全国艾滋病检测技术规范.ppt

Get ready to see some pictures,What cause the tragedy?,Our topic: MINAMATA DISEASE & MERCURY 水 俣 病 和 汞,柴歆烨 吕洲 秦嵩 蒋敏娜,Silver Aven Wolf Minmin,Introduction: MINAMATA DISEASE 水俣病,What we now call “Minamata disease” was first observed in communities near Minamata Bay in Southwestern Japan.,The Fact of Minamata Disease,Levels of methylmercury chloride reached 50 ppm in fish and 85 ppm in shellfish obtained from the contaminated areas. One hundred and twenty one persons were poisoned, 46 fatally, from eating the contaminated fish. Dogs, cats, pigs, rats, and birds living around the bay developed classical clinical signs and many died.,The dead fish,The symptom of Minamata Disease,In most cases, first without any apparent signs. numbness of the limbs and the area around the mouth,sensory disturbance, difficulty with hand movements. lack of coordination, weakness and tremor, slowed and slurred speech, ataxic gait, disturbances of vision and hearing. Became aggravated and led to general paralysis, deformity of the limbs, difficulty in swallowing, convulsions, and death.,The Cause of Minamata Disease,For production purposes, the company made use of large amounts of mercury compounds as reaction catalysts. The increased volume of production wastes was discharged into Minamata Bay without any treatment.,It is Mercury,By 1959 it had been demonstrated that the minamata disease was caused by ingestion of fish contaminated by mercury discharged from a chemical manufacturer plant.,About Environmental Mercury,Mercury is a silvery, liquid metal at room temperature. It is sometimes referred to as one of the “heavy metals.“ Like water, mercury can evaporate and become airborne. Because it is an element, mercury does not break down into less toxic substances. Bacteria and chemical reactions in lakes and wetlands change mercury into a much more toxic form known as methylmercury.,This is mercury,Mercury enters the environment from:,A naturally occurring element Natural sources : volcanoes and the weathering of rocks Our intentional uses of mercury Our unintentional releases of mercury :burning fossil fuels and smelting metals A by-product of gold and zinc mining,Hg,Power plants are responsible for 34% of the total mercury emitted by all known sources. More than 99% of that mercury comes from coal-fired power plants.,Pollution Mechanism,Whats worse, mercury can Cross blood-brain barrier as well as placenta barrier, so parents need information in order to protect not only their own health but also the health of their unborn babies.,Major reductions bans in paint and pesticides, phaseouts in batteries , and reductions in industrial uses. Continued effective control of mercury emissions may require a mix of strategies including pollution prevention, materials separation, and conventional regulatory approaches.,Treatment,A Biologically Mediated Mercury Cycle in Aquatic Systems,Mercury Investigations,Developing Bacteria that Degrade Contaminants,环保小贴示,选用漂白、祛斑化妆品要慎之又慎。要选好的品牌，看清有无特殊化妆品批准文号。 购买荧光灯时，买弯不买直，买细不买粗。就是说，首选节能灯；若买直管型的，就买灯管细的。若能买采用汞丸、汞齐技术的更好。废弃时，千万不要摔