考研英语翻译真题.pdf

考研英语翻译 翻译技巧及2012年翻译真题 授课内容： 1. 2. 翻译原文解析 3. 翻译题解析及翻译技巧 46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme（1）, and seeks a theory of everything（0.5） a single generative equation for all we see（0.5）. 结构分析： one approach takes.and seeks. 主干 this impulse for unification to its extreme: 宾语 a theory of everything: 宾语 a single generative equation for all we see：同位语 we see: 定语从句 46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme（1）, and seeks a theory of everything（0.5） a single generative equation for all we see（0.5） 多义词： approach: v: 接近 n: 方法/做法 Impulse: n: 脉搏，冲击。 n: 冲动/愿望 Unification：n:（制服，宇宙，大学） adj: 统一性，普遍性 Generate: adj: 一般的 v: 生成 Generative: adj: 一般的， adj:有生产力的，生成的 Equation: n: 相等 n: 公式 Extreme: adj:极端的，极致的 n:极端，极致 46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme（1）, and seeks a theory of everything（0.5） a single generative equation for all we see（0.5）. 增词：1. 破折号，2. （seek）a single generative equation for all we see. takes: 将.发挥到极致 46. 物理学中，有一种做法将这种对统一性的紧迫需求发 挥到了极致，试图寻找适应一切的理论一个涵括我们 所看到一切的生成性公式。 47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification（0.5）, for if all humans share common origins（0.5）, it seems reasonable to suppose that（0.5） cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. （0.5） 结构分析： 1. Darwinism seems to offer justification. 主干1 2. if all humans share common origins 条件状语从句 3. For it seems reasonable to suppose 主干2 4. that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.(宾语从句) 宾语从句 47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification（0.5）, for if all humans share common origins（0.5）, it seems reasonable to suppose that（0.5） cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. （0.5） 多义词易错点： justification: 证明，正当的理由 公正 Diversity: 多样化，多元性 分歧，分化 Constrained: 有限的， 被强迫的，被压迫，约束 Common: 共有的，共同的 普通的，普遍的 Suppose: 认为， 假设，猜想 47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification（0.5）, for if all humans share common origins（0.5）, it seems reasonable to suppose that（0.5） cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. （0.5） 增词：（在）此，此（时） 词义转换： 根据上下文(also) origigin=beginnings that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. 47. 这里，达尔文似乎给出了证明，因为如果人类有相同的起源，那 么我们似乎就有理由认为，文化的多样性同样也可以追溯到更为有限 的起源。 48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared(0.5) might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose(0.5) and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms(1). 结构剖析： 1.to filter out.might enable us to understand.主干： 2.What is unique 宾语 从句 3.What is shared 宾语从句 4.How complex cultural behaviour arose 宾语从句 5. and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.宾语从句 48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared(0.5) might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose(0.5) and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms(1). 易错点： arose: 出现，产生 上升，一只玫瑰 Guide: 指导，操纵，影响 导游， Share: 共有，共享，均摊 分享 term: 学期，条款 terms: 条件，措辞，说法，学期（复数） in terms of+n=in +adj+terms: 从.方面来说，依据 48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared(0.5) might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose(0.5) and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms(1). 增词：enable us to: 这使得我们. 代词it的指代和翻译： 名词根据意义以为上文所指cultural behavior 48. 从共性中过滤出独特性，这使得我们得以理解复杂的文化行为产 生的根源，并从进化和认知的角度文化行为走向的源动力。 49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality（0.5）, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages（0.5）, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints （1）. 结构分析： 1.The second takes a more empirical approach主干 2.by Joshua Greenberg, 插入语 3.identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages 伴随状语 4.which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints. 非限制性定语从句 5.that result from cognitive constraints 定语从句 49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality（0.5）, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages（0.5）, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints（1）. 难点词易错词： approach v. 接近，靠近 n 方法途径（辨别词义和词性） Universality: n. 普遍性，一致性，共性 (大学，宇宙) Trait: n. 特点,特征 Constraint：n. 限制，强制（constant） result from: 由于 biases: 偏见，倾向性 49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality（0.5）, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages（0.5）, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints （1） 翻译技巧：增词：the second +（effort） （was made）+by Joshua Greenberg (he) takes: 他采用. to+（study）languages universality: 来研究语言的共性 49. 第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚格林伯格，他采用更为经验主 义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言(尤其是语序方面的)共同特征， 这些特征被认为是体现了由认知局限性而带来的倾向。 50)Chomskys grammar should show patterns of language change （0.5） that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it（0.5）, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies（0.5） between particular types of word-order relations.（0.5） 结构解析： 1.Chomskys grammar should show patterns主干 2.that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it定语从句 3. whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co- dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. 主干 4. of language change 后置定语 5. tracked through it 后置定语 6. between particular types of word-order relations. 后置定语 50)Chomskys grammar should show patterns of language change （0.5） that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it（0.5）, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies（0.5） between particular types of word-order relations.（0.5） 易错词： Family tree: 族谱-谱系 track: n 小路，小径 v: 追踪，跟踪 Strong：紧密的-强烈的 50)Chomskys grammar should show patterns of language change （0.5） that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it（0.5）, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies（0.5） between particular types of word-order relations.（0.5） 翻译技巧： 名词复数的翻译：Types: 代词指代： that: It: 过去分词短语做定语：Tracked through: 名词作定语+增词：Greenbergian universality: 格林伯格的普遍性理论 各种类型、 这些模式 语言谱系 50)Chomskys grammar should show patterns of language change （0.5） that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it（0.5）, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies（0.5） between particular types of word-order relations.（0.5） 50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该体现了语言变化的模式，这些模式并不受语 言谱系或贯穿谱系路径的影响，而格林伯格的普遍性理论则预言了特 定语法次序关系类型之间所存在的紧密互依性。 宾语从句和被动句的翻译 宾语从句翻译原则： 1. 顺译原则 2. it做形式宾语的情况 1. 顺译原则 （1）用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语 从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。 I told him that because of the last condition, Id have to turn it down. 我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。 Can you hear what I say? 你听得到我所讲的吗？ I dont know that he swam across the river. 我不知道他游过了那条河。 I dont know how he swam across the river. 我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。 2. it做形式宾语的情况 （2）用it 作形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句 一般可按英语原文顺序翻译；it有时候可以不用翻译。 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。（it没有翻 译） I heard it said that he had gone abroad. 听说他已经出国了。（it没有翻译） 但有时候，也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面 翻译。 I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议，感到光荣。（it没有翻译） We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. 打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。（it翻译为 “这”） 被动句的翻译 各简单句不同时态和体的被动语态句式如下：各简单句不同时态和体的被动语态句式如下： He is asked to make a contribution to the insurance scheme. (一般现在时一般现在时) He was asked to. (一般过去时一般过去时) He will be asked to. (一般将来时一般将来时) He would be asked to. (过去将来时过去将来时) He is being asked to. (现在进行式现在进行式) He was being asked to. (过去进行式过去进行式) He has been asked to. (现在完成式现在完成式) He had been asked to. (过去完成式过去完成式) He will have been asked to. (将来完成式将来完成式) He would have been asked to. (过去将来完成式过去将来完成式) 6125 1英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 1.1 1.1 英语被动句译成汉语被动句英语被动句译成汉语被动句 汉语被动句除了使用汉语被动句除了使用“被被”这个词之外，这个词之外， 还使用其他一些词语，如还使用其他一些词语，如“受受”、“遭遭”、 “挨挨”、“给给”、“让让”、“叫叫”、 “由由”、“获获”、“使使”、“把把”、“得得 到到”、“受到受到”、“遭到遭到”、“予以予以”、 “加以加以”、“经过经过”、“为为所所”等等。等等。 6126 1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 They are deprived of their rights. 他们他们被剥夺被剥夺了权利。了权利。 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会我们随时都会被被出入机场的敌机出入机场的敌机发现发现。 If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. 如果方案如果方案被批准被批准了，工程将即刻动工。了，工程将即刻动工。 At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence. 由于能力太差由于能力太差,月底他就月底他就被解雇被解雇了。了。 6127 1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 How long will it be before black and white television sets are found only in museums? 还要过多久黑白电视机才会还要过多久黑白电视机才会成为成为博物馆的陈列品博物馆的陈列品 呢？呢？ The dictionaries have been affected with damp. 这些字典这些字典受潮受潮了。了。 The town was destroyed by an earthquake. 这座城镇在一次地震中这座城镇在一次地震中受到受到了严重了严重破坏破坏。 He was carefully nursed by Carries mother. 他他受到受到嘉莉母亲的细心嘉莉母亲的细心护理护理。 6128 1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 He was set upon by two masked men. 他他遭到遭到两个蒙面人的两个蒙面人的袭击袭击。 Last year the region was visited by the worst drought in 100 years. 去年这个地区去年这个地区遭受遭受了了100年来最严重的年来最严重的旱灾旱灾。 A lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake. 许多房屋在地震中许多房屋在地震中遭到遭到了了破坏破坏。 6129 1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 Population growth can be controlled if we make up our mind. 如果下定决心，人口增长是能够如果下定决心，人口增长是能够加以控制加以控制的。的。 To separate iron from the impurities the iron ores must be melted. 为了使铁跟杂质分离，铁矿石必须为了使铁跟杂质分离，铁矿石必须经过冶炼经过冶炼。 I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我我为为这些话这些话所所深深深深感动感动，后来我就把它们写在圣，后来我就把它们写在圣 诞贺卡上。诞贺卡上。 6130 1 英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译 1.2 英语被动句译成汉语主动句英语被动句译成汉语主动句 Our plan has been approved by the president of our university. 校长批准了我们的计划。校长批准了我们的计划。 Large quantities of steam are required by modern industry. 现代工业需要大量蒸汽。现代工业需要大量蒸汽。 A new way of displaying time