设施农业.PPT

我国设施园艺发展状况、问题及未来发展方向 Status，problems and development direction of protected horticulture in China,目 录 Outline,一、我国设施园艺的发展状况 Status of protected horticulture in China 二、我国设施园艺存在的问题 Main problems of protected horticulture in China 三、我国设施园艺的未来发展方向 Development direction choice of protected horticulture in China,一、我国设施园艺的发展状况 Status of protected horticulture in China,2005年全国园艺设施面积250余万公顷，其中大型连栋温室1500公顷左右，日光温室60余万公顷，日光温室占北方地区整个温室和大棚面积的80%左右。 In 2005, protected horticulture area reached 2.5 million ha ，among them, multi-span greenhouse 1500ha, solar greenhouse 0.6 million ha. Solar greenhouse area is about 80% of total horticultural facilities area in North of China,设施园艺的发展状况,Status of protected horticulture in China,1.设施园艺的生产状况 Production basis of protected horticulture,以设施蔬菜为主、占设施总面积95%以上，但近年来设施果树和花卉、以及设施养殖业也在快速发展。 Protected vegetable area is more than 95% of total protected horticulture. In the recent year, protected fruit tree and flower, and facilities feeding also see a rapid development 设施蔬菜总产值超过2000亿元。 Total output value of protected vegetable exceeds 200 billion ,设施园艺的发展状况,Status of protected horticulture in China,(1)设施蔬菜的生产状况 Protected vegetable production,设施园艺的发展状况,Status of protected horticulture in China,（2）设施食用菌的生产状况,占世界总产65 生产大省：福建、浙江、河南,设施园艺的发展状况,Status of protected horticulture in China,Mushroom prodution in protected horticulture,（3）设施西、甜瓜的生产状况 Watermelon and melon prodution in protected horticulture,设施园艺的发展状况,Status of protected horticulture in China,我国98年设施西甜瓜 14.6万ha(无籽西瓜 4.7万ha), 占设施总面积9.1%。98年人均西瓜31kg,人均甜瓜2.8kg。同期世界西瓜面积265万ha,甜瓜面积100 万ha。 In 1998, the protected area of watermelon and melon is 0.146 million ha, which is only 9.1 % of total protected horticulture. Per capita watermelon yield is only 31kg, and melon 2.8kg. But the area of watermelon and melon is 2.65 and 1 million ha, respectively, in all the world duing the same time.,2004年设施西甜瓜 60.28 万ha(设施甜瓜面积7万多ha)，占设施总面积18.6%，占西甜瓜总面积30.4% In 2004, the protected area of watermelon and melon reached 0.6028 million ha, which is 18.6 % of total protected horticulture and 30.4 % of total area of watermelon and melon,（4）设施果树的生产状况 Protected fruit tree production,果树设施面积占设施总面积的2.3%，草莓62%，葡萄18%，桃17%，其他3%.,设施园艺的发展状况,Status of protected horticulture in China,日光温室果树,（5）设施花卉的生产状况 Flower production in protected horticulture,设施园艺的发展状况,Status of protected horticulture in China,2004年设施花卉面积占设施总面积的0.9% 。占花卉总面积4.68%. In 2004, the area of flower production in protected horticulture is only 0.9 % and 4.68%. of total protected horticulture and total flower production area, respectively. 2005年全国花卉种植面积81万公顷，花卉销售额503.3亿元，出口额1.54亿美元。 In 2005, the area of flower production in protected horticulture is 0.81 million ha, sales amout reached 50330 million ￥ and export amout 154 million ,目前全国有花卉市场2500多个，花店2万多家，种植面积3公顷或年营业额500万元以上的企业达8300多家，花农125万多户，花卉从业人员440多万 In China, there are more than 25oo flower markets, more than 20000 flower shops and more than 8300 corporations with plant area more than 3 ha or per turnover more than 5000 thosand ￥. There are more than 1250 thousand flower famers and more than 4400 thousand practitioner.,Cyclamen（仙客来）,盆花栽培,鲜切花生产,2.设施农业的研究基础 2.Research basis of protected horticulture,“六五”以来我国注意加强设施农业高效节能栽培技术研究。 Since 1980, high efficient energy-saving cultivation technology of protected horticulture is being concerned and investigated in China “九五”以来我国进入了现代设施园艺研究阶段。 Since 1995, China has stepped into a new research stage of modern protected horticulture. 20多年来取得近百项国家级和省部级科研成果 About 100 research achievements on protected horticulture have been awarded by the country, province and ministry prizes in the past twenties years.,设施园艺的发展状况,Status of protected horticulture in China,“六五”以来农业部及科技部所列相关的主要项目,研制出适应我国南北不同气候生态区的现代连栋温室及其环境自动控制系统，突出了适应、节能和低成本。 Develop various types of modern multi-span greenhouses and its environment auto-control systems with the advantage of energy-saving and low cost, suitable to the different climatic ecological zones in South and North, China 推动了京鹏等60余家连栋温室企业的发展，使国外大型连栋温室自1999年起退出了中国市场。 Now the number of the multi-span greenhouse enterprises is more than 60, which made the foreign multi-span greenhouse companies withdraw from Chinas market since 1999.,成果1.设施与环境工程技术研究与开发,Study on facilities and environment engineering technology,主要特点：（较进口同类温室） Advantages: compared with foreign 节能(Energy-saving)42%； 造价低(reducing cost)41%。 综合性能接近国际先进水平 Approach to the international level,主要特点：(室外遮阳及通风) Advantages: 可使夏季室内温度比室外低3-5 Reduce 3-5 in multi-span greenhouse in summer compared with the outside 抗10级暴风 Typhoon resistance,华南型温室 Huanan-type Greenhouse,华北型温室 Huabei-type Greenhouse,北京京鹏环球科技公司设计建造 Designed and constructed by Beijing Kingpeng International Hi-Tech Corporation,沈阳北陵兰花公司自行设计建造 Self-designed and constructed by Beiling Orchid company, Shenyang,国内设计几种节能连栋温室 Several types of energy-saving multi-span greenhouse,研究开发了温室环境自动化测控系统,485总线系统,硬件 Hardware,Developed auto-control system of multi-span greenhouse,主要包括 mainly including： 研制出我国新型高效节能日光温室辽沈系列日光温室， Develop new type of high efficient energy-saving solar greenhouse-Liaoshen series solar greenhouses 研制出西北集雨型和双连栋节能日光温室 Develop rain-harvesting and double-connected energy-saving solar greenhouse in Northwest, China 研制出日光温室配套环境控制设备，特别是自动卷帘系统，每天增加光照时数1.5小时，大幅度减小了劳动强度。 Develop auxiliary equipments of environment control of solar greenhouse,Develop high efficient energy-saving solar greenhouse and its environment control equipment suitable to North of China,研制出适合“三北”地区的新型高效节能日光温室及其环境控制配套设备,主要特点 main feature： 采光好(the lighting well):透光率较鞍型温室提高7%10%; 增温快保温好(warming fast, high heat-preserving):冬季室内外温差(Difference in temp. between house and outdoor in winter)=2530 空间大(Space large)：便于空间利用和机械化作业；,第二代高效节能日光温室辽沈型日光温室,辽宁庄河示范区 Demonstration zone of Zhuanghe, Liaoning,The second-generation high efficient energy-saving solar greenhouse -Type Liaoshen solar greenhouse,主要特点 main feature： 环境：近于辽沈型日光温室,Environment condition good 环控：可实现日光温室环境自动控制,Environment auto-control 空间大：跨度12 m，高度5.5 m，便于空间利用和机械化作业； Space larger,第三代高效节能日光温室辽沈型日光温室,The third-generation high efficient energy-saving solar greenhouse -Type Liaoshen solar greenhouse,主要特点 Main feature： 双连栋日光温室：提高土地利用率 30%；Increase the utilization ratio 30% of farmland. 温室与集雨结合：夏秋季降雨 170.5mm时，温室棚面可集雨 146.6m3，集水效率为 82.3% Rain-harvesting ratio=82.3%,西北集雨型和双连栋节能日光温室,集雨型日光温室 Rain-harvesting solar greenhouse,双连栋日光温室 Double-connected solar greenhouse,甘肃武威示范基地 Demonstration zone of Wuwei,Gansu Province,Northwest type of rain-harvesting and double-connected energy-saving solar greenhouse,获得国家授权实用新型专利5项 Obtain 5 national utility model patents,日光温室配套环境控制设备 Auxiliary environment control equipments of solar greenhouse,通风卷膜器,热风炉,复合保温被,卷铺机构,卷铺机构,单片机环境监控,成果2.种苗工程技术研究与开发 Study & development of seedling engineering technique,专用品种选育取得突破性进展 Special varieties breeding for greenhouse cultivation,此外，在茄子、甜瓜、西瓜等方面也选育出一批设施专用品种,黄瓜新品种 New varieties of cucumber,中农19,中农9号,YD3密刺型,京研迷你2号,北京102,番茄新品种 New varieties of tomato,北京樱桃番茄,中杂12号,佳红5号,京丹5号,ST04,紫龙,京彩黄星2号,京彩红星2号,班1006,2513甜椒,甜辣椒新品种 New varieties of sweet pepper,甜瓜新品种 New varieties of melon, 研制出日光温室穴盘育苗产品及技术 Develop plug seedling technique for solar greenhouse,工厂化育苗 Industrial seedling, 筛选出蔬菜抗病嫁接砧木，建立了断根嫁接新技术,Select vegetable anti-disease graft stock, Established the root-cutting grafted seedling technique,工厂化育苗 Industrial seedling, 研制出黄瓜、西瓜、青椒、番茄和西兰花等9种蔬菜低成本工厂化育苗技术规程。,Develop 9 kinds of vegetable industrial seedling technical regulations with low cost, such as cucumber, watermelon, tomato, sweet pepper and broccoli.,工厂化育苗 Industrial seedling, 研究开发了蝴蝶兰、红掌、大花惠兰3种名贵花卉组培快繁技术, 提出四季海棠等15种花卉的工厂化育苗技术规程。,Develop the technique of tissue culture and rapid propagation for Butterfly orchid, Anthurium and Cymbidium grandiflorum,Establish 15 kinds of flower industrial seedling technical regulations,（1）建立连栋温室番茄和黄瓜高产优质安全生产技术体系，年最高产量分别达40.7kg/m2、38.3kg/m2，提高60%以上 Establish tomato and cucumber high quality production technical system in multi-span greenhouse, annually the highest yield 40.7kg/m2、38.3kg/m2 respectively, fruit yield is increased by over 60%. （2）研制出日光温室黄瓜、番茄、辣椒、甜瓜、茄子全季节节能高产优质安全生产技术规程；黄瓜和番茄最高产量分别达31.2kg/m2、33.4kg/m2，提高一倍以上。 Develop energy-saving high quality with high yield production technical regulations of tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper, melon, eggplant in solar greenhouse, annual yield of tomato and cucumber reaches 31.2kg/m2、33.4kg/m2 respectively, with an increase of 100% compared with before. （3）建立了温室番茄“树式”观赏栽培模式。中型果单株14000余个,小型果单株25000余个。 Establish the ornamental cultivation model of tomato “tree”, the number of small fruit and mini fruit of tomato is 14000 and 25000,respectively.,成果3.种植工艺工程技术研究与示范,Study and demonstration of cultivation technique in greenhouse,大型温室番茄和黄瓜专家管理系统及高产优质安全生产,Tomato and cucumber expert management system and high quality cultivation in multi-span greenhouse,Cucumber Expert System,Tomato Expert System,日光温室黄瓜、番茄、辣椒、甜瓜、茄子全季节节能高产优质安全生产,Tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper, melon and eggplant energy-saving high quality cultivation in solar greenhouse,温室番茄“树式”观赏栽培,樱桃番茄(Mini tomato fruit) 25000,小番茄(Small tomato fruit) 14000,Tomato “tree” ornamental cultivation in greenhouse,（1）通过研究亚适宜环境下番茄和黄瓜生育及光合障碍机理，建立温室番茄和黄瓜逆境障碍防止技术。,（2）通过番茄落花机理的研究,研制出提高番茄坐果率和果实膨大速度的“丰产剂2号”,在全国18个省市自治区累计推广40余万亩。,成果4.环境逆境生育障碍控制技术研究,Study on control technology of environment stress fertility handicap in solar greenhouse,By studying on fertility and photosynthesis handicap mechanism of tomato and cucumber under the sub-optimal environment condition in solar greenhouse. Establish the technology preventing from stress handicap of tomato and cucumber in greenhouse,By studying on tomato flower-drop mechanism. Develop “No2 Fengchanji” to increase fruit setting rate and fruit expanding speed of tomato, now the cumulative extension area is 26000 hm2. covering 18 provinces (cities, autonomous regions ),Patent certificate,（3）通过研究温室连作障碍发生原因，建立了增施有机肥、嫁接栽培和无土栽培等为主体温室土壤连作障碍综合治理技术体系，蔬菜产量提高20%以上。,Establish the comprehensive control technology system preventing from the continuous cropping obstacle, including applying organic manure, grafted technique and soilless culture, resulted in an increase ( 20%) of vegetable yield in solar greenhouse.,项目建立了科技示范区108个。 Construct 108 Sci-Tech demonstration zones 引进园艺品种资源540多份，筛选出优良蔬菜品种50多个，花卉品种30余个。 Introduce 540 kinds of horticulture variety resource. Select 50 kinds of high quality vegetable varieties and 30 kinds of flower varieties. 制定了21个日光温室蔬菜生产技术地方标准和11种蔬菜产品标准。 Establish 21 kinds of vegetable production technology regulations and 11 kinds of vegetable products standard for solar greenhouse. 建立了23种设施花卉产业化生产技术体系 Establish 23 kinds of protected flower production technology system,成果5.科技示范区的建设,Construction of the sci-technology demonstration area,获国家授权专利20余项 Obtain more than 20 national patents 获省部级二等奖以上成果12项； Over 12 achievements have been awarded the country, province and ministry prizes 发表核心期刊论文473篇， Publish 473 academic papers 出版相关著作49部。 Publish 49 works,取得的相关知识产权情况,Obtain the intellectual property rights,获科技奖励 Obtain Sci-Tech awards,二、我国设施园艺存在的主要问题,Main problems of protected horticulture in China,与国外比较，在生产效果上主要有以下问题： Main problems in production effect, compared with the advanced countries 劳动生产率较低 Low labor production efficiency 经济效益下降 Low economic benefit 产品质量不高 Poor product quality 产量低 Low yield,我国设施园艺发展的主要问题,Main problems on protected horticulture development in China,我国设施园艺发展的主要问题,主要原因Main reason： 设施简陋，机械化和自动化水平低； Horticultural facilities are relatively simple with the low level of mechanization and auto-control 生育障碍严重，技术服务体系不健全； Fertility handicap is serious, technical service system is unsound 专用品种质量不高、数量不足； Shortage of high quality varieties for protected horticulture 缺乏稳定且优良的生产模式与技术体系 Shortage of stable production model and technology system,Main problems on protected horticulture development, China,我国设施园艺发展的主要问题,主要根源key reason： 科技成果不能满足生产需求， Sci-Tech achievements dont meet the production demand 生产者的科技文化素质低 Growthers Sci-Tech and culture level is low,Main problems on protected horticulture development, China,三、我国设施园艺发展的方向,Development direction choice of protected horticulture in China,包括Including： 节约农业资源与降低成本 Saving agricultural resource and low cost 高产优质无害化生产 High quality with high yield and safety 提高劳动生产效率 High labor production efficiency 保护环境 The environment friendly and no pollution 满足特种需求 Meet special demand,1.主要目标:实现设施园艺现代化 Main Target: Modernization of protected horticulture,发展适合我国国情及不同地区气候特点的设施园艺 Develop protected horticulture suitable for the national condition and different region climate character