英语句子重“形合”特征的体现.ppt

英语句子重“形合”特征 的体现 长安区第四中学 李小军, lead-in (Brainstorm) 天净沙秋思 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦， 小桥流水人家， 古道西风瘦马。 夕阳西下， 断肠人在天涯。, Analysis 这首词了了数笔，不用一个动词， 仅通过几个意象的简单罗列便使一幅幅意境深远的画面跃然纸上，语句的简练达到了极致。这首词充分利用了汉语的意合手法。 汉语“意合”指的是凭借意义，即内在的逻辑关系组织语言的手段。对句子的理解， 要依赖读者的语感、经验和语境。, Translation 1、妈妈生病了，我必须待在家中。 My mother was ill ，so I had to stay at home 2 、努力学的话，我们就会上大学。 If we study hard，we will go to university, Analysis 英语属于印欧语系，是非常重视结构上的完整和表达的科学性、逻辑性。英语是重“形合”类语言，即就是通过明显的形式标记（包括词的变化形态，词汇的衔接等）把个体的词组织成语句乃至语篇的语言组织手段。句中所指定界分明，句子成分组织严密，主从句脉络清晰。,Conclusion 汉语 是重意合类语言 英语 是重形合类语言 英语句子重“形合”特征的体现？,英语的句子的类型（按结构）:,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence), Task one 英语句子重“形合”特征在简单句中是怎样体现的呢？,(一).简单句: 只有一个主语(或并列主语) 和 一个谓语(或并列谓语): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework., Group work 请说出下列句子类型: 1.Summer is coming. 2.They wont let me go. 3.He showed me a new TV set. 4.She knows French. 5.The gas smells terrible.,S+Vi,S+V+O+C,S+V+O1+O2,S+V+O,S+V+P,6. _ We are having an English class. Mr Wang will attend the lecture. 7. _ I teach you English. He offered me his seat. 8. _ We should keep our classroom clean and tidy. I heard them cheering in the next room.,主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S+V+O),主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 (S+V+O1+O2),主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C), Conclusion one 简单句“形合性” 体现为：句子的基本结构必须完整 1）、主语+谓语 The rain stopped. 2）、主语+系动词+表语 We are students. 3）、主语+谓语+宾语 They like English. 4）、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（双宾语） He gave me a beautiful gift=He gave a beautiful gift to me. 5）、主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（复合宾语） We must keep the classroom clean., Task two 英语句子重“形合”特征在并列句中是怎样体现的呢？,(二)并列句(compound sentence):,把两个或几个简单句用 并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,常用并列连词,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, both.and., not only. but also., neither. nor.,but,while,yet,for, so,or, Group work 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。 1.He was tired. He went to bed. 2.The dress is really beautiful. I cant afford it.,He was tired, so he went to bed.,The dress is really beautiful, but I cant afford it.,3. Mary is cooking. John is greeting guests.,Mary is cooking ,and / while John is greeting guests.,4.He works hard. He also likes helping others.,1. He not only works hard but he also likes helping others.,2.Not only does he work hard but he also likes helping others., Conclusion two 并列句“形合性” 体现为： 1、各分句的句子基本结构必须完整 2、各分句之间必须有连接词连接, Task three 英语句子重“形合”特征在复合句中是怎样体现的呢？,(三）复合句:主句+从句 在复合句中，主要包含以下 类型从句： 1._ 2._ 3._,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,By the time he arrived, 1 we had already left. 2,请指出该复合句的主句和从句:,从句,主句,指出下列各从句的类型：,I hope that everything is all right. She was reading the newspaper when I came in. She is the girl who sings best of all.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,It is well-known that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held on August 8th. As is known to all, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in about four months.,主语从句,定语从句,I want to live in a place where the air is fresh. I want to live where the air is fresh.,定语从句,状语从句,请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。 Ill give the letter to him .I see him. (时间状语从句),Ill give the letter to him when I see him.,as soon as the moment the minute immediately,It is such a big box .Nobody can move it. (结果状语从句),It is such a big box that nobody can move it. Such a big box is it that nobody can move it.,It is so big a box that nobody can move it.,The dress is beautiful. I cant afford it. (让步状语从句),Although /Though the dress is beautiful, I cant afford it.,Beautiful as the dress is, I cant afford it., Conclusion three 复合句“形合性” 体现为： 1、主句和从句的句子基本结构必须完整 2