城市景观设计综述.doc

The modern city landscape design现代城市景观设计Preface Landscape design is an integral part of urban design, but also the face of a city, one of the decisive factors. Landscape design is quite extensive, including a deal with the city space, the use of the characteristics of the original site, and contact between the surrounding environment, plaza, pedestrian street layout, street short as well as settings such as municipal facilities, both with regard to function, it also involves the visual and psychological problems. The concept of traditional landscape design to green-oriented, with the citys modernization and the urban population of the substantial increase in the functional requirements of the landscape is becoming more prominent, at the same time also called for a more aesthetic enrichment and diversification of town so large-scale use of hard landscape, in order to effectively solve the problem. 引言景观设计是城市设计的一个重要组成部分，也是一个城市的面貌，一个决定性的因素。景观设计是相当广泛的，包括与城市空间的处理，原厂址的使用特点，并与周围环境之间，广场、步行街的布局，街道短以及设置等市政设施，这两方面的功能，它还涉及到的视觉和心理问题。传统的景观设计，绿色为导向的概念，与城市的现代化和景观的功能需求大量增加，城市人口日益突出，同时也呼吁更多的审美的丰富和多样化的城市大规模使用的硬质景观，为了有效地解决问题。1.Article in the city constitute a hard on the basic elements of landscape, such as paving, steps, sculpture pieces and so on, through a detailed theoretical introduction, description of specific characteristics of these elements, the use of, and constitute the role of the urban landscape, image, vivid rich and instructive reference for now to carry out large-scale construction of the city has a positive meaning. 1.在市文组成硬质景观的基本要素，如铺路，步骤，雕塑小品等，通过详细的理论介绍，这些要素的具体特点的描述，使用，构成了城市景观，角色形象，生动丰富和有意义的参考现在进行大规模的城市建设有着积极的意义。2. The constituent elements of the urban landscape 2.城市景观的构成要素2.1 SURFACES 2.1面Natural environment from the ground, in the city the ground is always the need to do deal with rigid pavement. In addition to meet the required high-frequency, high-intensity use of functions, but also because the pavement is the creation of a city, one of the basic elements of landscape. Through the use of different pavement materials, can be divided into different uses of the ground to define the different characteristics of the space, you can identify the way forward, suggesting that the speed and rhythm of tour, at the same time through the pavement design changes, but also to create visual interest, constitute a space personality. 从地面的自然环境，在城市地面总是需要与刚性路面做交易。除了满足所需的高频，高强度的使用功能，还因为路面是创造一个城市，一个景观的基本要素。通过对不同路面材料的使用，可以分为地面不同的用途来定义的空间的不同特性，你可以确定前进的方向，这表明速度和节奏的旅游，同时通过路面设计的变化，而且还创造视觉趣味，构成空间个性。Designed to do the ground pavement at the time, need to consider the following factors: First of all, should be guided by the principle of a unified whole. Whether it is the choice of pavement materials, pavement design, or design, and other landscape elements should be considered simultaneously in order to ensure that the pavement on the ground in terms of vision or function have been unified into a whole. Change random pavement materials and designs, will only add to the chaotic sense of space, so a specific purpose in the absence of circumstances, can not transform the pavement adjacent to the form of materials and color. The second is security. Function should ensure that pavement strength requirements necessary to ensure surfacing both in dry or wet conditions are the same anti-skid and avoid the risk of pedestrian happen. The third is the appearance, including color, scale and texture. Colors do not want to do is bore neither bleak nor clear to the tacky. Change the color or texture, as long as the function to reflect the difference can be used at. Scale considerations will affect the choice of color and texture, as well as the design of拼缝. Road block size, color and texture and so on, and the venue should have the right relationship between scale, which is an important point. 设计时做地面，需要考虑以下因素：首先，应通过一个统一的整体原则为指导。无论是选择路面材料，路面设计，或设计，和其他景观要素应同时考虑，以保证在视觉或功能上地面的路面被统一成一个整体。变化随机路面材料和设计，只会增加混乱的空间感，所以在缺席的情况下，一个特定的目的，可以不改变相邻的材料和颜色的形成路面。二是安全的。函数应该确保路面强度的要求，有必要确保堆焊在干燥或潮湿的条件下是相同的防滑和避免风险发生的行人。第三是外观，包括颜色，纹理和规模。颜色不想做的就是没有也没有明确的俗气的凄凉。改变颜色或纹理，只要函数反映的差异可以用在。规模因素将影响颜色和质地的选择，以及拼缝设计。路块大小，颜色和纹理等，与场地之间应该有规模的正确的关系，这一点很重要。A lot of ground surfacing materials, primarily asphalt, concrete, tile, natural stone, gravel, etc., can be made in accordance with the requirements of the different selection. Asphalt surface and low cost, easy construction, commonly used in the driveway, sidewalks, road pavement parking. Color of the use of asphalt pavement can also change the monotony of the landscape. Concrete pavement due to its low cost and applicability of a strong and widely used. Cast-in-place concrete paving settings attention should be paid to expansion joints, and concrete block pavement is more flexible. The colorful tile surface, pattern and shape of the degree of freedom, and easy to create a cheerful, gorgeous atmosphere. Commonly used in public facilities in the entrance plaza, walkways, shopping malls and other places of the road pavement. Natural stone materials, especially granite paving, can often create a solemn, calm atmosphere, most important for the city lots. In order to avoid large-scale rigid pavement caused by environmental problems, at the possible conditions, can also be combined with green, forming grass pavement inlay.大量的地面铺装材料，主要是沥青、混凝土、砖、天然石、碎石等，可以与不同的选择要求为依据。沥青表面和成本低，施工方便，常用的车道，人行道，道路路面停车。对沥青路面使用的颜色也改变了景观的单调。混凝土路面由于其低成本和一个强大的和广泛使用的适用性。现浇混凝土铺装设置注意铸造应注意伸缩缝，和混凝土块路面更灵活。彩色瓷砖表面，自由度的图案和形状，和容易地创建一个开朗，华丽的气氛。常用的公共设施的入口广场，人行道，购物中心和其他地方的路面。天然石材，特别是花岗岩铺路，往往能创造一个庄严的，平静的气氛，为城市最重要的地段。为了避免大规模刚性路面由环境问题造成的，在可能的条件下，也可以结合绿色，形成嵌草路面。2.2 level, and curb ramp 2.2水平和缘石坡道Space in urban environment, natural causes or because of the various functions required, usually to change the floor height changes, and changes in floor height also tend to produce a rich and beautiful landscape of the city. One of changing the floor there is a high level of landscape design, and geo-stone ramp. 在城市环境中的空间，或因自然原因所需的各种功能，通常的楼层高度的变化而变化，并在地面高度的变化也会产生一个城市的丰富和美丽的风景。一个变化的地板上有一个高层次的景观设计，和地理石斜。Steps and the main function of the ramp is to make pedestrians from a high floor to another floor height, but at the same time the site has highlighted the great potential of environmental characteristics. When the level is designed to narrow and touches the heart, sometimes there is a wide sense of grandeur can be closed and mysterious, you can open and continuous. They will gradually spectacular, dramatic way to induce perception of pedestrian arrival means an excellent climax. 斜坡的步骤和主要功能是从一个高的楼一层高度使行人，但同时网站突出了环境特征的巨大潜力。当水平的目的是缩小和触动心灵，有时有一个宽的庄严感可以关闭和神秘，你可以打开和连续。他们将逐步壮观，导致行人到达知觉戏剧性的方式意味着一个很好的高潮。Stone is a kind of geopolitical ensure the safety of pedestrians, traffic guidance, soil and water, the protection of plant, as well as the distinction between road pavement and set boundaries in the driveway and sidewalk, the road and the green boundaries, the different pavement surface, such as the location of the boundary structures. Stone road, many different types of fate, there is pre-cast concrete, brick, natural stone and so on, modeling is also very rich. 石是一种地缘政治保证行人安全，交通诱导、土壤和水、植物保护，以及路面和车道和人行道设置边界之间的区别，道路和绿色边界、不同的路面如边界结构的位置。石板路，许多不同类型的命运，有预制混凝土、砖、天然石材等，造型也很丰富。2.3 Sculpture Pieces 2.3雕塑小品Sculpture is an important element of the urban landscape, which with its rich modeling language, to convey thoughts and feelings are unique. Sculpture and the urban environment of the geographic landscape, garden landscape and the landscape architecture of mutual infiltration and often constitute the characteristics of the city or community signs. The type of town a lot of sculpture, which belong to a class of short-type sculptures, most of its subject matter to peoples lifestyles and animal and plant-based, pay attention to reflect the characteristics of folk customs and places. Sculpture in order to achieve harmony with the environment should be in the planning, design, production and other aspects of serious consideration. The first is the layout: the location of sculpture and architecture with the surrounding natural environment is in harmony, composition at the landscape in which the status of the location of sculpture and the relationship between road traffic. The second is modeling: modeling how sculpture occupies space appropriate and what form language to attract passers-visual and psychological impact of their viewing. Third, body mass scale: in particular types of small-scale sculpture, with the view to maintain cordial relations. 雕塑是城市景观的重要元素，它以其丰富的建模语言，传达思想感情是独一无二的。雕塑与城市环境的地理景观，园林景观和相互渗透的景观建筑往往构成特征的城市或社区的迹象。大量的城市雕塑的类型，属于一类短型的雕塑，它的大部分题材的人们的生活方式和生活的动物和植物，注意反映民间习俗与场所的特点。以雕塑与环境达到和谐应在规划，设计，生产和认真考虑的其他方面。首先是布局：与周围的自然环境雕塑与建筑的位置是在和谐中，构成在景观中，雕塑的位置和道路交通状况之间的关系。二是建模：建模如何雕塑占据空间，适当的和什么形式的“语言”来吸引人的视觉和心理影响的观察。第三，体重秤：在小型雕塑的特殊类型，以保持良好的关系。The form of sculpture is usually divided into two categories, as with the abstract. Because of the sculpture as a direct acceptance for people, they are often more than an abstract sculpture, but many excellent image of an abstract sculpture sculpture as more than an image, more generally, a more concise, more typical, and, therefore, more interesting, people lost in hair. Traditional sculpture in stone, copper-based materials, but the development of modern science and technology for the sculpture provides a means to enrich the model with a dynamic arts, as the magic arts, electronic art, art lighting and sound performance of the novel art sculpture better meet the needs of people at different levels to enjoy the arts.雕塑的形式通常分为两大类与摘要。由于雕塑是人们直接接受，他们往往不止一个抽象雕塑，但许多优良形象抽象雕塑的不仅仅是一个图像，更普遍、更简洁、更典型。因此，更有趣的是失去了头发的人。传统的雕刻在石、铜基材料，但现代科学的发展为雕塑和技术提供了一种具有动态艺术丰富的模型，为神奇的艺术、电子艺术、艺术照明和小说的艺术雕塑，更好地满足人民的需要，在不同层次的享受艺术的声音表现。3. Conclusion 3.结论Designed in a modern urban landscape of the course, it is necessary to fully from a scientific point of view of the status of the urban environment. Want a comprehensive understanding of the scientific landscape design elements of city property and other characteristics of natural and urban ecological balance mechanism, the use of modern art theory and creative way to create a higher than that derived from the natural landscape of the city to meet the aesthetic needs of people. 在一个现代城市景观设计的过程中，要充分从科学的城市环境的现状出发。要全面理解科学的景观设计要素的城市性质和城市与自然生态平衡机制的特点，运用现代艺术理论和创造性的方式来创建一个高于来自城市的自然景观得到满足人们的审美需求。However, a lot of cities in the modern landscape design similar to a very serious situation, and there is also a city is not in accordance with the natural conditions of the orig