中考英语语法虚拟语气课件.ppt

虚拟语气,表示说话人的所说的话不是事实， 一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)； 一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句 等名词性从句中)。 I wish you were more careful . 但愿你更细心一些。,条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。 真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。 非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的， 与事实相反的情况。 If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. If I were a bird, I would fly to America.,非真实条件句,If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. （事实是：我没有时间） 我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。 If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account. （事实是：我并不是你） 我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。,非真实条件句,If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. （假设的情况不大可能发生） 要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。 Even if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage. （说话人不希望假设的情况发生） 即使他们万一失败，他们也不会泄气。,第一部分：if引导的虚拟语气,一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,虚拟条件句,主句,If+主语+ Ved （be用were),If+主语+had + V过分,If+主语+ Ved （be用were) If+主语+were to+ V原 If+主语+should + V原,主语wouldV原 (should/could/might),主语would V原(should/could/might),主语wouldhave + V过分(should/could/might),I would buy an expensive car. I would buy a villa. I would travel around the world.,If I won the lottery,现在事实相反,If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .,had had,would have gone,过去事实相反,If he_ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,Mark: 100,I _ a party for you .,should get,If you,_ _ _,got,Were to get,a full mark next time,将来时相反,would hold,If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. If it rained tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.,现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,虚拟语气,If型特例1：混杂条件句：,定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同,If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.,与过去相反,与现在相反,各自为准,虚拟语气,If型特例2：省略 if 的条件从句：,用法：从句中有 were, had 或 should 时， 省略if ，而把它们放在句首。,3. If you had not helped me，I should have failed.,2. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.,1. If I were you, I would not do that.,Were I you, I would not do that.,Should he failed in the experiment this time, he would try again.,Had you not helped me, I should have failed.,第二部分：宾语从句的虚拟,Wish 的宾语从句,现在： 过去： 将来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.,I wish I were a bird I wish I hadnt made such a mistake We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.,1. 在wish的宾语从句中,用于宾语从句,I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.,I wish I were a bird. I wish I could fly like a bird. I wish every day were my birthday.,现在时,He wish he hadnt eaten so much watermelon. I wish the lunch time would come soon. I wish it would rain tomorrow.,过去时,将来时,第三部分：建议、命令等的虚拟,2.在表示建议，要求，命令的词 command（命令）, demand（要求）, desire（希望，要求）, insist（坚持）, order（命令）, propose（提议）, recommend（推荐）, request（要求）, require（要求）, suggest（建议），后的宾语从句中： “(should) +动词原形” e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately.,一个坚持insist ， 两个命令order, command ， 三个建议advise, suggest, propose 四个要求demand , require, request, desire 注：以上动词的名词形式用于从句中，从句中的动词也是用“(should) + 动词原形”,名词形式,suggestion（建议）, motion（动议）, proposal（提议）, order（命令）, recommendation（推荐）， advice (建议) , instruction (指示、指令) idea（想法）,Eg,He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。 They requested that we ( should ) send a delegation to their country. 他们请求我们派一个代表团到他们国家去。 I suggested that he ( should ) set off for our headquarters straightaway . 我建议他马上动身去我们的总部。,The instruction was that nobody be allowed to go to sleep until further orders. 指示要求，任何人不得在接到进一步的命令之前去睡觉。 My suggestion is that he leave for London at once . 我的建议是他立即动身去伦敦。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should )put on a play at the English evening? 他的建议是我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样？,My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others. We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off（延期）.,第四部分：典型习题,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed,Exercises,A,2. If I knew you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met,D,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen,B,4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell,A,5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,B,6. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been,A,7. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,B,8. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had,D,PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they _ (be) here,they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again,what _ (happen) to our people on earth? c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position,I _(ask) for teachers help.,were,would take,broke,would happen,were not,could be,were,would ask,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ _ (pass) it already. f. If you (get) up earlier, you _ _ (catch) the first train. g. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ _ (go) to the concert together.,had been,would have passed,had got,