高考真题语法填空专题

一、 语法填空的考查范围： 1 语境(上下文）； 2 语法： 动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、 固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。,.语法填空题空格设计,纯空格,有提示词,给出了动词的试题,词类词义转换题,1谓语动词（时态和语态、语气） 2非谓语动词 3词类转换,名词:单复数、所有格、词性转换 形容词/副词：比较级或最高级、词性或词义转换 代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 数词：基数词、序数词 （注意：词形变化类，词性不一定要变有可能考查与词根意义相反的派生词：un-,im-,in-,-less）,1代词it或其它代词 2连词或从句的引导词 3介词或表逻辑关系的副词 4冠词(a/an/the/) 5情态动词，强调助动词等 6特殊句式：强调句型it isthat;there be 句型；感叹句型howwhat;倒装句型,知识贮备： 各种词类和句子成分 时态和语态 谓语和非谓语 虚拟语气 特殊句式 简单句、并列句、复合句(三大从句),二、语法填空的能力要求： 1.阅读/理解语篇的能力 2.分析句子结构的能力 3.熟练运用语法的能力 4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。,三、重点复习：掌握句子的基本结构和词法基础、时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句 首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构： （1） 主语+系动词+表语 （2） 主语+谓语 （3）主语+谓语 +宾语（4）主语+谓语 +双宾语 （5） 主语+谓语 +宾语+宾补 其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类： （1） 充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。 （2） 充当谓语的一定是动词。 （3） 充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词、名词、介词短语。 （4） 在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。 （5） 作状语的典型词类是副词 再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类： （1） 用and, but, or, while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。 （2） 用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是带有从句的句子）。 （3） 用who, which, that, when, where, why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。） （4） 用that, if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。,1有提示词。主要是动词、形容词、副词以及名词 动词需要注意动词的时态、语态、人称和数的变化、非谓语动词，虚拟语气。有时可能出现多点的综合，如will be built, has been built ;形容词和副词的相互转换及比较级的运用；名词的单复数，或根据句法要求所进行的各类词类之间的变换等 2无提示词。主要是冠词、介词、代词、连接词、情态动词。首先，要分析句子结构，根据句子结构所缺的成分确定是哪类词。然后，根据全文大意和上下文的逻辑关系来确定什么词。,二、真题发布 （2018全国课标卷I） According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 _ (die) early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.,二、真题发布 （2018全国课标卷I） According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 _ (die) early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. 61.longer. 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that/which 67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic 70. it / running,二、真题发布 （2018全国课标卷II） Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61_ (grow) more corn than rice。 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62 _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 63 _(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64_(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _65_ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased 66_ (pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67_(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 68_ (start) a soil-testing program 69_gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70 _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele.,二、真题发布 （2018全国课标卷II） Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61_ (grow) more corn than rice。 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62 _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve A taste for meat is 63 _(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64_(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _65_ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased 66_ (pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 65. than 66. pollution 67. global 68. started According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67_(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 68_ (start) a soil-testing program 69_gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70 _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele. 69. that/which 70. feeding,二、真题发布 （2018全国课标卷III） Im not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65 (challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) no real harm. He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.,二、真题发布 （2018全国课标卷III） Im not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65 (challenge). 61. who 62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) no real harm. He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch. 66. scientist 67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay,二、真题发布 （2017全国课标卷I） There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.,二、真题发布 （2017全国课标卷I） There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 61. as 62. effects 63. to process 64. are removed 65. a 66. worse 67. is 68. eating 69. careful 70. which,二、真题发布 （2016全国课标卷I） Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_61_(attract). So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I _62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter_66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _70_ other is with mum-she never suspects.,二、真题发布 （2016全国课标卷I） Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_61_(attract). So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I _62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter_66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _70_ other is with mum -she never suspects.,61.attraction,62.was allowed,63.officially,64.to,65.when,66.permitted,67.introducing,68. its,69.days,70. the,二、真题发布 （2016全国课标卷II） If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 50 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.,二、真题发布 （2016全国课标卷II） If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 50 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.,41.greater,42.achievement,43.is,44on,45.as,45. studies,46. regularly,48.a,49.to bring,50. make,二、真题发布 （2016全国课标卷II） If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 50 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.,41.greater,42.achievement,43.is,44on,45.as,45. studies,46. regularly,48.a,49.to bring,50. make,They have won five prizes in the competition , making them the best team.,二、真题发布 （2016全国课标卷III） In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan,Korea,41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time,45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces