03外文参考资料及译文.pdf

毕毕 业业 设设 计（论计（论 文）文）外外 文文 参参 考考 资资 料料 及及 译译 文文 译文题目：译文题目： Chinese Architectural Aesthetic Art 学生姓名：学生姓名： 张天诚 学学 号：号： 1106104022 专专 业：业： 建筑学 所在学院：所在学院： 建筑工程学院 指导教师：指导教师： 童忻 职职 称：称： 副教授 2012013 3 年年 1212 月月 3030 日日 原文： Chinese architectural aesthetic art World civilizations, stand tall, great country on the continent of east Asia - China, with nine hundred and sixty square kilometers of the vast land, more than one 5 of the worlds total population, 56 ethnic groups and more than three thousand years of recorded history, created the unique Chinese civilization. Chinese architectural art is particularly beautiful a tree of Chinese civilization, as one of the worlds three big building system, with the west and islamic buildings, proudly based among the cultures of the world. Chinas earliest prehistoric architecture, was born in about 10000 years ago since the turn of the old and the new Stone Age, namely primitive agriculture began to appear, people settle for began to strengthen. In the long development process, China building always maintain its own unique character. From all of its history, can be separated three big stages: Confucianism deeply to the Qin and Han dynasties, is the germination and growth stage, the Qin dynasty and the western Han dynasty is the first climax of development; Through the song after the sui and tang dynasties, Wei and Jin dynasty is the peak stage, mature and more brilliant achievements in the tang dynasty, is the second climax; Yuan to the Ming and Qing dynasties is the enrichment and summary stage, the Ming to early Qing dynasty is the third climax. The three stages respectively represented by qin and han dynasties, sui and tang dynasties, the Ming and qing dynasties. Traditional Chinese buildings with han Chinese for the mainstream, based on the soil of Chinas long-term patriarchal society, China building in the palace and the achievement of the highest capital planning, highlight the supreme imperial power of thought and strict hierarchical, embodies the ancient Chinese the dominant political ethics. Peaked dynasty palace has sprout, sui and tang dynasties, the Ming and qing dynasties is more delicate. The capital of the western zhou dynasty has formed a complete planning concept, attaches great importance to the neat symmetry highlights the pattern of the palace, the “bad“ ceremony music of the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, neat pattern is destroyed, revival of the han dynasty began to neat, sui and tang dynasties to complete this process, sui is more rich. Sui and tang dynasties changan, yuan dynasty and the Ming and qing dynasties, Beijing is Chinas history the most famous three imperial city. Chinas major epidemic from India to Buddhism, the buddhist architecture including buddhist temple, pagoda and grottoes, there are stone, stone light etc building sketch. The buddhist architecture in the early affected by India, will soon begin the process of sinicization, embodies the aesthetics and culture of the Chinese character, full of peace and quiet and introverted atmosphere, with the outgoing exposure of western religious buildings, atmosphere turbulence is completely different. Taoism is Chinas indigenous religion, Taoist temple to study buddhist temple, also have the charm of the peace. China building special attention to the beauty of group composition. Group combination often take the method of axisymmetric rigorous composition, but some types such as landscape, some mountain temples, and some houses are adopted combination of freestyle. Either way of composition, attaches great importance to the neutralization, easy, reserved, and deep aesthetic pursuit of personality, and embodies the Chinese national aesthetic habits. Chinese architecture and the rest of the world all building system is given priority to with masonry structure is different, is the only unique charms is given priority to with wood structure system. Structure not only has the significance of engineering technology, the JieGouMei manifested its witty and clever combination and decorative beauty, itself is content of architectural beauty, especially the wood structure system, the significance of their complex and subtle technology, its witty and clever JieGouMei and decorative beauty, manifested in the combination itself is content of architectural beauty, especially the wood structure system, its complex and subtle to the masonry structure, embodies the wisdom of Chinese people. The structure of organic component and further processing of other ancillary components, forming as the unique Chinese architectural decoration, including internal and external decoration, painting, woodcarving, brick, stone and glass, has a very rich and vivid development process. Due to historical reasons, the ancient Chinese did not gave us the architectural theory system of book, but by the high degree of Chinese architecture and its great achievements, prove that Chinese construction not only has it has grown into architectural art theory is very rich in Chinese characteristics, including a complete set of architectural philosophy, also include the building or environment of space and form composition method. Medicinal powder see reach in all sorts of literature and history books, and adopted the “Chinese“ way. Although some have not been the ancients summed up in words, but from a large number of construction work, the people are likely to read one of the hidden information. China building began to sprout from the primitive society, through chow to qin and han dynasties, for the germination and growth stage, can for the generation of the qin and han dynasties. Qin and han dynasties buildings in chow has been initially formed some important artistic features on the basis of development, the unification of the qin and han dynasties have promoted the exchange of the central plains and with architectural culture, and building bigger scale, more diverse portfolio. Building type in the capital, qin and han dynasties, the palaces and buildings (ritual architecture) and mausoleum is given priority to, to the han, and the buddhist architecture. Capital planning by the rules of the western zhou dynasty is symmetrical, the pattern of the spring and autumn period and the warring states period to the free beat, and gradually to the neat, to the han was not marked by cao cao yecheng, has completed the process. Corrupt court palace, the scale is huge. Buildings is an important building type of the han dynasty, and its main body is still prevalent since the spring and autumn period and the warring states period the tower building, a crumb, cross axis symmetric combination, large scale, the image is outstanding, the pursuit of symbol meaning. Qin and han dynasties architectural art can overall style, uninhibited “clumsy“ four word to generalize. Roof is very big, have the house slope of the line “the word“, namely “lift off“ or “raising of truss method“ after the preliminary practice, but not much curvature; Corner no cock, presents the energetic plain temperament. Building decoration theme fly fairy the miraculous, loyal minister martyrs, grand and heroic like that. Chinese architecture through the wei jin sui tang and song dynasty, is the peak stage, the development and the sui and tang dynasties represented. Sui and tang dynasties building type with capital, palace, buddhist temples, tombs and gardens. Capital planning has completely neat, imposing manner, the essence of poetry. Huge palace group is organized, space scales, stretch and magnanimous. Sui and tang dynasties essence of single building outside the United States, very stressed that the overall harmony and real, honest plain modelling, have been used more concave curved roof and corner case become warped, very gentle magnanimous, internal space combination change is also very modest. Sui and tang dynasties architectural art style, can be summarized “vigorous“ four words have valuable original spirit, takes the nature beauty, bearing grand calmly, is for the development of Chinese architectural art peak. Sui is the three generations of Chinese architectural art enrich and summary stage, the Ming to early qing dynasty is the third climax. Capital still neat founder, shop in the home is near to the street, look lively. Palace is substantially smaller than the sui and tang dynasties, combination and sequences more rich delicate; National sacrifices to architectural layout in neat formation and detailed; Buddhism in tang dynasty has significantly decline, buddhist temple, the pagoda has ceased to see tang dynasty grand; The practice of the private garden and the royal garden more rich, compared with the former generation, also shows the tendency of numerous fine. State building fully formed, the structure is simplified and decorative. In general, the Ming and qing architectural art can be roughly summed up “fine rich Ru“ four word. 中文译文： 中国建筑美学艺术中国建筑美学艺术 世界文明古国、巍然屹立在东亚大陆的伟大国家中国，拥有九百六十万平方公 里的广袤国土，占世界总数五分之一以上的人口，五十六个民族和超过三千年有文字记 载的历史，创造了独具特色的中华文明。中国建筑艺术是中华文明之树中特别美丽的一 枝，作为世界三大建筑体系之一，与西方建筑和伊斯兰建筑并列，自豪地立足于世界文 化之林。 中国最早的史前建筑，诞生于距今约 10000 年的旧、新石器时代之交，即原始农业 开始出现，人们的定居要求开始增强的时候。在漫长的发展过程中，中国建筑始终保持 了自身的独特性格。从其全部历史，可分出三个大的阶段：商周到秦汉，是萌芽与成长 阶段，秦和西汉是发展的第一个高潮；历魏晋经隋唐而宋，是成熟与高峰阶段，唐代的 成就更为辉煌， 是第二个高潮； 元至明清是充实与总结阶段， 明至清前期是第三个高潮。 这三个阶段可分别以秦汉、隋唐、明清为代表。 中国传统建筑以汉族建筑为主流，基于中国长期的宗法社会土壤，中国建筑以宫殿 和都城规划的成就最高，突出了皇权至上的思想和严密的等级观念，体现了古代中国占 统治地位的政治伦理观。宫殿从夏代已经萌芽，隋唐达到高峰，明清更加精致。西周已 形成了完整的都城规划观念，重视规整对称突出王宫的格局，在“礼崩乐坏”的春秋战 国，规整式格局有所破坏，汉代又开始向规整的复归，隋唐完成此一过程，元明清则更 加丰富。隋唐长安、元大都和明清北京，是中国历史最负盛名的三大帝都。中国主要流 行从印度传入的佛教，佛教建筑包括佛寺、佛塔和石窟，还有石幢、石灯等建筑小品。 佛教建筑在初期受到印度的影响，很快就开始了中国化的过程，体现了中国人的审美观 和文化性格，充满了宁静、平和而内向的氛围，而与西方宗教建筑的外向暴露，气氛动 荡不安完全不同。道教是中国的本土宗教，道观向佛寺学习，同样具有安详的风韵。 中国建筑特别重视群体组合的美。群体组合常取中轴对称的严谨构图方式，但有些 类型如园林、某些山林寺观和某些民居则采用了自由式组合。不管哪种构图方式，都十 分重视对中和、平易、含蓄而深沉的美学性格的追求，体现了中国人的民族审美习惯。 中国建筑与世界其他所有建筑体系都以砖石结构为主不同，是独具风姿的唯一以木结构 为主的体系。结构不但具有工程技术的意义，其机智而巧妙的组合所显现的结构美和装 饰美，本身也是建筑美的内容，尤其木结构体系，其复杂与精微技术的意义，其机智而 巧妙的组合所显现的结构美和装饰美，本身也是建筑美的内容，尤其木结构体系，其复 杂与精微都为砖石结构所不