知设空处应为可数名词的复数形式,soldier变复数形式 为规则变化,直接加s。 3.figures 考查名词。由空前a variety of可知设空处应为可数名词复数形式,figure直接加s变 成复数形式。 4.their 考查代词。因为空后中心词size为名词,所以此处应用形容词性物主代词,故填their。 5.a 考查冠词。句意:这个泥人的身体上有两个小洞,当吹这两个小洞的时候,它们会发出 “咕咕”声。此处泛指泥咕咕可以发出的声音,故填a。,考点一 名词,历年高考试题汇编,1.(2018天津,6)The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.,答案 possibility 句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命,这一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外 太空。考查名词。设空处在句中作主语,故填名词。possibility可能,可能性,其后为that引导的 同位语从句。,2.(2018江苏,32)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the (as- sume) youve made.,答案 assumption 句意:要努力去弄明白实际上正在发生的事,而不要根据自己的假设就采 取行动。根据语境和设空处前的定冠词the可知此处要用所给单词的名词形式。assumption 假定;假设。,3.(2017江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical inci- dents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.,答案 explanations 句意:恐龙灭绝未必是由天体事故造成的,但是也很难找到其他的解释。 设空处在此处作句子的主语,要用其名词形式。根据系动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形 式。,4.(2016浙江,4 )It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may af- fect your credit.,答案 electricity 句意:按时交电费很重要,因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题考查名 词作定语。名词作定语时,常用其单数形式,故答案为electricity。,5.(2016江苏,24)Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.,答案 happiness 句意:你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的秘诀吗?确切地说,就是充实 地度过每一天。介词后需用名词形式,happiness作“幸福”讲,为不可数名词,故答案为happi- ness。,6.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.,答案 adjustments/adjustment 句意:有些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持 一致。设空处作动词make的宾语,故需用名词,adjustment既可为可数名词也可为不可数名词, 在本句中表示泛指,而设空处前没有冠词,故可填adjustments/adjustment。,7.(2015江苏,35)Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave. Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my (apologize).,答案 apology/apologies 句意:戴夫,去向你妈妈道歉。我想去,但是我怕她并不会 对我的道歉感到满意。设空处前为形容词性物主代词,故设空处应为名词形式。,8.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.,答案 stress 句意:减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。设空处作动词 reduce的宾语,故用名词形式。reduce stress减压。,9.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some (think)and then let me know.,答案 thought 句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案,考虑一下然后再让我知道。some后需用 名词形式,而thought作“考虑,思索”讲时为不可数名词,故答案为thought。give sth.thought考 虑某事。,10.(2014安徽,29)Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? Thats a good (suggest).,答案 suggestion 句意:如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手车呢? 那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式,设空处前有不定冠词,故设空 处填suggestion。,1.(2019天津,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.,考点二 代词,答案 those 句意:研究表明参加课外活动的学生比那些不参加的学生更快乐。此处用those 替代复数名词the students。,2.(2017天津,11) was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.,答案 It 句意:就在我返回我的公寓的时候,我第一次偶遇了我的新邻居。根据语境和结构 可知,本句考查强调句式,被强调部分为when引导的时间状语从句,根据基本结构“It is/was. that.”可知设空处填It。,3.(2016浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.,答案 that 句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查替代 词。首先将原句改为:In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from the education system in the UK.然后考虑用that代替特指的单数名词。,4.(2015天津,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.,答案 that 句意:这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质量)好。本句需用that 替代the quality of education,以避免重复。,5.(2015浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?,答案 it 句意:如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目,而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关了, 你觉得怎样?表示“喜欢、热爱、憎恨”的动词后常加it再加that,if或when引导的从句。,6.(2015重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure.,答案 nobody 句意:会议将在9月份召开,但是没有人知道确切日期。根据题干中的but可知 此处应该用表示否定意义的nobody。,7.(2015陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .,答案 other 句意:为了使自己暖和,那个水手坐在炉火前面赤着脚互相摩擦。the other两者 中的另一个。,8.(2015四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.,答案 non