被动语态[2].ppt

被动语态,被动语态基本用法 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 情态动词： 一般将来时： 现在进行时： 现在完成时： 过去进行时：,S+am/is /are +P.P S+was/were +P.P. S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P. S+ will/be going to+be+ P.P. S+ am/is/are + being + P.P. S+ have/has + been+ P.P. S+ was/were+being+ P.P.,归纳总结方法,把主动语态改为被动语态可按“一变、二套、三注意”来进 行。即： 变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动 语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,在被动语态中要注意的问题,A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，(有些动词可以带两个宾语，即指人的间宾和指物的直宾) 可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for 用to的常 见 词有： give sth to sb=give sb sth sell sth to sb=sell sb sth bring sth to sb=bring sb sth take sth to sb=take sb sth hand sth to sb=hand sb sth send sth to sb=send sb sth pass sth to sb=pass sb sth etc 用for的常见词有： buy sth for sb=buy sb sth make sth for sb=make sb sth keep sth for sb=keep sb sth , choose, sing, play, draw, save, get, leave, cook etc.,eg. 1. Mary gave him some books. He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary. 2. Her parents bought her a new computer yesterday. She was bought a new computer yesterday. A new computer was bought for her yesterday. 3. They have given me some good advice. I have been given some good advice. Some good advice has been given to me. 4. She will write a long letter to David Smith. A long letter will be written to David Smith. David Smith will be written a long letter.,B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。 eg. 1. We call her Gina. She is called Gina (by us). 2. They made me happy. I was made happy( by them). 3. He asked me to come here. I was asked to come here (by him),C. 一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要 补上to。,eg. 1. We saw them play football just now. They were seen to play football just now. 2. We often hear her sing in English. She is often heard to sing in English 3.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. 4.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. 注意当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时， doing保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动),D.含有短语的被动语态结构。 一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种： 在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词) 的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg. 1动词+副词 如： turn off 、 set up 、 、 put off 、 turn on 、 hand in 、 pass on 、 write down 、wake up 、 give back 、 work out 、 get back 、 pick up 、give up 、 等 They set up the factory in 2000. The factory was set up in 2000. Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until December.The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.,B 动词+介词 如：look after talk about playwith等 1. People often talk about that film. That film is often talked about. 2. We should speak to the old people politely. The old people should be spoken to politely.,C.“动词+名词+介词” 构成的短语。如： take care of、 pay attention to、make use of等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。 请看下面的例子： You should pay more attention to your study this year. Your study should be paid more attention to this year. 带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或词 拆开。,只有及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。 eg. happen What was happened? What has happened? What is happening? ,E. 主动形式表示被动意义的词： 1）某些感官动词: look, smell, taste , feel, wear ,sound, etc. 2）某些及物动词+副词： wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, keep, etc. 1. This coat feels soft. 2. The pen writes smoothly. 3. That book sells well. 4. This kind of shirt washes easily.,F. 若主动句的主语是表示地点的名词，变为被动语态时，应将其变为in+名词，作地点状语，而不变为by的宾语。 eg. Our village opened a new school last year. A new school was opened in our village last year.,G. 若主动句的谓语动词是know变为被动语态时，应将其变为 be known to，而不能变为 be known by。 eg. People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. H. 若主动句的主语是nobody, no one等否定不定代词时，变为被动语态应将其anybody, anyone作介词by的宾语，并将其谓语动词改为否定的被动语态。 eg. Nobody can answer this question. This question can not be answered by anybody.,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question of