西交大财务成本管理习题答案.pdf

1. The person generally directly responsible for overseeing the cash and credit functions, financial planning, and capital expenditures is the: A. treasurer. B. director. C. controller. D. chairman of the board. E. chief operations officer. A 财务主管 2. The mixture of debt and equity used by a firm to finance its operations is called: A. working capital management. B. financial depreciation. C. cost analysis. D. capital budgeting. E. capital structure. E. capital structure 3. The primary goal of financial management is to: A. maximize current dividends per share of the existing stock. B. maximize the current value per share of the existing stock. C. avoid financial distress. D. minimize operational costs and maximize firm efficiency. E. maintain steady growth in both sales and net earnings. B最大化当前每股价值现有的股票。 4. Working capital management includes decisions concerning which of the following? I. accounts payable II. long-term debt III. accounts receivable IV. inventory A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and IV only D. I, II, and III only E. I, III, and IV only 1. Net working capital is defined as: A. total liabilities minus shareholders equity. B. current liabilities minus shareholders equity. C. fixed assets minus long-term liabilities. D. total assets minus total liabilities. E. current assets minus current liabilities. 2. Earnings per share is equal to: A. net income divided by the total number of shares outstanding. B. net income divided by the par value of the common stock. C. gross income multiplied by the par value of the common stock. D. operating income divided by the par value of the common stock. E. net income divided by total shareholders equity. 3. Which of the following are included in current assets? I. equipment II. inventory III. accounts payable IV. cash A. II and IV only B. I and III only C. I, II, and IV only D. III and IV only E. II, III, and IV only 4. Which one of the following assets is generally the most liquid? A. inventory B. buildings C. accounts receivable D. equipment E. patents 5. Total assets are $900, fixed assets are $600, long-term debt is $500, and short-term debt is $200. What is the amount of net working capital? A. $0 B. $100 C. $200 D. $300 E. $400 6. Arts Boutique has sales of $640,000 and costs of $480,000. Interest expense is $40,000 and depreciation is $60,000. The tax rate is 34%. What is the net income? A. $20,400 B. $39,600 C. $50,400 D. $79,600 E. $99,600 7. Thompsons Jet Skis has operating cash flow of $218. Depreciation is $45 and interest paid is $35. A net total of $69 was paid on long-term debt. The firm spent $180 on fixed assets and increased net working capital by $38. What is the amount of the cash flow to stockholders? A. -$104 B. -$28 C. $28 D. $114 E. $142 某企业去年的销售净利率为 5.73%，资产周转率为 2.17；今年的销售净利率为 4.88%，资产周转率为 2.88。若两年的资产负债率相同，今年的权益净利率比去 年的变化趋势为（ ） 。 A.下降 B.不变 C.上升 D.难以确定 【答案】C 【解析】权益净利率=销售净利率资产周转率权益乘数 去年的权益净利率=5.73%2.17A=12.43%A 今年的权益净利率=4.88%2.88A=14.05%A 因此，权益净利率今年比去年呈上升趋势。 ABC 公司是一个有较多未分配利润的工业企业。下面是上年度发生的几笔经济业务，在这 些业务发生前后，速动资产都超过了流动负债。请回答下列问题。 （1）长期债券投资提前变卖为现金，将会（ ）。 A.对流动比率的影响大于对速动比率的影响 B.对速动比率的影响大于对流动比率的影响对速动比率的影响大于对流动比率的影响 C.影响速动比率但不影响流动比率 D.影响流动比率但不影响速动比率 长期债券投资提前变现， 使现金增加， 流动负债不变， 因此会影响流动比率和速动比率， 可将 C、D 排除。现金是速动资产项目，其变化会引起流动资产和速动资产增长相同数额， 由于流动比率大于速动比率， 因此当二者计算公式的分子增加相同数额时， 速动比率变化幅 度要大，应当选择 B. 例如,原来的流动资产为 500 万元，速动资产为 400 万元，流动负债为 200 万元，则原 来的流动比率为 500 200*100%250%，速动比率为 400 200*100%200%，现在把 100 万元的长期债券投资变为现金，则流动比率变为：（500100） 200*100%300%，增加 （300%250%） 250%20%， 速动比率变为： （400100） 200*100%250%， 增加 （250% 200%） 200%25%，显然，25%大于 20%。 2）赊购原材料若干，将会（ ） 。 A.增大流动比率 B.降低流动比率降低流动比率 C.降低营运资本 D.增大营运资本 赊购原材料使流动资产和流动负债等额增加，所以营运资本不变，则应排除赊购原材料使流动资产和流动负债等额增加，所以营运资本不变，则应排除 C、D，又，又 因为， 已知业务发生前后， 速动资产都超过了流动负债， 即流动比率大于因为， 已知业务发生前后， 速动资产都超过了流动负债， 即流动比率大于 100%， 因此， 因此， 流动比率分子、分母同时增加相同金额，流动比率会降低，所以应排除流动比率分子、分母同时增加相同金额，流动比率会降低，所以应排除 A，即应该选择，即应该选择 B。 由杜邦财务分析体系可知， 权益净利率等于资产净利率乘以权益乘数。 因此， 企业的负债程度越高，权益净利率就越大。 （错） 本题的主要考核点是杜邦财务分析体系。由杜邦财务分析体系可知，权益净本题的主要考核点是杜邦财务分析体系。由杜邦财务分析体系可知，权益净 利率等于资产净利率乘以权益乘数。因此，在资产净利率不变的前提下，权利率等于资产净利率乘以权益乘数。因此，在资产净利率不变的前提下，权 益净利率与权益乘数呈同向变化。该题的错误在于缺少资产净利率是否发生益净利率与权益乘数呈同向变化。该题的错误在于缺少资产净利率是否发生 变化的假设，因为如果资产净利率下降的幅度大于权益乘数提高的幅度，尽变化的假设，因为如果资产净利率下降的幅度大于权益乘数提高的幅度，尽 管企业的负债程度提高，但权益净利率可能保持不变或变大。管企业的负债程度提高，但权益净利率可能保持不变或变大。 1. A _ standardizes items on the income statement and balance sheet as a percentage of total sales and total assets, respectively. A. tax reconciliation statement B. statement of standardization C. statement of cash flows D. common-base year statement E. common-size statement 2. The cash ratio is measured as: A. current assets divided by current liabilities. B. current assets minus cash on hand, divided by current liabilities. C. current liabilities plus current assets, divided by cash on hand. D. cash on hand plus inventory, divided by current liabilities. E. cash on hand divided by current liabilities 3. The equity multiplier ratio is measured as total: A. equity divided by total assets. B. equity plus total debt. C. assets minus total equity, divided by total assets. D. assets plus total equity, divided by total debt. E. assets divided by total equity 4. The financial ratio measured as earnings before interest and taxes, divided by interest expense is the: A. cash coverage ratio. B. debt-equity ratio. C. times interest earned ratio. D. gross margin. E. total debt ratio. 5. The market-to-book ratio is measured as: A. total equity divided by total assets. B. net income times market price per share of stock. C. net income divided by market price per share of stock. D. market price per share of stock divided by earnings per share. E. market value of equity per share divided by book value of equity per share 6. A firm has sales of $1,200, net income of $200, net fixed assets of $500, and current assets of $300. The firm has $100 in inventory. What is the common-size statement value of inventory? A. 8.3% B. 12.5% C. 20.0% D. 33.3% E. 50.0% 100/（500+300） 7. Ratios that measure how efficiently a firm uses its assets to generate sales are known as _ ratios. A. asset management B. long-term solvency C. short-term solvency D. profitability E. market value 8. The financial ratio days sales in inventory is measured as: A. inventory turnover plus 365 days. B. inventory times 365 days. C. inventory plus cost of goods sold, divided by 365 days. D. 365 days divided by the inventory. E. 365 days divided by the inventory turnover. 9. An increase in which one of the following accounts increases a firms current ratio without affecting its quick ratio? A. accounts payable B. cash C. inventory D. accounts receivable E. fixed assets 10. Fredericos has a profit margin of 6%, a return on assets of 8%, and an equity multiplier of 1.4. What is the return on equity? A. 6.7% B. 8.4% C. 11.2% D. 14.6% E. 19.6% 8%*1.4 Aunt Clarisse has promised to leave you an annuity that will pay $60 next year and grow at an annual rate of 4%. The payments are expected to go on indefinitely and the interest rate is 9%. What is the value of the growing perpetuity? A. $667 B. $693 C. $1,200 D. $1,248 E. None of the above Consider a $50,000, 10 year loan at 8% interest. The loan agreement requires the firm to pay $5,000 in principal each year plus interest for that year. Year Beginning Balance Interest Payment Principal Payment Total Payment Ending Balance 1 50,000 4,000 5,000 9,000 45,000 2 45,000 3,600 5,000 8,600 40,000 3 40,000 3,200 5,000 8,200 35,000 4 35,000 2,800 5,000 7,800 30,000 5 30,000 2,400 5,000 7,400 25,000 6 25,000 2,000 5,000 7,000 20,000 7 20,000 1,600 5,000 6,600 15,000 8 15,000 1,200 5,000 6,200 10,000 9 10,000 800 5,000 5,800 5,000 10 5,000 400 5,000 5,400 0 1. An annuity stream of cash flow payments is a set of: A. level cash flows occurring each time period for a fixed length of time. B. level cash flows occurring each time period forever. C. increasing cash flows occurring each time period for a fixed length of time. D. increasing cash flows occurring each time period forever. E. arbitrary cash flows occurring each time period for no more than 10 years. 2. An annuity stream where the payments occur forever is called a(n): A. annuity due. B. indemnity. C. perpetuity. D. amortized cash flow stream. E. amortization table. 3. There are three factors that affect the future value of an annuity. Explain what these three factors are and discuss how an increase in each will impact the future value of the annuity. The factors are the interest rate, payment amount, and number of payments. An increase in any of these three will increase the future value of the annuity. NPV and IRR will generally give the same decision. Exceptions: Non-conventional cash flows cash flow signs change more than once Mutually exclusive projects Initial investments are substantially different Timing of cash flows is substantially different The difference between the present value of an investment and its cost is the: A. net present value. B. internal rate of return. C. payback period. D. profitability index. E. discounted payback period. Which one of the following statements concerning net present value (NPV) is correct? A. An investment should be accepted if, and only if, the NPV is exactly equal to zero. B. An investment should be accepted only if the NPV is equal to the initial cash flow. C. An investment should be accepted if the NPV is positive and rejected if it is negative. D. An investment with greater cash inflows than cash outflows, regardless of when the cash flows occur, will always have a positive NPV and therefore should always be accepted. E. Any project that has positive cash flows for every time period after the initial investment should be accepted. The length of time required for an investment to generate cash flows sufficient to recover the initial cost of the investment is called the: A. net present value. B. internal rate of return. C. payback period. D. profitability index. E. discounted cash period. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the payback period? A. An investment is acceptable if its calculated payback period is less than some pre-specified period of time. B. An investment should be accepted if the payback is positive and rejected if it is negative. C. An investment should be rejected if the payback is positive and accepted if it is negative. D. An investment is acceptable if its calculated payback period is greater than some pre-specified period of time. E. An investment should be accepted any time the payback period is less than the discounted payback period, given a positive discount rate. The discount rate that makes the net present value of an investment exactly equal to zero is called the: A. external rate of return. B. internal rate of return. C. average accounting return. D. profitability index. E. equalizer. The possibility that more than one discount rate will make the NPV of an investment equal to zero is called the _ problem. A. net present value profiling B. operational ambiguity C. mutually exclusive investment decision D. issues of scale E. multiple rates of return A situation in which accepting one investment prevents the acceptance of another investment is called the: A. net present value profile. B. operational ambiguity decision. C. mutually exclusive investment decision. D. issues of scale problem. E. multiple choices of operations decision. If a project has a net present value equal to zero, then: I. the present value of the cash inflows exceeds the initial cost of the project. II. the project produces a rate of return that just equals the rate required to accept the project. III. the project is expected to produce only the minimally required cash inflows. IV. any delay in receiving the projected cash inflows will cause the project to have a negative net present value. A. II and III only B. II and IV only C. I, II, and IV only D. II, III, and IV only E. I, II, and III only The advantages of the payback method of project analysis include the: I. application of a discount rate to each separate cash flow. II. bias towards liquidity. III. ease of use. IV. arbitrary cutoff point. A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. II and IV only E. II, III, and IV only The discounted payback period of a project will decrease whenever the: A. discount rate applied to the project is increased. B. initial cash outlay of the project is increased. C. time period of the project is increased. D. amount of each project cash inflow is increased. E. costs of the fixed assets utilized in the project increase. The internal rate of return is: A. more reliable as a decision making tool than net present value whenever you are considering mutually exclusive projects. B. equivalent to the discount rate that makes the net present value equal to one. C. difficult to compute without the use of either a financial calculator or a computer. D. dependent upon the interest rates offered in the marketplace. E. a better methodology than net present value when dealing with unconventional cash flows. The profitability index is closely related to: A. payback. B. discounted payback. C. average accounting return. D. net present value. E. internal rate of return. Which one of the following is the best example of two mutually exclusive projects? A. planning to build a warehouse and a retail outlet side by side. B. buying sufficient equipment to manufacture both desks and chairs simultaneously. C. using an empty warehouse for storage or renting it entirely out to another firm. D. using the company sales force to promote sales of both shoes and socks. E. buying both inventory and fixed assets using funds from the same bond issue. In actual practice, managers may use the: I. IRR because the results are easy to communicate and understand. II. payback because of its simplicity. III. net present value because it is considered by many to be the best method of analysis. A. I and II only B. II and III only C. I and III only D. I, II, and III E. None of the above Which of the following methods of project analysis are biased towards short-term projects? I. internal rate of return II. net present value III. payback IV. discounted payback A. I and II only B. III and IV only C. II and III only D. I and IV only E. II and IV only You are considering a project with the following data: Internal rate of return 8. Profitability ratio .98 Net present value -$393 Payback period 2.44 years Required return 9.5% Which one of the following is correct given this information? A. The discount rate used in computing the net present value must have been less than 8.7%. B. The discounted payback period will have to be less than 2.44 years. C. The discount rate used to compute the profitability ratio was equal to the internal rate of return. D. This project should be accepted based on the profitability ratio. E. This project should be rejected based on the internal rate of return. Which of the following does not characterize NPV? A. NPV does not explicitly incorporate risk into the analysis. B. NPV incorporates all relevant cash flow information. C. NPV uses all of the projects cash flows. D. NPV discounts all future cash flows. E. Using NPV will lead to decisions that maximize shareholder wealth. A project will have more than one IRR if: A. the IRR is positive. B. the IRR is negative. C. the NPV is zero. D. the cash flow pattern exhibits more than one sign change. E. the cash flow pattern exhibits exactly one sign change. A project will produce cash inflows of $1,750 a year for four years. The project initially costs $10,600 to get started. In year five, the project will be closed and as a result should produce a cash inflow of $8,500. What is the net present value of this project if the required rate of return is 13.75%? A. -$5,474.76 B. -$1,011.40 C. -$935.56 D. $1,011.40 E. $5,474.76 You are considering a project with an initial cost of $4,300. What is the payback period for this project if the cash inflows are $550, $970, $2,600, and $500 a year over the next four years? A. 2.04 years B. 2.36 years C. 2.89 years D. 3.04 years E. 3.36 years Yancy is considering a project which will produce cash inflows of $900 a year for 4 years. The project has a 9% required rate of return and an initial cost of $2,800. What is the discounted payback period? A. 3.11 years B. 3.18 years C. 3.82 years D. 4.18 years E. never 【例 9：2009 年计算题（旧） 】B 公司目前生产一种产品，该产品的适销期预计 还有 6 年，公司计划 6 年后停产该产品。生产该产品的设备已使用 5 年，比较 陈旧，运行成本（人工费、维修费和能源消耗等）和残次品率较高。目前市场上 出现了一种新设备，其生产能力、生产产品的质量与现有设备相同。设置虽然购 置成本较高，但运行成本较低，并且可以减少存货占用资金、降低残次品率。除 此以外的其他方面，新设备与旧设备没有显著差别。 B 公司正在研究是否应将现有旧设备更换为新设备， 有关的资料如下 （单位： 元） ： 继续使用旧设备 更换新设备 旧设备当初购买和安装成本 200000 旧设备当前市值 50000 新设备购买和安装成本 300000 税法规定折旧年限（年） 10 税法规定折旧年限（年） 10 税法规定折旧方法 直线法 税法规定折旧方法 直线法 税法规定残值率 10% 税法规定残值率 10% 已经使用年限（年） 5 年 运行效率提高减少半成品存 货占用资金 15000 预计尚可使用年限（年） 6 年 计划使用年限（年） 6 年 预计 6 年后残值变现净收入 0 预计 6 年后残值变现净收入 150000 年运行成本（付现成本） 110000 年运行成本（付现成本） 85000 年残次品成本（付现成本） 8000 年残次品成本（付现成本） 5000 B 公司更新设备投资的资本成本为 10%，所得税率为 25%；固定资产的会计折 旧政策与税法有关规定相同。 （1）计算 B 公司继续使用旧设备的相关现金流出总现值（计算过程及结果填入 答题卷第 4 页给定的表格内） 。 （2）计算 B 公司更换新设备方案的相关现金流出总现值（计算过程及结果填入 答题卷第 5 页给定的表格内） 。 （3）计算两个方案的净差额，并判断应否实施更新设备的方案。 【答案及解析】两个方案的相关现金流出总现值的净差额新旧475070.48 430562.9544507.53（元）应该继续使用旧设备，而不应该更新。 决策树 （1）J 公司拟开发一种新的高科技产品，项目投资成本为 90 万元。 （2）预期项目可以产生平均每年 l0 万元的永续现金流量。该产品的市场有 较大不确定性。如果消费需求量较大，预计经营现金流量为 12.5 万元；如果消 费需求量较小，预计经营现金流量为 8 万元。 （3）如果延期执行该项目，一年后则可以判断市场对该产品的需求量，届 时必须做出放弃或立即执行的决策。 （4）假设等风险投资要求的最低报酬率为 l0，无风险报酬率为 5。 要求： （1）计算不考虑期权的项目净现值。 （2）采用二叉树方法计算延迟决策的期权价值（列出计算过程，将结果填 列在答题卷第 15 页给定的 “期权价值计算表“中） ， 并判断应否延迟执行该项目。 （1）净现值）净现值10/109010（万元）（万元） 1.构建现金流量和项目期末价值二叉树构建现金流量和项目期末价值二叉树 上行项目价值上行项目价值12.5/10125（万元）万元） 下行项目价值下行项目价值8/1080（万元）（万元） 2.期权价值二叉树期权价值二叉树 （1）确定第）确定第 1 年末期权价值年末期权价值 现金流量上行时期权价值现金流量上行时期权价值1259035（万元）（万元） 现金流量下行时项目价值现金流量下行时项目价值 80 万元，低于投资额万元，低于投资额 90 万元，应当放弃，期权万元，应当放弃，期权