儿科护理学习题.ppt

儿科护理学,1,学习目标,掌握：体格生长常用指标及测量方法；各组织器官发育的特点；运动功能的发育特点 熟悉：儿童游戏能力的发展，儿童生长发育的评估,2,第二章 生长发育,3,第二节 体格发育,一、体格生长常用指标及测量方法,4,(一)体重,1测量体重的意义：,各器官、组织、及体液的总重量。,临床给药、输液也常依据体重计算。,5,4. 体重的测量,晨起，空腹，排尿排便后；脱去鞋帽及外衣，仅穿短裤，婴儿可赤身,准 备,位于“0” 的标记处,称体重 前校正指针,位 置,婴儿卧于盘式杠杆秤秤盘中央 幼儿坐于坐式杠杆秤坐椅上 儿童两手自然下垂，站立于站式杠杆秤站板中央,6,5. 体重测量的工具： （1） 盘式杠杆秤 适用于1岁内婴儿,7,（2） 坐式杠杆秤 适用于13岁幼儿。 （3） 站式杠杆秤 37岁的小儿用。,8,(二)身长(高) 身长指从头顶至足底的全身长度。主要反映骨骼的发育。,3岁以下仰卧位测量身长,身长,身高,3岁以后立位测量身高,9,身长测量,3岁以下小儿仰卧于量板中线上，足板紧贴小儿 两侧足底，且与底板相互垂直，量板两侧数字相 等时读数，记录精确至0.1cm。,10,身高测量,要求3岁以上小儿背靠身高计的立柱，两眼正 视前方，两臂自然下垂，脚跟靠拢，脚尖分开 约60，使两足后跟、臀部及肩胛间同时接触 立柱。,11,（三）上臂围的测量 代表上臂、骨骼、肌肉、皮下脂肪和皮肤的发育水平。,12,（四）坐高（顶臀长）,-顶臀长,3岁,卧位量,-坐高,坐位量,3岁,13,（五）头围,定 义,经眉弓上方、枕后 结节凸绕头一周 的长度，反映脑和 颅骨的发育。,14,（六）胸围,定 义,沿乳头下缘水平绕 胸一周的长度，代表 肺和胸廓的发育。,15,习题演练,1小儿乳牙全部出齐的时间为 A4个月6个月 B6个月8个月 C1岁1.5岁 D2岁2.5岁 E3岁4岁 2正常2周岁小儿，其体重约为出生体重的 A1倍 B2倍 C3倍 D4倍 E5倍 35岁小儿的体重依公式计算应为 A10kg B14kg C18kg D20kg E24kg 46岁小儿的身高依公式计算应为 A110cm B112cm C114cm D116cm E118cm 5正常4个月婴儿按体重公式计算，标准体重应是 A5kg B5.5kg C5.8kg D7.5kg E8.5kg,D,D,C,B,C,16,63岁以下儿童测量身长时应采取的体位是 A坐位 B立位 C俯卧位 D仰卧位 E侧卧位 7新生儿出生时平均身长为 A40cm B45cm C50cm D55cm E60cm 8儿童2岁时头围约为 A42cm B44cm C46cm D48cm E50cm 9新生儿出生时胸围平均为 A30cm B31cm C32cm D33cm E34cm 10儿童胸围与头围相等的年龄为 A1岁 B2岁 C3岁 D4岁 E5岁,习题演练,D,C,D,C,A,17,11小儿前囟闭合的时间为 A4个月6个月 B7个月9个月 C10个月12个月 D1岁1.5岁 E2岁3岁 12小儿乳牙萌出的时间最常见为 A1个月2个月 B4个月10个月 C11个月15个月 D2岁3岁 E1岁1.5岁 13儿童开始出恒牙的年龄为 A2岁左右 B4岁左右 C6岁左右 D8岁左右 E10岁左右 14儿童乳牙出齐共有 A15颗 B18颗 C20颗 D28颗 E32颗 151岁5岁儿童上臂围小于12.5cm，提示 A肥胖症 B营养不良 C营养中等 D营养良好 E营养过剩,习题演练,D,B,C,C,B,18,16婴儿出现颈椎前凸的时间约为 A1个月左右 B2个月左右 C3个月左右 D4个月左右 E5个月左右 17出生时坐高占身高的比例为 A10% B28% C34% D67% E78% 18计算身长的公式：身长（cm）= 年龄7 +70（cm），适应于下列哪个年龄阶段？ 12岁以下 B. 6个月-1岁 C. 0-12岁 D. 1-12岁 E2-12岁 19最能反映婴儿营养状况的体格发育指标是： 头围、胸围 B牙齿数 C. 前囟的大小 D. 体重 E. 身长 20最能反映骨骼发育的重要指标是： 头围 B. 胸围 C. 牙齿数 D. 坐高 E. 身长,习题演练,C,D,E,D,E,19,21下列哪项符合牙齿的一般正常发育？ 乳牙共24颗 B. 最晚于8个月出牙 C. 乳牙最晚于1.5岁出齐 D. 最早于4个月出牙 E. 8岁开始出恒牙 22正常小儿前囟和颅骨骨缝闭合的年龄，下列哪组正确 610个月，2-3个月 B. 610个月，3-4个月 C. 11.5岁，3-4个月 D. 11.5岁，5-6个月 E11.5岁，1-2个月 23判断小儿体格发育的常用主要指标有 动作能力和运动能力 B. 对外界的反应能力 C. 体重、身高、体围的测量 D. 智力发育水平 E. 语言发育程度 242周岁小儿的平均身长为 A、50cm B、60cm C、75cm D、85cm E、90cm,习题演练,D,C,C,D,20,25 2岁至青春期前身高增长的速度为 A、35cm/年 B、57.5cm/年 C、710cm/年 D、1113.5cm/年 E、1315cm/年 26下列小儿生长发育的一般规律中哪一点是错误的？ A由上到下 B由粗到细 C由低级到高级 D由简单到复杂 E由远到近 27正常小儿视觉的发育下列哪项是正确的？ A新生儿视觉敏锐 B3个月头眼协调较好 C67个月出现眼手协调动作 D25岁3岁两眼调节好 E6岁能区分颜色 28正常小儿运动与精神发育哪项是错误的： A4个月时能独坐，用手摇玩具，能认识熟人 B5个月时扶腋下站得直，伸手取物，能辨别人声 C8个月会爬，开始认识物体 D10个月能独站，能招手再见 E15个月走得好，能说出自己的名字,习题演练,B,E,B,A,21,29新生儿的平均出生体重为： A25kg B3kg C35kg D4kg E45kg 30生理性体重下降一般发生在： A出生后第1周内 B出生后第2周内 C出生后第3周内 D出生后第4周内 E出生后1个月 31关于头围下列那项是错误的： A头围大小与脑发育密切相关 B新生儿平均头围约34 cm C1岁时头围约46 cm D2岁时头围约48 cm E3岁时头围约50 cm 32关于前囟的描述下列哪项是错误的： A可作为衡量颅骨发育的指示 B为顶骨和额骨边缘形成的菱形间隙 C为顶骨与枕骨边缘形成的三角形间隙 D约在l15岁时闭合 E过早闭合见于小头畸形,习题演练,B,A,E,C,22,33出生后第一个条件反射形成在： A生后1周左右 B生后2周左右 C生后3周左右 D生后4周左右 E生后2个月开始 34小儿动作发育遵循的规律是： A由下而上 B由远到近 C由不协调到协调 D由精细动作到粗动作 E由反面动作到正面动作 35一小儿身高与体重均低于正常范围，为了解其骨骼发育情况，下列检查何者重要： A血常规 B胸部X线照片 C肝功能 D腰椎穿刺 E腕部X线照片 36婴儿最早长出的乳牙一般是： A上中切牙 B下中切牙 C上侧切牙 D下倒切牙 E第一乳磨牙,习题演练,B,C,E,B,23,37头围测量方法： A枕后到额部中央绕头1周 B枕后沿二耳到眉间绕头1周 C枕后结节到眉弓上2cm绕头1周 D枕后结节到眉间绕头1周 E枕后结节到眉弓上方最突出处绕头1周 38前囟的正确测量方法是： A对角顶点连线 B邻角顶点连线 C对边中点连线 D周径长度 E邻边中点连线 39小儿机体哪个系统发育最晚： A生殖系统 B呼吸系统 C神经系统 D消化系统 E循环系统 40出生后出现的第一个条件反射是： A拥抱 B觅食 C吞咽 D吸吮 E握持,习题演练,E,C,A,D,24,41婴儿运动发育过程中正确的是： A1个月时，能抬头 B25个月，会爬 C78个月，能扶着走 D910个月，会坐 E12个月，会独走 42选出动作正常小儿： A8个月俯卧位，勉强短暂抬头 B9个月时独坐不稳，身体常前倾 C7个月会坐，将玩具从一手换入另一手 D1岁时会扶站 E2岁半会单脚跳 432岁小儿头围测量为52 cm，应考虑下列哪种疾病？ A营养不良 B脑积水 C脑发育不全 D病毒性脑炎 E中毒性脑炎 441周岁小儿头围测量为43cm，应考虑下列哪种疾病？ A.脑膜炎 B脑积水 C大脑发育不全 D佝偻病 E颅内肿瘤,习题演练,E,C,B,C,25,45.下列有关儿童运动功能发育，哪项不正确？ A. 2个月会抬头 B. 6个月能独坐 C. 8个月能独站 D. 18个月会爬台阶 E. 20个月能双脚跳 46. 下列有关儿童运动功能发育，哪项正确 4个月时手能握持玩具 B. 5个月时能将玩具从一手换到另一手 C. 10个月可拇、食指对指拿东西 D. 1岁会用勺子 E. 3岁会洗手 47. 下列有关儿童语言发育的陈述，正确的是 4个月会笑出声 B. 5个月能无意识发“爸爸”等复音 C. 12个月能叫出物品名字，如灯 D. 15个月能说出自己的名字 E. 18个月能说歌谣,习题演练,CE,ACE,ACD,26,48某小儿，会翻身，能伸臂向前撑身躯稍坐，能听懂自己名字，发ma、ba等音，脊柱出现两个生理弯曲，乳牙未萌出。该小儿的年龄最可能是 A4个月 B5个月 C7个月 D9个月 E12个月 49男婴，营养发育中等，体重7.5kg，身长65cm，能伸臂向前撑身躯稍坐，头围41cm，两个下中切牙正在萌出，该男婴最可能的年龄是 A2个月 B3个月 C6个月 D10个月 E12个月 50男孩，体格检查：身长88cm，体重12kg，胸围大于头围，前囟已闭，乳牙18颗，下列哪项动作该儿尚不能进行 A坐 B爬 C翻身 D走 E独脚向前蹦跳,习题演练,B,C,E,27,51一健康男孩，体重10.5kg，身长80cm，出牙12枚，前囟已闭，胸围大于头围，其月龄最可能是 A9个月 B12个月 C18个月 D24个月 E20个月 52某小儿，营养发育中等，身长75cm，头围与胸围相等，能听懂自己的名字，能说简单的单词，两足贴地能独站数秒钟，不能独立行走。 (1)该小儿的年龄可能是 A4个月 B6个月 C8个月 D12个月 E18个月 (2)按标准体重公式计算，该小儿的体重应是 A6.5kg B9.6kg C10.5kg D12.6kg E15.0kg (3)该小儿的头围可能是 A34cm B36cm C40cm D44cm E46cm,习题演练,C,D,B,E,28,学习目标,掌握：体格生长常用指标及 测量方法；各组织器官发育的特点；运动功能的发育特点 熟悉：儿童游戏能力的发展，儿童生长发育的评估,29,（5357）有关年龄与认知发育的关系： A2个月 B7个月 C10个月 D18个月 E3岁 53认识和指出身体各部分的名称： 54发出“爸爸、妈妈”等发音： 55能爬台阶，懂命令，会自己进食： 56能学成人的动作，招手表示“再见”： 57能微笑，发出和谐的喉音： （5859）疾病与前囟的关系： A佝偻病 B水肿 C小头畸形 D脱水 E脑膜炎 58前囟早闭常见于： 59前囟迟闭常见于： 60前囟凹陷常见于： 61前囟隆起且有紧张感常见于：,课后习题,30,2019/10/27,31,（6266）有关小儿的运动发育： A抬头、微笑 B伸手取物 C独坐 D独走 E双脚跳 624个月小儿应会的动作是： 636个月小儿应会的动作是： 649个月小儿应会的动作是： 65l岁小儿应会的动作是： 662岁小儿应会的动作是：,课后习题,32,Thank You!,33,Click to add title in here,Click to add title in here,Click to add title in here,Click to add title in here,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital 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