四级辅导--四六级作文(2)--论说文写作.doc

四六级辅导-写作（论说文）四/六级作文辅导（二）论说文写作一结构（一）：问题解决型（Problem-Solution）-对某一问题进行分析,找出解决办法,表达自己的看法. l 常用句型（Structure/Sentence Pattern）第一段：提出问题（what/why）句型： Nowadays，we have to face a problem that(问题) Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem(问题) It is important for us to(问题)第二段：解决问题 (How)句型： People have figured out many ways to solve the problemFirstly，(解决方法一)Secondly，(解决方法二), Confronted with(问题)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situationFirstly，(解决方法一)Secondly，(解决方法二), 第三段：表达自己的立场句型： 1)Personally，I believe that(我的方法)To me，I am taking two ways to solve the problem of(问题)One of them is(我的方法)The other way is(方法二)By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y(结果) 2) In conclusion/In a word/To sum up/In summary/Obviously/Its clear that/Its no doubt that.l 思维框架（Mindmap）1引介-引入要讨论的话题（Introduction （Statement/thesis）：2主体（body）要讨论的主题句（topic sentence）:所面临的问题(what)：此问题是如何引起的(why)?如何解决此问题(how)?3结论(conclusion)- 重述主题论点或总结概括各要点（Restate / summarise）：二结构（二）：因果关系型-对某现象进行因果原因分析l 思维框架（Mindmap）1.引介（Introduction）:2.主体部分主题句（topic sentence）: 段落1（Body Paragraph 1）段落2（Body Paragraph 2）段落3（Body Paragraph 3）要点（topic sentence）理由（Reason 1）要点（ topic sentence ）理由（Reason 2）要点（ topic sentence ）理由（Reason 3）举证（事例、数据、引言等）（Supporting Facts举证（事例、数据、引言等）（Supporting Facts举证（事例、数据、引言等）（Supporting Facts3结论(Conclusion)三议论文写作框架/模版A 问题解决型1. 模板一 (第1句)With the development/improvement of (铺垫) , (写某一问题) . (第2句)It is necessary that (关注解决现象引出的问题很必要) . (第3句)On the one hand, (解决问题很必要的理由一) . (第4句)On the other hand, (解决问题很必要的理由二) . (第5句)Therefore, how to (承上启下,提出要解决的问题) is worth paying attention. (第6句)Firstly (解决办法一) . (第7句)Secondly (解决办法2) . (第8句)For example, (举例解释解决办法2) . (第9句) Thirdly, (解决办法三) . (第10句)In other words, (阐明解决办法三) . (第11句)In fact, ways to (指出解决问题的办法多种多样) are countless. (第12句)Its time that (强调解决问题时不可待) . 【本模式作文范文】2004 年 1 月真题:Reduce Waste on Campus (第1句)With the improvement of living standard, waste on campus is increasingly serious. (第2句)It is necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus. (第3句)On the one hand, our waste has already caused a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity. (第4句)On the other hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our society a burden. (第5句)Therefore, how to eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention. (第6句)Firstly, we should turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible. (第7句)Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes. (第8句)For example, we should use a basin when we clean faces. (第9句)Thirdly, we should be economical. (第10句)In other words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. (第11句)In fact, the ways to reduce waste on campus are countless. (第12句)Its time that we cultivate the habit of thrift in every possible way. 2. 模板二 (第1句)There has been a discussion recently about （提出现存的问题）. (第2句)It is obvious that （解决问题很必要的理由一）. (第3句) Additionally, （解决问题很必要的理由二）. (第4句)So it is high time, （承上启下,说明解决问题的必要性）. (第5句)First of all, （解决办法一）. (第6句)The reason is （解决办法一的理由）. (第7句)Secondly （解决办法二）. (第8句)That is to say, （阐明解决办法二）. (第9句)Thirdly, （解决办法三）. (第10句)In fact, more than three ways can be adopted, （指出解决问题的办法多种多样）. (第11句) As for me, （个人立场）. (第12句)All in all, （总结全文）. 【本模式作文范文】Reduce Waste on Campus (第1句)There has been a discussion recently about waste on campus. (第2句)It is obvious that a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity have been caused by waste. (第3句)Additionally, our waste adds our parents and society a burden. (第4句)So it is high time that we took actions to reduce the waste on campus. (第5句)First of all, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or clean faces, or wash clothes and dishes. (第6句)The reason is that there is a great shortage of water in the word. (第7句)Secondly, we should be economical. (第8句)That is to say, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. (第9句)Thirdly, we should turn off the light when we leave dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible. (第10句)In fact, more than three ways can be adopted. (第11句)As for me, the cultivation of good habit of thrift is most important for all of us. (第12句)All in all, every college student should join in the efforts to combat the waste on campus. 3. 模板三 (第1句)I t is certain that （提出问题及解决的必要性）. (第2句)For one reason, （解决问题很必要的理由一）. (第3句)For another, （解决问题很必要的理由二）. (第4句)However, some still puzzle on how to （转折到如何解决问题）. (第5句)Here come some suggestions（呈上指出解决问题的方法很多）. (第6句)To begin with, （解决办法一）. (第7句)Secondly （解决办法2）. (第8句)For instance, （举例阐明）. (第9句)Thirdly, （解决办法三）. (第10句)That is because （其理由）. (第11句)The solution vary according to different situations（.解决问题的办法随具体情况不同而变化根本途径）. (第12句)Therefore, （总结全文,要灵活地依据具体情况处理问题.）. B 观点论证型1. 模板一 (第1句)It is true that （提出普遍存在地观点）. (第2句)However, （谈不同地观点）. (第3句)I think （自己地观点,即文章地论点）. (第4句) （过度句,转折到观点地论证,由题目选择具体的词） can be listed as follow. (第5句)First of all, （论证理由一）. (第6句)Secondly （论证理由二）. (第7句)For example （举例具体说明理由二）. (第8句)Thirdly, （论证理由三）. (第9句)A case in point is （举例说明理由三）. (第10句)It goes without saying that （提出执行该观点时应注意的事项）. (第11句)There is no doubt that （得出结论）.(第12句)In conclusion （总结全文）. 【本模式作文范文】It Pays to Be Honest It is true that most of us value honesty highly. However, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc. I think that we should be honest because being honest is not only the whole society. The reasons can be listed as follows. Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends over a long period of time. Secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the Chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious. For example, consumers will not be afraid of being overcharged if dealers are honest, and on the contrary dealers can win more customers. Thirdly, honesty can make our society. A case in point is that Singapore which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate. It goes without saying that being honesty is of benefit to both the same and the individual. There is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty. In conclusion, laying stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society. 2.模板二 (第1句)Some people believe that （直接提出本文的观点）. (第2句)The truth is deep and profound（进一步强度观点的正确性）. (第3句)As we know, （论证理由一）. (第4句)In addition, （论证理由二）. (第5句)There are numerous examples （承上启下）. (第6句)A case in point is （举例一具体论证）. (第7句)There is close to suggest （总结例一）. (第8句)For another example （举例二具体论证）. (第9句)Moreover, （举例三具体论证）. (第10句) All mentioned above tell us （总结上下,重申论点）. (第11句)But one thing we have to notice is that （指出该论点应注意什么）. (第12句)In a word, （总结）. 【本模式作文范文】It Pays to Be Honest Some people believe that many dishonesties, such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc. ruin our normal life, and they maintain that being honest is not only beneficial to others but also to oneself. The truth is deep and profound. As we know, if one is honest, other people will deeply respect him or her, and are willing to make friends with him or her. In addition, being honest can make peoples life easier and more harmonious. There are numerous examples supporting the argument. A case in point is that Singapore which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate. This is close to suggest that honesty can make our society more stable, and all people can live a peaceful life there. For another example, buyers usually like to make a deal with the dealers they trust. Moreover, the dealer, such as Tongrentang Herbal Medicine Shop which runs business honestly is more likely survive the fierce market competition. All mentioned above tell us that it is high time that we took action to fight against dishonesty. But one thing we have to notice is that sometimes we need white lies to comfort the patients who have suffered serious illness. In short, we should let the dishonesty have no place to stay in our society.C对比选择型1. 模板一 (第1句)Different people have different views on (开门见山直入主体,表明对某事人们的不同看法). (第2句)Some people perfer, (表明一部分人的看法). (第3句) Others tend to (另一部分的看法). (第4句)As to me, I agree with /to (作者的看法). (第5句)Of course, (承认自己不赞同的看法有一定的合理性). (第6句)For example, (举例说明支持第五句). (第7句)But, (转折指出这种观点的不足). (第8句)The following reasons can account for my preference (启下句过度到下段具体阐述自己所支持的观点的理由). (第9句)The main reason is (支持观点的理由一). (第10句)A good example to illustrate is (举例说明理由一). (第11句)Fur another, (理由二). (第12句)From the foregoing, (总结全文,从长远看). 【本模式作文范文】2002 年 6 月真题:Is a test of spoken necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). (第1句)Different people have different views on it. (第2句)Some prefer to have such a test. (第3句)Others tend to decline any kind of test of spoken English. (第4句)As to me, I agree with the first statement. (第5句)Of course, a test of spoken English is very difficult to handle and the test time is not long enough to fully display participants ability to spoken in English. (第6句)For example, if a candidate draws a topic which he of she is not familiar with, its hard to show his or her command of spoken English. (第7句)But without such a test, some people may not have motivation to practise spoken English. (第8句)The following reasons can account for my preference. (第9句)The main reason is that such a test enhances college students awareness of the importance of spoken English. (第10句)A good example to illustrate is that several years ago, college students only stressed reading and writing skills, ignoring to building up listening and speaking ability. (第11句)For another, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easier. (第12句)From the foregoing, I think a test of spoken English is of necessity. 2. 模板二(第1句)There is no complete agreement among people as to (开门见山直入主体, 表明对某事人们的不同看法). (第2句) Some people consider, (表明一部分人的看法). (第3句)However, others think, (另一部分的看法). (第4句)Some people may say (观点一的理由) .(第5句)They hold this opinion because (深入阐述观点一的理由). (第6句)However, others believe, (观点二的理由) .(第7句)They argue that, (深入阐述观点二的理由) . (第8句)Personally,I am in favor of the (我的立场) . (第9句)Firstly, (个人看法依据一) . (第10句)Secondly, (个人看法依据二) . (第11句)Most important of all (个人看法依据三) .(第12句)Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, we/I may reasonably conclude that (总结全文) . 3. 模板三 (第1句)When asked about (开门见山直入主体,表明对某事人们的不同看法) ,different people will offer different opinions. (第2句)Some people take it for granted that (提出观点一) . (第3句)In their opinion, (观点一的理由一) . (第4句)Besides (观点一的理由二) . (第5句)However, others hold (提出观点二) . (第6句)They maintain (观点二的理由一) . (第7句)And (观点二的理由二) . (第8句)Weighing up these arguments, I am for (我的观点) . (第9句)For one thing (个人观点理由一) . (第10句)For anther, (个人观点理由二) . (第11句)For instance, (举例说明) .(第12句)Therefore, as stated above (综上所述再次强调自己的观点) . 【本模式作文范文】Is a test of spoken necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). (第1句)When talking about it, different people will offer different opinions. (第2句)Some people take it for granted that college students should take a test of spoken English. (第3句)In their opinion, it is good chance for them to test their spoken English. (第4句)Besides, it also makes them know the importance of the spoken English. (第5句)However, others hold that a test of spoken English is unnecessary in the university and colleges. (第6句)They maintain that college students practice of spoken English is not for testing but for daily use. (第7句)And they think it is hard to manage such a subjective test. (第8句)Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the first point of view. (第9句)For one thing, spoken English is very important. (第10句)For another, a test of spoken English can guide and supervise students to make conversation practice. (第11句)For instance, when choosing books and other materials, students can pick them according to the bands of the test they want to take. (第12句)Therefore, as stated above, the first point of view can hold water.D 现象解释型模板(第1句) (最近出现的总体现象)has been brought into focus. (第2句)Nowdays, (现象的具体表现一). (第3句)In addition, (现象的具 体表现二). (第4句)Many reasons contribute to (过度句到分析原因). (第5句)Generally speaking , (承上启下开始列举原因). (第6句)First of all, (原因之一).(第7句)More over, (原因二).(第8句)Therefore , (对原因一二进行总结). (第9句)As far as I am concerned, (对现象的看法). (第10句)As we known , (支持看法的理由一).(第11句)Furthermore, (理由二). (第12句)In a word, (总结).四议论文写作参考题例真题00.1 How I Finance My College Education? 01.1 How to Succeed in A Job Interview? 1 (2000.1) How I finance My College Education1、上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决。2、哪种途径适合我（说明理由）。How I finance My College Education With the reform of the educational system in China, higher education is no Longer free. Students must pay for their schooling. But many families find it difficult to afford the tuition and fees. How do they solve this problem? In fact, many measures have been taken to help talented students with financial difficulty to finish their college education. Students can apply for bank loans which will cover their tuition and fees at college and repay the money gradually after they graduate and earn money. In this way, the students can be relieved of the financial pressure during their years of study. Universities also provide scholarship or benefits for students with honors or from poor families. In addition, there are also warm-hearted volunteers who donate money to students from poverty-stricken areas for their college education.I am lucky to be born in a well-off family and my parents provide me with all my tuition and fees. But I do not want to be totally dependent on my parents, so I take part-time jobs in my spare time and try to save some money for my tuition and fees. (187 words)所面临的问题(what)如何解决此问题(how)?我的途径2 (2001.1)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Succeed in a Job interview? You should write at least 100 words and you should based your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1、面试在求职过程中的作用。2、取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是。How to Succeed in a Job Interview? Besides written documents like resume and recommendation letters, an employer needs some first-hand information about the applicant, such as his appearance and response. So a job interview often comes after ones application has been accepted. As the employer will base his final decision on the performance of the candidate in the interview, job interviews are of great importance to any applicant. To some extent, to succeed in a job interview is to succeed in acquiring the job. If you are going to have a job interview, please pay attention to the following things. First of all, be sure to arrive on time. lf you are late, even if only one minute, your chance of getting the job will become gloomy. Secondly , be careful about your appearance. Your dress should be neat, formal and proper for the occasion. Thirdly, be polite to your interviewer but confident of yourself. Your good manners and confidence will leave a pleasant impression on your future boss.A job interview is both a challenge and an opportunity for you. Bear the above points in mind, and I believe you can grasp the chance. Good luck! (190 words)IntroductionGiving suggestionsRestatement五议论文写作练习（模拟题）【1】Model Test One(Composition2)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write On Second Majors of Colleges to describe the situation and give suggestions on choosing second majors for college students. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 许多学校都开设了第二专业供学生选择。2. 学生选择第二专业的目的多种多样。3. 我个人的看法是 On Second Majors of CollegesNowadays, many universities and colleges offer various second majors to students to choose from. For instance, higher mathematics for those who are interested in math competitions; English for those who devote themselves to the language development and so on. Students choose different second majors for different purposes. Some students want to further upgrade themselves in another field. They think they can learn much knowledge and more skills from the course even though it might not be much fun. Some simply choose what they like or find a way to kill their spare time. They dont care what may be gained. And still others choose the course just out of admiration for the honorable and well-known teachers, so they can learn something under the guidance of the great master. As far as Im concerned, my second major in this term is “Advanced Oral English”. The reason why I have chosen it is that Im extremely interested in English, especially oral English. I think having a good command of oral English is a skill indispensable for job-huntin