人教版英语必修2unit3-grammar课件

Change the Active Voice into the Passive Voice: Group A 1. We have finished our homework. 2. Many visitors have visited the Great Wall. 3. Mike has seen two films since last month. 4. The Russian government has turned these palaces into museums. Group B 1. Our homework has been finished by us. 2. The Great Wall has been visited by many visitors. 3.Two films have been seen by Mike since last month. 4. These palaces have been turned into museums. 分析 : A组 强调动作的执行者 ,是主动语态 , 结构 :主谓宾 , 相同点 :两组都是完成时态 , 结构 : have/has+过去分词 B组 的句子强调动作的承受者 , 是被动 语态 . 相同点 : 两组都是完成时态 结构 : 助动词 have/has been +过去分词 Have/ has been V-ed 现在完成时的被动语态 1.The new bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed. 2.Many more buildings have been built in the past ten years. 表示到现在为止 已经完成 的某个 被动的动作 1.被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。 He has thought of a way of solving the problem. E.g. The accident which happened yesterday surprised me. =A way of solving the problem has been thought of. 2.break out/ happen/ take place/ arrive/ become/ die/ disappear etc 不及物动词没有被动语态 3.带双宾语的动词 give /send/bring/ take/teach/show/ tell/ make/ sing/ write/ sell/buy/ ask/ pay/ borrow/ lend/ hand/ offer/provide/ past/get/promise 变被动语态有两种方法： （ 2） = The book has been given to him. E.g. I have given him the book （ 2） = He has been given the book. (2) =We have been offered the most comfortable service by him. He has offered us the most comfortable service. (1) =The most comfortable service has been offered to us by him. Change the following sentences into the present perfect passive voice. Put the verbs into the correct form. 1.We have bought a new personal computer. 2.We have found many problems with our new computer. A new personal computer has been bought by us. Many problems have been found with our new computer by us. 3. They have built a PC the way we wanted. 4. They have just joined our computer to the Internet. 5. We have used the computer every day since we bought it. 6. We have written a lot of e-mails on the computer in the past year. A PC has been built the way we wanted by them. Our computer has been joined to the Internet by them. The computer has been used every day since we bought it. A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past year. 主动语态表示被动的若干情形： 1. 谓语动词用主动表被动的四种情形 （ 1） 某些连系动词主动表被动： look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel This kind of cloth feels soft. That dog looks dangerous. My advice proved to be wrong. (2) 当 open, close, shut, lock, move等用做不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。他们通常与 cant, wont等连用。 The door wont shut. Suddenly the door opened. (不强调谁开了门 ) （ 3） 当 read, write, wash, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear等词与 well, easily, quickly 等副词连用时，常用主动表被动。 The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly. The book sells well. This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. This shirt will wear very long. The floor doesnt clean easily. This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. 但是别的时候要看具体情况而定： This book sells well. So far, 200 books have been sold out. The sentence was read clearly by her. (4) 某些表示开始和结束的动作（ begin, start, finish, end, etc.），当主语是事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动表被动。 When does the concert begin? The play ended at ten oclock. 2.非谓语动词主动表被动的情况： （ 1）不定式 to blame, to let用做表语时，通常用主动表被动。 Who is to blame?(该怪谁呢？ ) The house is to let. (此屋出租。 ) （ 2）在“ be +形容词 +to do”结构中的不定式通常 The question is difficult to answer. Do you think the water is safe to drink? (3) 不定式用于某些动词的（ have, have got, get, want, need）宾语后做定语时： I have some letters to write. I want something to drink. 但是注意： I have something to type.(我自己打 ) I have something to be typed. (请别人打 ) 所以： 当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时就用主动表被动，若不一致，则需用被动表被动。 I have a letter to post. (自己寄 ) I have a letter to be posted. (请别人寄 ) （ 4） be worth doing; need / want / require doing (to be done)结构中 In all, the book is worth reading. This might be worth thinking about. The plants want watering / to be watered every day. The wall wants repairing / to be repaired. 但是： be worthy to be done / of being done This book is worthy to be read / of being read. I bought a new car two weeks ago . I have bought a new car. (两周以前购买，动作发生于过去。 ) (“ 我”“已经购买”，“已经拥有”，重在强调“有”的结果与影响。 ) I had my lunch at twelve oclock . I have had my lunch . (我在 12 点吃的午饭。 ) (我已经吃了午饭。 ) The Present Perfect Tense 含义 I 1. 表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对 现在造成的影响或结果 . 2. 不仅单纯表示一个过去的动作，而且还表示 该动作对现在的某种影响以及产生的后果； 既涉及过去，又联系现在。即现在完成时的 动作并非“现在”完成，而是“过去”完成， 并重在强调动作完成的结果与影响。 E.g. We have seen the new film . 构成： The Present Perfect Tense have/has + P.P. Note: P.P. past participle 过去分词 E.g. Ive seen this film. He has lost his math book. The Present Perfect Tense 过去分词的构成： 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ -ed ”。 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ -d ”。 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “ y” 变为 “ i” ，再加“ -ed ”。 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加“ -ed ”。 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 The Present Perfect Tense 句式变化： 1)肯定句： have/has + P.P. 2)否定句： have/has + _ + P.P. not 3)一般疑问句： Have you done your homework? I came here eight years ago . I have lived here for eight years . I have lived here since eight years ago . 我 8 年前来到这儿。 我在这儿住了已经 8 年了。 我自从 8 年前就住在这儿。 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 The Present Perfect Tense 含义 II 连用的时间状语： The Present Perfect Tense for + 一段时间 since + 过去时间点 / 过去动作点（从句） I have lived here for eight years. I have lived here since eight years ago. I have lived here since 1981. The Present Perfect Passive Voice 构成： have / has + _ + done been 主动变被动： We have used every possible means to prevent the air pollution. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution. has been used Exercises 1. Both my brothers work at the power station that _ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up 2. -_ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told 3. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done 4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you