国际市场营销课件英文版chapter3

Chapter 3 History and Geography: Foundation of Culture,1. Lead in: an Panama issue,History of USA intervention,Viewpoints of some Americans to USA,Viewpoints of Panamanians to USA,Historical Sino-US conflicts Domination of part of China,Geographical importance,Panama China,TIME,Formation of Viewpoints,2.Effects of history and geography,attitudes and behaviors,Business opportunities and cross-culture marketing,Historical events,geographical uniqueness,efforts to improve,adaption to it,3. Historical perceptive in global business,Japanese history and Confucian philosophy in which loyalty is to country,Japanese behaviors: 1. A distribution system so difficult for an outsider to develop 2. Decisions made by consensus 3. Loyalty to family, to country, to company, and to social group 4. Cooperation,Answers found in,4.Subjective understanding of history,History help understand why a country behaves as it does it helps define a nations “mission”, how it perceives it neighbors, and how it sees its place in the world.,Understanding any nations business and political culture is the subjective perception of its history, with biases and SRC,(Self reference criterion) the unconscious reference to ones own cultural values or ones home country frame of reference.,5.Establish a historical perspective,To understand a countrys attitudes, prejudices, and fears, it is necessary to look beyond the surface of current events to the inner subtleties of the countrys entire past for clues.,Population Resource, climate, surface, neighboring countries Efforts made for improvement,Culture Industries, Economy,6. Geography and Global Markets,7.Climate and Topography,Climate,Use and Function,Product Fitness,Consuming Seasons,Distribution Barrier,Topographic Variation,Infrastructure Construction,8.Climate difference and adaptation to it,Climate difference Africa Europe Adaptation to climate difference,9.Topography barrier and improvement of it,Geographic barrier South America 48% is jungle and forest, 5% arable; separation by mountain ranges with high altitute of 4000m, population concentrate on outer periphery. China,Russia, India,and Canada,10.Topography barrier and improvement of it,Improvement of Geographic barrier Europe English Channel Sweden-Denmark bridge South America(Argentina, Brazil,Paraguay, and Uruguay) Colonia Bridge in South America ,11.Geography, Nature, and Economic Growth,Unprivileged countries suffer economic stagnation, many among poorest countries. -Most people live and work as they do because the resources of their part of country have opened certain opportunities and closed others.,12.Geography, Nature, and Economic Growth,Overcoming nature barriers, with social and environmental cost. Displacement Silt clog (in reservoir) Ecosystem,13.Geography, Nature, and Economic Growth,Problems in process of development: Disruption of ecosystem Inadequate hazardous waste management Relocation of people Industrial pollution Extractive growth,14.Geography in Some Typical Countries,15.Social Responsibility &Environmental Management,Manufacturing plants see regulations everywhere against pollution(industrial wastes) and the disposal of hazardous waste. Strengthen environmental crisis Whether economic development and protection for the environment can coexist.,16.Social Responsibility &Environmental Management,Sustainable development Wise resource management, Equitable distribution of benefits, Reduction of negative efforts on people and the environment from the process of economic growth.,There is a crucial and potentially positive link between economic development and the environment. The costs of inappropriate economic policies on the environment are very high. Addressing environmental problems requires that poverty be reduced. Economic growth must be guided by prices that incorporate environmental values. Since environmental problems pay no respect to borders, global and regional collaboration is sometimes needed to complement national and regional regions.,17. Sustainable Development: Key Propositions that Serve as a Foundation for Practice,18,Resources,Human labor provides the preponderance of energy in underdeveloped countries,Importance of oil and gas in world energy consumption,Other energy resources: wood, nuclear power, oceans tides, geothermal power, sun.,19.World energy consumption,20.Dynamics of Global Population Trends,People CONSTITUTE markets for various categories of goodsChanges in the composition and distribution of the population will affect future demand.,Necessary to know about: (1) rural/urban population shifts (2) rates of growth (3) age levels, and (4) population control (5) rural-urban migration of world population (6) population decline and aging (7) worker shortage and immigration,Russia-China Oil Plan,Russia-China Oil Plan,21.Rural & Urban Population, 19962030,22.Change in world population,The developing worlds population is increasing while the industrialized worlds is declining.,23. World Population by Major Areas & Life Expectancy,24. Percentage of World Population by Age-Group Density,Knowledge about trade routes over land, sea, and air important in making marketing decisions The majority of world trade is among the most industrialized and industrializing countries of Europe, North America, and Asia Need to be aware about communication linksthe underpinning of all commerce Impact of the Internet revolution especially for global marketing of products,25. World Trade Routes and Communication Links,26. World Trade Routes and Communication Links