《英语短文改错》PPT课件.ppt

高考短文改错 题型剖析与解题策略,Outline,一、高考试题分析 二、考情分析 三、真题点睛 四、备考策略,Outline,一提升高度看高考,2017年高考英语试卷基于英语学科必备知识，关键能力，学科素养及核心价值的要求，恰当选材，巧妙设问，不仅全面考查学生的听说读写等关键能力，还渗透学生的人文底蕴，交际能力，思辨精神和学习能力等学科素养的要求。 知识立意-能力立意-素养立意,语言能力,文化品格,学习能力,思维品质,英语核心素养,英语课程目标,二. 高考英语短文改错特点,“短文改错”是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，旨在考查学生在阅读理解的基础上发现并纠正短文中的词法，句法，时态，固定搭配和行文逻辑等不同类型错误的能力，特别是考查学生使用英语的熟练程度。 近几年高考多以记叙文，说明文呈现，对语言的评价与校正的能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。 1、题目一般都设计得比较灵活，知识覆盖面广，短文改错的考点可分为三类：词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑错误。 2、改错考点分布具有平均分布的规律。 3、错误的形式分别为缺词、多词和错词，改错词是最主要的形式，是考查的重点。,近几年高考短文改错考点分布,词汇考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词，涉及到词法、句法、上下文语境和搭配以及行文逻辑等方面的错误。,实词以改变形式为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则；以保持原意不变为原则;以改动最小为原则;一个句子（以句号为单位）出现错误不超过2个为原则 修改：增加：删除 8:1:1(常见原则),四高考短文改错题型剖析与解题策略,考点1：谓语 时态 语态 情态动词+动词原形 时态命题特点及改正方法： 常见现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年考率约100%。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时；或者通常整篇都是现在，突然一个句子用过去时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。,考情分析：,(2015年全国新课标I) When I was a child , I hoped to live in the city. I think I would thought (时态不一致) be happy there. (2016年全国新课标I) some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that have ( 整篇文章都用的是现在的语境，考查时态不一致) the key to his success is honest. (2016年全国新课标III) However, my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell told(作者这几句是在回忆13到19岁那几年的事，语境在过去，考查时态不一致） me what to do and how to do it. (2017年全国I) once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me. went (整篇文章说的是18岁生日前的那个暑假上驾驶课的事，语境在过去，故要用一般过去时。 考查时态不一致),（2017年全国II） When summer came, they will invite their students pick the comes (文章的整个语境说的是现在的一般情况，故需要用现在时) fresh vegetables! （2017全国卷III）About one mouth after this photo was took, taken (考查被动语态，构成谓语的分词） I entered my second year of high school and become a new became ( 语境说的是过去的故事，故此处要用一般过去时) member of the school music club. （2018年安庆二模） if you met a question when reading, you can immediate meet (本文说明文整个语境是现在,而且是条件状语从句中),语态及其他情况：,(2015年全国新课标I) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become . (2015年全国新课标I) We must found ways to protect your environment. find (情态动词后接动词原形) (2016年全国新课标I) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. used （被动语态） (2016年全国新课标II) We can chose between staying at home and choose （情态动词后用动词原形） (2016年全国新课标II) Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby can 或should （表示建议要求命令内容的宾从谓语需用特殊形式 should+动词原形，其should也可省略掉）,(2017年全国I) ”speed up!” “slow down” “Turning left !” I was so. Turn ( 祈使句的开头用动词原形，是祈使句的谓语，也可根据并列意识),考点2：非谓语动词（高考考察率约100%)）,命题特点及改正方法： 1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用； 2）动词不定式和动名词的错用； 3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。,考情分析：,（2015年全国新课标II） After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around looking (谓语与非谓语错用) (2016年全国新课标II) We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. taking( 介词between的宾语，和前面staying并列，也可用并列思维解决此题) （2016年全国新课标III） I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. wearing(介词by的宾语，需用动名词),（2017年全国II） they will invite their students pick the to (考动词不定式少to) fresh vegetables （2018年安庆二模） Secondly, their colors will change depend on how depending （分词做状语，需借助句法理论） the surroundings change,考点3：三大类从句引导词 (高考考察率约85%),命题特点及改正方法： 句子结构方面的错误主要涉及，句法，句子成份和复合句的关联词等。 解答这类题从以下方面来思考： 1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺； 2）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或连接词是否得当等。,考情分析：,（2016年全国新课标I） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. where ( 介词宾语从句的引导词，分析句子成份的同时需考虑语义) （2016年全国新课标II） My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. what ( 介词宾语从句的引导词，分析句子成份的同时需考虑语义) (2017年全国新课标II） In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop which (考查非限制性定从引导词) of their house.,(2017年全国新课标III） Around me in this/the picture are the things they were that/which (从句法句子成份的角度考查定语从句) very important in my life at the time （2018年安庆二模） I think the books will be quite different from that they what (介词宾语从句的引导词，分析从句成份) are now.,考点4：形容词和副词( 高考考查率几乎100%),命题特点及改正方法： 主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。 1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误； 2）修饰名词用形容词，系表结构用形容词； 3）修饰行为动词、形容词、副词过去分词及整个句子用副词，在句首用副词。,考情分析：,（2015年全国新课标I） global warming has already become a very seriously problem. serious (修饰名词需用形容词) （2015年全国新课标II） Dad and I were terrible worried. terribly (修饰形容词需用副词) （2016年全国新课标I） he hopes that our business will grow steady. steadily （修饰行为动词需用副词） （2016年全国新课标III） They were also the best and worse years in my life. worst （最高级，可用并列意识做题，worst和best并列） so I hoped I could be freely from them. free( 用做表语需用形容词，习惯搭配be free from),（2017年全国新课标I） A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car . later (近似副词误用) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle sudden (词性考查：修饰名词需用形容词) （2017年全国新课标II） In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables interested (v-ed 与v-ing 这类形容词的误用) They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. early (副词原级与比较级),（2017年全国新课标III） I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and different ( 词性考查) planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums latest ( 原级与最高级，此题因词义不同也可用习惯搭配用法来做题) （2018年安庆二模） you can immediate get an answer by “talking” immediately (词性考查：修饰动词需用副词) with the book.,考点5：名词 ( 高考考察率几乎100% ),命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数；本来用单数，却用复数。 改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份 (2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.,考情分析：,(2015年全国新课标I) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. air ( 可数名词与不可数名词) (2016年全国新课标I) My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. honesty (词性考查) (2016年全国新课标II) .and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. knowledge ( 可数与不可数) (2016年全国新课标III) The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time years (单复数：根据上下文语义) for me .,(2017年全国新课标I) The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down”. words (单复数，上下文行文逻辑) (2017年全国新课标II) they often get some useful informations from the Internet. information ( 可数与不可数) (2018年安庆二模) how the surroundings change, which will be good for eye. eyes (单复数，根据语义词义),考点6：代词,命题特点： 1.男女性代词用反； 2.单数指代复数； 3.代词词性用错； 4.缺少人称代词。 5除了人称代词，还有学生易错常用不定代词之类的考查 根据上下文的逻辑关系以及人称代词的数和格的一致问题.,考情分析：,（2016年全国新课标I） Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady his (代词人称用错，根据上下文) （2016年全国新课标II） If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and our (人称用错，上下文行文逻辑) It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. much (相似不定代词的考查) （2016年全国新课标III） I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. myself (反身代词人称用错，根据上下文) but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. I (分析句子成份，缺少人称代词),（2017年全国新课标II） Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. Both/all （2017年全国新课标III） This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. my(人称用错，根据上下文逻辑),考点7：并列连词（并列结构，并列句）,上下文连接词（副词）,命题特点： 主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。 改正方法： 1）根据句意确定错误； 2）根据句子的上下文逻辑关系确定错误。,考情分析：,（2015年全国新课标I） There the air is clean or the mountains are green. and （2016年全国新课标I） Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high and quality oil are using for cooking. (2016年全国新课标II） If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. and (2017年全国新课标I) Before getting into the car, I thought I had learnt the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. but/yet,(2017年全国新课标III) I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the but( not onlybut also) past few years. (2018年安庆二模) they will look like the pads today, but their sizes will and/so be changeable, too.,考点7 冠词,命题特点及改正方法： 英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题： 1）不定冠词a和an互改； 2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改； 3）根据需要增删冠词。,考情分析：,（2016年全国新课标I） he never dreams of becoming rich in the short a period of time. （2017年全国新课标I） I still remember how hard first day was. the/my (2018年安庆二模) In word, I think books in the future will be a(固定搭配） more useful,考点8 介词 数词等(习惯用法，单个介词的 常用意义等),考情分析： （2016年全国新课标I） he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. of （2017年全国新课标I） In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took eighteenth It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road . Of （2017年全国新课标II） They have also bought for some gardening tools. (2018年安庆二模) Id like to share my ideas about books in the future to you. with,2017全国卷I,In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday. I eighteenth took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first my/the day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, but/yet my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me went altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed words up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much Turn nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late