黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2018_2019学年高一英语12月月考试题（含解析）.docx

哈六中2021届高一上学期12月月考英语试题考试时间120分钟，满分150分。语法词汇部分（每小题1分，共20分）1. Is that old factory _ you often refer to? Right, just the one _ I worked for years.A. the one; that B. one; whichC. what; where D. which; that【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意：-那个旧工厂就是你经常提到的吗？-对，就是我工作多年的那个旧工厂。第一句的主语为that old factory，is是系动词，_ you often refer to为表语从句，表语从句中的refer to后面缺少宾语，名词从句中缺少宾语一般用what，故第一个空填what。第二句the one(=the factory)是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，把先行词放入句中为I worked in the factory for years,要用where,所以选C。2.He has lots of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom B. themC. which D. who【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是a lot of friends，在后面的定语从句中whom指代先行词作为介词of的宾语。Them不能引导定语从句，which所指代的先行词常常是事物，不能是人；who在句中通常作为主语，不做宾语。故A正确。考点：考查定语从句点评：定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。3.The reason _ he gave for his being late was _ the traffic was held back by a car accident.A. why; that B. that; thatC. which; whether D. why; because【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意：他给出的迟到的原因是被车祸耽搁了。分析The reason _ he gave for his being late was _可知the reason 后面是定语从句，the reason要从句中作gave的宾语，所以可以用which或that。Reason在从句中作状语时才用why。第二个空是引导表语从句的关系词，从句中什么也不缺少，故用that引导。第二个空可能会误选because，在正式文体中，“.的原因是因为.时”一般用“the reason .is that.”，而不用“the reasonis because”。因此选B项。【点睛】1.在定语从句中Reason 是先行词时，用哪个关系词要视其在从句中所作的成份而定。如果在定语从句中作状语，可用why或for which,如果作主语或宾语时，可用that或which。This is the reason why（=for which） he got angry. (在定语从句中作状语)这就是他生气的原因。He told us a reason that / which sounded reasonable. (在定语从句作主语)他给我们讲了一个听起来合理的理由。Can you remember the reason he told us last week? (作told的间接宾语，可省去that)你还记得上周他告诉我们的理由吗？2.在表语从句中，如果主句的主语是the reason时，表示“原因是因为.的时候”时，用the reason(why .) is that. 。也就是说，表语从句的引导词一般用that，而不用because，而不是the reasonis because.。如：The reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.我难过的原因是他不理解我。 The reason he told me is that he missed the first bus.他告诉我的原因就是他错过了早班车。4.The policeman _ five days after he had been wounded.A. was dead B. had diedC. has died D. died【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：警察受伤五天后就死了。结合语境可知本句描述的警察的死亡是发生在过去，要用一般过去时。故选D。5.This kind of cloth _ smooth and _ well.A. is felt, sold B. feels, sellsC. feels, is sold D. is felt, sells【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查一般现在时。句意：这种布摸起来光滑，很畅销。本句叙述的是这种布的特性，要用一般现在时。feel 为系动词，意为“摸起来”， 主语是单数用feels，第二空中的sell 为vi.，意为“卖，有销路”，不能用被动。所以选B6. Hey, Ive just taken a photo of you. Really? What a pity! I _.A. didnt look B. hadnt lookedC. havent looked D. wasnt looking【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：-嘿，我刚给你拍了张照片。-真的吗？真可惜！（你拍照时）我没有在看。分析语境可知，本句是说你在给我拍照时，我没有看。在过去的某个时间点动作正在进行，要用过去进行时，因此本句选D项。7.They wanted to charge $5,000 for the car, _ we managed to bring the price down.A. but B. soC. when D. since【答案】A【解析】两个分句之间是转折关系，故用并列连词but。8.I dont allow _ here and I dont allow any of you _ anywhere.A. gambling to gamble B. to gamblegamblingC. gambling gambling D. to gamble to gamble【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查固定用法。句意：我不允许在这里赌博，也不允许你们任何人在任何地方赌博。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”，分析句子的语境可知选A。9._ his failure lies is expected _ clear to us.A. What to make B. How madeC. Where to be made D. Why making【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句及固定搭配。句意：他的失败之处有可能被我们弄清楚。分析句子可知，主语从句中的lie为不及物动词，所以主句中缺少状语，因此填where。expect sth.to do.为固定用法，意为“期望某事发生”，sth. be expected to do.意为”某事有可能发生“。make sth.clear to sb为固定搭配，意为“向某人阐明某事，使某人弄清某事”。本句中make的宾语是where his failure lies是被弄清楚，要用动词不定式的被动形式。因此选C。10._ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.A. Even though B. UnlessC. As long as D. While【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查连接词词义辨析题。 even though即使；unless除非；as long as只要就；While然而，当时候。本句意为“只要我知道这笔钱是安全的，我就不会为它担忧”。根据语境可知，C项符合题意，因此选C。11.As they were classmates, _ was no wonder that they should do the work in the same way.A. this B. thatC. there D. it【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定用法。句意：由于他们是同学，他们以同样的方式做这项工作并不奇怪。its no wonder that +从句为固定句式，意为“不足为奇；并不奇怪”，其中it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。因此本句选D。12.-He speaks French because he lived in France.-Really? How long _ there?A. does he live B. is he livingC. had he lived D. did he live【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：-他说法语是因为他曾在法国生活过。-真的吗？他曾在那儿生活了多久了?根据语意可知，前句的意思是他曾经在法国生活过，现在已经不在那生活了。所以本句问的是他（过去）曾在那生活过多久，是指过去的事，因此要用一般过去时。故选D。13.Who would you rather have _ with you?A. to go B. goneC. go D. went【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定用法。have sb.do为固定用法，意为“使/让某人做某事”。根据语意，可知本句句意为“你宁愿让谁和你一起去？”，因此选C。14.He told us _ he had done after school.A. that all B. all whichC. what all D. all that【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他把放学后所做的事都告诉我们。分析句子可知，told带的双宾语，间接宾语us，直接宾语all，all后面有一个定语从句，all做定语从句中的动词 have done的宾语。因为先行词all为不定代词，所以关系词只能用that，不能用which。因此D项符合题意。本题有可能误选B，是因为没有区别定语从句中which和that的区别。【点睛】定语从句中只能用that不能用which作为定语从句的关系代词的情况。1) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much,f ew, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which.。All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所有需要的都是石油供应。Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最后，小偷把他偷的所有东西都交给了警察。2) 先行词有the only, the very,the just修饰时,只用that。He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water . 他就是那个把女孩从水中救出的人。3) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin .我读的第一本英文书是Mark Twin的王子和穷光蛋。4) 先行词既有人,又有物时。He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited . 他谈到了他参观的老师和学校。5)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复。Who is the person that is standing at the gate ？站在门口的那个人是谁？6)关系代词在从句中做表语。He is not the man that he used to be .他不是以前的那个人了。15._ is troubling me is _ I dont understand _ he saidA. What; that; what B. What; what; whatC. That; that; what D. Why; that; which【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我烦恼的是我不明白他说的话。第一空是主语从句，从句中缺主语，要用What；第二空是表语从句，从句不缺成分，所以要填that；第三空是宾语从句，从句中的动词understand缺宾语，要填what。综合分析可知选A。16.The plan was _ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.A. annoyed B. abandonedC. avoided D. appreciated【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当人们发现这个计划要花费多少钱时，这个计划被放弃了。分析选项（annoy打扰，使烦恼；abandon放弃，抛弃; ；avoid避开，避免；appreciate欣赏，感激），可知只有abandon符合题意，故选B。17.Over a third of the population was estimated to have no _ to the health serviceA. achievement B. accessC. addiction D. approach【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。achievement成就；access入口，出口，接近；addiction上瘾，癖好；approach接近，接近，着手处理。本句句意为“有超过三分之一的人无法享用公共医疗卫生服务”。其中“have(no) access to”为固定词组，意为有(没有)途径/机会进入(享用，使用)的意思。分析语境可知，只有have no access“没有机会享有”符合语境，另外三项都与题意不符。因此B项为正确答案。18.Before graduation, students _ presents with each other.A. equip B. expressC. exchange D. entertain【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。equip配备；express表达；exchange交流，交换； entertain热情款待，怀有。exchange sth with sb为固定搭配，意为“和某人交换某物”。本句句意为“毕业前，学生们互相交换礼物”，所以根据语境可知C项符合题意，故选C项。19.I have been so _ with work that I havent had time for social activities.A. occupied B. observedC. organized D. attracted【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。occupied无空闲的，忙碌的；observed被观察的；organized有组织的，有条理的；attracted被吸引的。句意：我一直忙于学习，以致于没有时间参加社会活动。Be occupied with为固定搭配，意为“忙于做某事”，根据语境可知A项符合题意。20.The economy continue to _, raising fears of further political problems.A. contact B. createC. concentrate D. contract【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经济继续紧缩，进一步引起了人们对未来政治问题的担忧。contact使接触，与联系；create创造，产生；concentrate集中，专心于，注意；contract收缩，订合同。根据后一句“进一步引起对政治问题的担忧”可知，只有经济紧缩了，人们才能担心，故选D。阅读理解（共两节，每题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。第一节（共25小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）AFor tourists holding the Barcelona Card, the information below will be useful if you plan to admire some artworks or architectures there.Sagrada FamiliaOpening hours: 09:00-18:00(October-March); 09:00-20:00(April-September)Admission:11, or 11, or 10 with the Barcelona CardThe projects vast sale and its special design have made it one of Barcelonas top tourist attractions for many years.La PedreraOpening hours: November-February: 09:00-18:30; March-October: 09:00-20:00Admission：$ 9.50. Save 20% with the Barcelona Card.It is a unique modernist building made of bricks and colorful tiles（瓦）. Visitors can see the amazing 800 square meters attic（阁楼）with 270 brick arches that give you a feeling that you are walking inside the skeleton of a whale.Barcelona FC MuseumOpening hours: 6th April-4th October:10:00-20:00;the rest of the year. 10:00-18:30Admission：$8.50 for entry to the museum and $17 for a guided tour.When you buy your ticket you have two options: a ticket for the museum to see the football stadium or a special one for $15 where you get to see the stadium and the scenes at the club.Picasso MuseumOpening hours: Check the website for details as they vary depending on the time of the year.Admission：$9 for main exhibition-extra for special showings. Save 50% with Barcelona Card.The museum has arranged Picassos paintings from his early days to his final works. Arranging the paintings in this way gives you a fascinating insight into the development of Picasso.21. What do we know the tourist attractions mentioned in the passage?A. Sagrada Familia is the largest building in Barcelona.B. La Pedrera is well-known for its colorful material.C. Barcelona FC Museum may attract football fans.D. Picasso Museum offers only one exhibition.22. If you visit the stadium and the club with a tour guide in Barcelona FC museum, you should pay_A. $25.5 B. $34C. $42.5 D. $3223. What do the attractions have in common?A. The Barcelona Card is a must for visiting them.B. They are all famous for their architectural styles.C. Their opening hours are changeable in different seasons.D. Tourists can have a discount of 20% with the Barcelona Card.【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C【解析】文章介绍了几个景点的参观时间，价格及具体参观内容。【21题详解】C细节理解题。根据文中a ticket for the museum to see the football stadium or a special one for $15 where you get to see the stadium and the scenes at the club可知Barcelona FC Museum 可能会吸引足球迷，故选C。【22题详解】D细节推理题。根据文中Admission：$8.50 for entry to the museum and $17 for a guided tour.及 a ticket for the museum to see the football stadium or a special one for $15 where you get to see the stadium and the scenes at the club.可知如果你带着导游参观时需花费15+17=32。故选D。【23题详解】C细节推理题。根据文中Opening hours: 09:00-18:00(October-March); 09:00-20:00(April-September)和Opening hours: November-February: 09:00-18:30; March-October: 09:00-20:00 Opening hours: 6th April-4th October:10:00-20:00;the rest of the year. 10:00-18:30等内容可知这几个景点的开放时间是根据季节的不同是不断变化的。故选C。【名师点睛】一、题型特点与命题方式所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。二、解题思路与应试技巧细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。1、直接信息题对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。如小题1根据文中a ticket for the museum to see the football stadium or a special one for $15 where you get to see the stadium and the scenes at the club可知Barcelona FC Museum 可能会吸引足球迷，故选C。2、间接信息题做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。如小题3根据文中Opening hours: 09:00-18:00(October-March); 09:00-20:00(April-September)和Opening hours: November-February: 09:00-18:30; March-October: 09:00-20:00 Opening hours: 6th April-4th October:10:00-20:00;the rest of the year. 10:00-18:30等内容可知这几个景点的开放时间是根据季节的不同是不断变化的。故选C。3、数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。如小题2根据文中Admission：$8.50 for entry to the museum and $17 for a guided tour.及 a ticket for the museum to see the football stadium or a special one for $15 where you get to see the stadium and the scenes at the club.可知如果你带着导游参观时需花费15+17=32。故选D。4、排列顺序题这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。5、图表图画题在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。BDo you ever wonder why trees begin to bud (发芽) earlier in some cities? Scientists finally found the answer but its not very pleasant. New science suggests a relationship between light pollution and the timing when trees produce buds, which signals the arrival of the spring season.Light pollution is defined by the Lighting Research Center as the unwanted consequence of outdoor lighting such as street lights. Excessive (过多的) man-made light at night results in disturbed natural cycles, and also prevents the observation of stars and planets at night. But its effect on the environment goes beyond that.By studying some trees, researchers found out that trees that are more exposed to artificial lighting at night bud up to 7.5 days earlier than those at the natural nighttime setting. And they found out that light had a more significant effect than temperature when the buds came out. The early budding may cause problems for insects, which feed on leaves, and the birds which then feed on them in turn. Professor Richard, who helped lead the research, explained that more than the budding of trees, the study implies the danger to the balance of the ecosystem. “At the moment, caterpillars (毛毛虫) are timed to hatch to make the most of the opportunities to feed on freshly budded leaves, and birds hatch in time to feed on the young caterpillar,” he said.Migratory (迁徙的) birds are also negatively affected by light pollution. The glare might confuse them and make them lose their flying sense. The phenomenon might explain why some birds accidentally knock into buildings.Such results stress the need to pursue studies that aim to measure the effect of light pollution. If the issue were left to continue, it is estimated that by 2100, spring would begin almost a full month earlier than it does today.24. What will happen if there is too much man-made light?A. Peoples eyesight will be damaged.B. The ecosystem will likely lose its balance.C. No stars or planets may be observed at night.D. Animals living habits may change suddenly.25. How does the early budding affect insects or plants?A. It will cause the rising number of insects.B. It could lead to trees growing fewer leaves.C. It may result in some insects going hungry.D. It might push insects to hatch more slowly.26. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?A. The effect of light pollution is destructive.B. The spring of 2100 will become much longer.C. Light pollution should be taken seriously.D. A further study on light pollution is scheduled.27. What is the suitable title for the passage?A. Why spring comes earlier in some citiesB. Why light pollution needs to be studiedC. How trees early budding takes placeD. How much light is “too much”【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A【解析】本文通过对灯光污染的分析，指出为什么现在春天来得要早一些的原因。【24题详解】B细节理解题。根据第三段尤其是Professor Richard Ffrench-Constant, who helped lead the research, explained that more than the budding of trees, the study implies the danger to the balance of the ecosystem.可知，太多的人造灯光可能使生态系统失去平衡。故选B。【25题详解】C推理判断题。根据第三段The early budding may cause problems for insects, which feed on leaves, and the birds which then feed on them in turn.可以推断出，早发芽造成了生态系统的不平衡，所以导致一些昆虫会被饿死。故选C。【26题详解】C段落大意题。根据最后一段中作者预计，如果这种情况继续下去，到2100年的春天会比现在早到一个月。故作者是想告诉我们要认真对待这个问题。故选C。【27题详解】A主旨大意题。本文通过对灯光污染的分析，指出为什么现在春天来得要早一些的原因。故A项“为什么在一些城市春天来得早？”是最佳标题。【名师点睛】标题判断题解题技巧标题判断题是英语阅读理解的必考项目，它主要考查考生对文章主题思想的把握和抽象概括语言的能力，解标题判断题应注意下列几点：1.标题应具备高度的概括性；2. 标题应具备强烈的针对性；3. 标题应具备一定的醒目性。而我们提炼主题配备标题有下列三种途径：1. 由首节提炼主题配备标题因为首节往往是作者最想给读者介绍的内容，是作者最想打动读者、震憾读者的内容，因此往往体现了文章主旨。显然认真阅读文章首节，领会其精神实质，往往可以提炼出文章主题，从而成功地给文章配备标题。例如C篇第4小题标题判断题。本文主要介绍的是中国航空管理局出台新的政策，要求飞行员必须通过普通话四级测试，以避免因个人的方言而在工作中造成误解。这个标题就是根据首节（第一段）的内容总结提练的。所以可知最佳标题A. Chinese Pilots Told to Get Rid of Regional Accents.故选A.2. 由末节提炼主题配备标题因为末节是作者想给读者留下最后的印象，是作者给读者所做的最后嘱托，因此末节常常体现文章的主题。显然认真阅读文章的末节内容，领会作者的写作目的，常常可以准确地获得文章主题，顺利地给文章配备标题。3. 同时由首节和末节提炼主题配备标题不少情况下文章首节提出主题，而末节重现主题，因此认真阅读首节与末节可以提炼主题并检验主题，从而成功给文章配备标题。例如D篇第4小题标题判断题。本文通过对灯光污染的分析，指出为什么现在春天来得要早一些的原因。本文在首节（第一段）which signals the arrival of the spring season.中点名了文章主题；又在本文末节（最后一段）If the issue were left to continue, it is estimated that by 2100, spring would begin almost a full month earlier than it does today.中又再次暗示了文章的主题：A. Why spring comes earlier in some cities.为最佳题目，故选A。CAs for old people, some of the applications are hard to use because they didnt grow up with them. They dont have simple models of how they should work, what to do when something doesnt work or where to go for help. We make it as easy as possible to be used for people who are not familiar with the technology. I think there is huge potential and we are designing it. The ability to connect to friends, who remember the same movies and news and music, is really important, especially as people get old. They end up in retirement homes and they arent always close to their friends. Allowing the network to help them connect with friends and family is a really powerful thing.My mother is an enthusiastic user of the Internet，although it took me years to get her to use email. She was born with normal hearing, but