（北京专用）2020届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法填空课件.pptx

第一部分 语言知识运用 专题一 语法填空,高考英语 (北京市专用),A组 自主命题北京卷题组 (2019北京) A On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 (voice)my biggest concern to my mother,“How will I make friends?” She handed me advice, “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and be- come part of the real world. Nervously 2 (face)challenges, I know I will whisper to 3 (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. B Earth Day, 4 (mark)on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about en-,五年高考,vironmental protection. First celebrated 5 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in vari- ous 6 (activity)on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save powerthe possibilities are endless. C Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question 7 (suggest)that, for most students, it doesnt. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 (meaning)college experience.,答案 A 语篇解读 本文为记叙文,主题语境是人与自我。本文有助于提升学生自身素养,拥有正确 处理问题的能力。本文记述了作者从自己一年级的经历中学到:在面对困难时,要做好自己。 1.voiced 考查时态。根据上文On the first day of my first grade可知此处是指发生在过去的事 情,故用一般过去时。 2.facing 考查现在分词。句意:当紧张地面对挑战的时候,我知道我将低声对自己说这两个简 单的词“Be yourself”。现在分词facing作状语,解释说明在什么情况下说“Be yourself”。 3.myself 考查反身代词。此处指低声对自己说,句子的主语和宾语指同一个人,故设空处应 该填myself。 B 语篇解读 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自然。本文旨在提升学生的环保意识。文章介 绍了地球日,并且倡议我们每个人尽一份力,让我们的地球变得更好。 4.marked 考查过去分词。marked为过去分词,在句中作定语,说明地球日被庆祝的时间。,5.in 考查介词。句意:地球日首次庆祝于1970年,现在它包括在190多个国家和地区举办的活 动。具体在哪一年用介词in。 6.activities 考查名词。句意:无论你想做什么,在地球日这一天,都有一种参与各种活动的方 式。根据句中various可知,设空处应用名词的复数形式。 C 语篇解读 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自我。文章提到大学生在大学期间怎么做,做什 么很重要,积极参加大学的各种活动会让学生受益匪浅。 7.suggests/suggested/has suggested 考查时态。句意:对这个问题的研究表明,对大部分学生来 说无所谓。根据it doesnt可知是现在的情况,故suggest用一般现在时或现在完成时,但该从句 所表达的是客观事实,故主句谓语动词用一般过去时也可以。 8.where 考查名词性从句。句意:学生们在大学里所做的事似乎要比他们上哪所大学重要得 多。设空处引导宾语从句,该从句缺少地点状语,故填where。 9.who/that 考查定语从句。句意:从大学中最受益的学生是那些全力地参与学术生活,同时充 分利用大学机会和资源的人。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词在从句中作 主语,指代学生,故此处填关系代词who或that。,10.meaningful 考查形容词。为健康且有意义的大学经历做必要的准备,越早越好。college experience 是名词短语,应该用形容词来修饰,且设空处所填词和healthy并列,故设空处应用 meaning的形容词形式meaningful。,长难句 The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academ- ic life,taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources.从大学中最受益的学生是那 些全力地参与学术生活,同时充分利用大学机会和资源的人。 这是一个主从复合句。主句是The students benefitting most from college are those。those 是先 行词,who are totally engaged in academic life是定语从句。taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources为现在分词短语作状语,补充说明学生所做的活动。,B组 统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组,Group 1 Passage 1(2019课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfound- land. While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence 1 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 3 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 4 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 8 (high) than they actually are. Of 9 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.,答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物。文章介绍了北 极熊的分布区域和北极熊数量的变化情况。 1.that 考查同位语从句。虽然在北纬88度以北很少见到北极熊,但是有证据表明它们在整个 北极地区活动,向南甚至远到加拿大的詹姆斯湾。设空处引导同位语从句,说明evidence的内 容,该从句不缺少任何成分,所以要用that引导。 2.poorly 考查副词。因为对许多区域调查得不够充分,所以很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。 设空处单词修饰动词studied,故用其副词形式poorly。 3.of/for 考查介词。现代化的跟踪调查北极熊数量的方法在20世纪80年代中期就开始被采 用。methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。 4.to perform 考查不定式。这些方法大面积持续使用起来,费用很高。sth. be+adj.+to do,其中 不定式作状语,与sth.是动宾关系。 5.have reported 考查动词时态和主谓一致。最近几年,生活在Nunavut的一些因纽特人报告 说他们在人类居住区周围看到北极熊的次数增加了。设空处是句子的谓语动词,根据时间状 语In recent years可知,时态为现在完成时,主语some Inuit people为复数形式,故填have reported。,6.belief 考查名词。这些报告使人们相信北极熊的数量正在增长。设空处作leading to的宾 语,且前面有不定冠词a修饰,故用所给动词的名词形式belief。 7.noting 考查非谓语动词。科学家们对此作出了回应,他们指出饥饿的北极熊可能正在人类 的定居点附近聚集。设空处作介词by的宾语,故用v.-ing形式,即by doing sth.通过做某事。 8.higher 考查比较级。这就造成了北极熊数量比它们实际数量要多的错觉。根据空后的 than可知,此处要用形容词的比较级形式higher。 9.the 考查冠词。句意:在被认出来的19个北极熊亚群中,有3个数量在降低,有6个是稳定的,1 个在增加,还有9个缺少足够的数据。设空处在本句中表示特指,故填定冠词the。 10.are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据设空处前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知,本空需用 一般现在时;主语是six(subpopulations),故填are。,长难句 While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.虽然在北纬88度以北很少见到北极熊,但是有证 据表明它们在整个北极地区活动,向南远到加拿大的詹姆斯湾。 这是一个主从复合句。while引导的是让步状语从句,that引导同位语从句,说明evidence的内 容。,Passage 2(2019课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1 (be) Britains oldest full- time employeestill working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4 (declare) she had no plans 5 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7 because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We dont have any idea who put Grandma forward. When we got a call 8 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 9 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its 10 (wonder).”,答案 语篇解读 本文是记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为社区生活和生命的意义 与价值。文章介绍了90岁的英国全职员工Irene Astbury坚持每天朝九晚五地在自己和丈夫开 的宠物店上班而荣获“年度女性”称号的感人故事。本文旨在培养学生热爱劳动、终生奉 献的高尚劳动观。 1.being 考查非谓语动词作介词宾语。句意:一位90岁的老人因为是英国最年长的全职雇员 而被评为“年度女性”。她仍然一周工作40个小时。设空处作前面介词for的宾语,故此处需 填名词或动名词形式。又因所给词为be,故应填其动名词形式being。 2.which 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先 行词the pet shop。将先行词代入定语从句后为:She opened the pet shop with her late husband Les.由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,且指“事物”,故填which。 3.finally 考查副词。句意:在一位客户提名她为柴郡的年度女性之后,她多年的努力工作终 于得到了认可。根据文章中的句子结构可知,设空处修饰谓语动词,作状语,需要用所给词的副 词形式。故填finally。,4.declared 考查时态。本句为主从复合句。设空处作proud Irene的谓语动词。后面的she had no plans.为宾语从句。根据上下文可知,设空处的谓语动词应该用一般过去时,故填declared。 5.to retire 考查非谓语动词作定语。设空处作前面名词plans的定语。名词plan, ability等后面 多用不定式作定语。故填to retire。 6.have made 考查时态。句意:我喜欢到这里来看我的家人和我多年来交的所有朋友。 friends后为定语从句。根据后面的时间状语over the years可知,设空处应该用现在完成时,故 填have made。 7.but 考查连词。句意:我工作不是因为我必须工作,而是因为我想工作。根据句子意思可知, 设空处与前面的not构成“not.but.”(不是而是)结构。故填but。 8.saying 考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:当我们接到一个说她入围了的电话时,我们认为这 是个玩笑。设空处作a call的后置定语。名词call与动词say之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现 在分词saying,相当于which said。 9.a 考查冠词。joke为可数名词,意为“玩笑”,在此处表示泛指,故填a。 10.wonderful 考查形容词作表语。设空处作前面系动词is的表语,表示It的特征,故填wonderful。,Passage 3(2019课标全国) On our way to the house, it was raining 1 hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 2 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6 (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.,答案 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会交往。作者一行人 冒雨来到了游玩的目的地。在这里作者受到了主人的热情接待。本文旨在培养学生的文化 意识。 1.so 考查副词。此处为“so+adv.+that.”结构,意为:如此以至于,其中that引导结 果状语从句。 2.to get 考查非谓语动词。It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。故 填to get。 3.of 考查介词。首先迎接我们的是一群狗的叫声。a pack of dogs一群狗。 4.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词their masters。将先行词代入定语 从句后为:Their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.由此可知关系词在从 句中作主语,所以要用关系代词who。 5.recommended 考查动词的时态。设空处与前面的shared是并列连词and连接的两个并列的 谓语动词,也应用一般过去时。,petition 考查名词。设空处作know of的宾语,结合空前的an interesting可知,此处应该用 所给词的名词形式competition。 7.traditional 考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词,故用所给词的形容词形式traditional。 8.hugely 考查副词。设空处修饰后面的形容词,故用程度副词hugely。 9.were invited 考查动词的时态和语态。设空处是句子的谓语动词,由语境可知时态应为一 般过去时,该动作与主语we之间是被动关系,故填were invited。 10.listening 考查非谓语动词。设空处在此处作状语,表示伴随状况。该动作与主语we之间 在逻辑上是主动关系,故填listening。另外,由此处与and后的meeting的并列关系也可快速判断 出此处应用现在分词形式。,高级语块 cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事,长难句 When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an in- teresting competition to watch, together with the story behind it.在他们不工作的时候,他们会邀 请我们去参加一些当地的活动,让我们了解了一项观看起来非常有趣的比赛,还有这项比赛背 后的故事。 本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句;主句中由并列连词and连接两个并列的谓 语动词invited和let。,Group 2 Passage 1(2018课标全国) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long)than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 2 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die)early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be)more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise.its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.,答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。 1.longer 句意:根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比非跑步者的寿命要长3年。根据题 干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式,故填longer。 2.to see 句意:你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很久。本题考查非谓语动词。 由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式to see。 3.dying 句意:你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重,但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的危险。本题 考查非谓语动词。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。 4.is 句意:虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑 步对延长寿命更有效。本题考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论,需 用一般现在时;再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。 5.than 本题考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than,意为 “比”。,6.that/which 句意:该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究,这项研究表明每天只 跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。本题考查定语从 句。先行词为study,指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The study showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作 主语,故填that或which。 7.causes 本题考查名词的“数”。cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知 设空处填名词复数形式,故填causes。 8.strengthen 句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿部肌 肉。设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号to后填动词原形strengthen。 9.energetic 设空处作表语,表示主语的特征,故填形容词energetic。 10.it/running 句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同 样的收益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it 代替上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。,Passage 2(2018课标全国) Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 3 (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来,随着中国人的饮食结构的变化,在中国种植 玉米的数量显著增加,而种植水稻的数量下降了。 1.has grown 句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一 致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown。 2.the 句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。 本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。 3.actually 句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米有很重要的一个 作用就是,用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形 式actually。 4.to improve 句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因是:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高 水质。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动 词不定式作目的状语。,5.than 句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。根据句中的less可 知,此处表示比较,故使用介词than。 6.pollution 句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更 安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。 7.global 句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容 词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。 8.started 句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年 政府启动了土壤检测项目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 200 5,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。 9.that/which 本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为program,指物,关系词在从句中作主 语,故使用关系代词that或which。 10.feeding 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使 用现在分词作时间状语。,长难句 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has in- creased only 7 percent. 在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增 长了7%。 本句中while为并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示对比,意为 “然而,而”。,Passage 3(2018课标全国) Im not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 5 (challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they)alive. True to gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying:“Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10 (stay) and watch.,答案 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的近距离接触。尽管大猩猩表现得很 凶猛,但它们并非是好斗的动物。 1.who 此处表示“我不确定谁更感到害怕”。本题考查宾语从句。“ is more fright- ened”为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,故填who。 2.the 句意:出乎意料的是,我正与那只大猩猩面对面,它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。本题考查冠 词。at the top of ones lungs意为“声嘶力竭地”。 3.loudest 句意:它尖叫的声音最大。本题考查副词最高级。根据句意及本句中的“of all” 可知设空处填副词最高级,故填loudest。 4.looking 句意:我迅速弯下身,低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。本 题考查非谓语动词作宾语。动词avoid后须用动名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻辑上的主 动关系,故填动名词looking。 5.challenged 本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语he与challenge(挑战)为逻辑上的被动关系,故 填过去分词形式challenged。,6.scientist 句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。本题考查名词。设空处作表语,说明主 语的身份;根据提示词science可知填scientist。 7.for 句意:我正在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。本题考查动词短语。search for为动词短语,意为“搜寻”。 8.them 本题考查代词。设空处指代从句中的the gorillas,以避免重复,故填them。 9.meant 句意:大猩猩确实有不好斗的本性,那只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。本题考查 时态。根据上下文可知,本空用一般过去时,故填meant。 10.to stay 句意:一旦它的信息传递了,它就允许我待在那里观察(它们)。本题考查非谓语动 词作宾补。allow后须加不定式作宾补;又因为宾语me与stay为逻辑上的主动关系,故填to stay。,A组 20172019年高考模拟考点基础题组,三年模拟,Group 1 Passage 1(2019北京西城一模) A I often help my mom cook and baked chicken is my favorite thing to make. One day, when Mom was sick, I tried to make the chicken all by myself. I washed the chicken and put it in a pan in the oven 1 (bake). When the bell rang to tell me the chicken was done, I opened the oven door. Guess what? The chicken was not cooked! I started to laugh. I forgot to turn 2 the oven! Did you know what I did next? I 3 (order) pizza. Mom was happy I “cooked” by myself and we could eat the pizza together. B Chocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in Central America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs. In fact, cocoa beans were very important to people there. That was 4 they were used as money. In the beginning, cocoa 5 (plant) in Ecuador, which was,for a long time, the worlds number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top 6 (producer) of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa. C Wallaces giant bee is the worlds 7 (large) bee, with a body the size of a human thumb and wings that can spread to about 2.5 inches. This may sound 8 (frighten), but the bee isnt likely to hurt anyone. It uses its large jaws (嘴) to collect a sticky goo, called resin, from trees. The bee 9 (make) its home in termite mounds (白蚁丘) found on trees, using the resin to protect its nest from the termites. Until recently, the bee had been seen b