高中英语语法讲解主谓一致课件.ppt

Subject-Verb Agreement 主谓一致,Grammar,主谓一致，即句子的谓语动词的单复数要和句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致。,原则,语法一致,意义一致,就近一致,主谓一致,I.并列结构作主语时,II.集体名词作主语时,III.表示数量概念的名词词组作主语时,IV.表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语时,V.以s为结尾的名词词组做主语时,主谓一致,VI.“the+形容词/过去分词作主语时,VII.从句,V-ing形式,不定式作主语时,用 and 或 bothand 连接两个不同概念的名词或主语时动词要用复数谓语.,A young man and a girl _ (want) to go there. The singer and the writer _ (be) famous to many people. Both brother and sister _ (be) students.,(I)1.,want,are,are,当and连接的为同一人、事或概念时，这时and后的名词前没有冠词，其动词用单数.,The singer and writer _ (be) famous to every one. A knife and fork _ (be) on the table. Bread and butter _ (be) a good kind of food.,2.,常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：the needle and thread, salt and water, the fork and knife, soup and water, iron and steel等。,is,is,is,当两个并列的名词前有each, every, no, many a等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式.,Every boy and every girl_ (go ) to school now. No sound and no voice _ (be) heard. Each man and each woman _ (have) work.,3.,goes,was,has,以连词or,eitheror,nor,neither nor，not onlybut (also).连接的名词或代词作主语和“There be”句型中谓语与其相邻的保持一致，即就近一致。,Tom or you _ (have) to go there. Neither Mary nor I _ (be) wrong. Not only I but also my sister _ (want) to work here. There _ (be) a book and two pens on the desk. There _ (be) two pens and a book on the desk.,4.,have,am,wants,is,are,当主语后接 with,together with,along with,but ,as well as,like,rather than,except, besides,including等介词短语时，谓语动词仍与前面的主语一致，即就远原则。,A man with his dog _ (come) every day to our house. No one but Jack and Mary _ (want) to go to the park. Jack as well as his friends _ (be) ready to help you.,comes,wants,is,5.,当集合名词group,class,team,army family,crowd,public,government等 作主语时，如视为整体，谓语动词用单 数，视为一个个的个体，就用复数。,My family _ (be) a large one. My family all _ (love) music. Our group _ (be) reading the newspapers. This group _ (be) the best one.,(II).,is,love,are,is,注：有些集合名词如people、cattle等在任何情况下都与复数形式搭配, people（民族）除外。,“百分数/分数+of+名词”结构，谓语 形式要与of后边的名词保持一致。,Twenty percent of the workers in the factory _ (be) women. Seventy percent of the water _ (be) polluted. Three-fourths of the earths surface _ (be) covered by water.,are,was,is,(III)1.,表示重量、距离、金钱、一段时间及由one and a half修饰的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：,Ten years _ (be) a long time. Five times five _ (be) twenty-five. One and a half apples _ (be) lying on the plate.,2.,is,is,is,当主语是“all,some,most,none+of+名词”结构表示非确定数量时,谓语动词要,Most of my money _ (be) stolen. Most of the students _ (be)present at the meeting. All of the work _ (have) been done. All of them _ (be)saved.,(IV)1.,was,were,has,were,与of 后的名词保持一致,Many a, more than one+单数名词构成的短语做主语，尽管意义上是复数，但谓动词仍用单数。,Many a student _ (have) that kind of chance. More than one student _ (believe) this story. More than one shop _ (be) stolen last night.,2.,has,believes,was,Translation,不只一个学生看过那部电影。 很多房子已被暴风雨摧毁了。,More than one student has seen the film.,Many a house has been damaged in the storm.,若主语是由“a/this+kind/sort/type of+名词”构成，谓语动词用,This kind of man _ (annoy使生气) me. This sort of apples _ (be) expensive. That type of men _ (be) dangerous.,3.,但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定词是these/those，同时of后的名词又是复数，则谓语动词用复数。,These kinds of men _ (annoy) me.,annoys,is,is,annoy,单数。,(V).名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。,“The+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数.,The poor _ (be) to be helped. The wounded _ (be) being taken good care of. Chinese _ (be) difficult to learn. The Chinese _ (be) very hard working. There is an old man and a young man in the room now. The old _ (be) the father of the young.,are,are,is,are,is,(VI),(VI) 从句、不定式、-ing形式做主语的主谓一致,What we need _ (be) more time. What we need _ (be) doctors.,1. 在以what从句作主语的”主系表“结构中 主句的谓语动词要以表语名词的单复数而定。,is,are,2. 动词不定式、-ing形式做主语， 谓语动词用,To learn English well _ (be) difficult.,is,is,is,Seeing _ (be) believing.,Writing stories _ (be) what I enjoy most.,单数。,3.以who, why, how, whether或that引导的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。,Why she did this _ (be) not known.,由how and why, when and where引导的从句做主语时，谓语动词仍用单数。,When and where we will have the meeting _ (have)not been decided.,is,has,Translation.,1.除了我以外没人知道这事。,No one except me knows about it.,2.这个男孩想要的是几本书。,What the boy wants are some books.,3.一千美元太贵。,One thousand dollars is too expensive.,4.The writer and actor comes from America.,这位作家及演员来自美国。,4. 某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。,The news _ (make) us feel very happy.,makes,5. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。,are,is,None of the money_ left. None of the students _ there.,is,is,6. 以a number of（许多），varieties of(各种各样)修饰名词 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of （的数量）和the variety of （的种类）修饰名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.,7. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。,8. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here.,quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如: Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量”。,9. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.,1). He is one of the players who _ taken the first prize. (have) 2). He is the only one of the players who _ taken the first prize. (have),have,has,Please make the best choice!,历年高考题 The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; wa