大工11春《大学英语3(开放英语3)》辅导资料五.doc

大连理工大学网络教育学院大学英语3（开放英语3）辅导资料五主 题：Unit 25Unit29的复习（一）学习时间：2011年5月9日5月15日内 容： 我们这周主要复习Unit 25Unit29的相关内容。希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对这几个单元相关词汇、短语和语法的理解。一、学习要求1掌握Unit 25Unit29所涉及的相关词汇、短语和语法。二、主要内容1have的意义及一些用法实义动词have有不同意义，它还可以构成不同的结构，用来表达不同的意义下面分别举例说明 I have a lot of work to do.（我有很多工作要做。）此句中的have作“有”讲，后面的to do是定语，修饰名词work to do与work之间呈逻辑上的动宾关系，因此to do后面不能再跟宾语 Ive just had/got some photos taken. （我刚才让别人照了几张照片。）We had/got the machine mended just now. （我们刚才请人把机器修好了。）He had/got his hair cut.（他刚才请人给他理发了。）The patient is going to have/get his temperature taken.（这个病人准备让人量体温。）have/get sth done, 即“have/get + sth （宾语）+ 过去分词（宾语补足语）” 意为 “让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。 We had no trouble (in) finding his house. 我们毫不费劲地找到了他的家 此句中的finding是动名词，作介词in的宾语。这里的介词in也可以省略形式上与其相类似的结构还有：have a problem (in) doing sth (做某事有问题)have difficulty (in) doing sth (做某事有困难)have a difficult time (in) doing sth (做某事有困难)have a struggle (in) doing sth (做某事很费劲)have fun (in) doing sth (做某事很有趣)have a good/wonderful/pleasant time (in) doing sth (做某事很愉快)2反身代词的作用 作某些动词的宾语Make yourself at home.（请随便。/不要拘束。）I cant express myself in English.（我不能用英语表达思想。）He is teaching himself Japanese.（他在自学日语。） 作介词宾语 She is worried about herself.（她为自己担心。）Be strict with yourself.（律己要严。） 作表语，用于be，feel，look等后，表示感觉、情绪或状态。He isnt quite himself these days.（他近来身体不太舒服。）She feels more herself today.（她今天感觉好多了。）He looked himself yesterday.（他昨天看起来挺正常。） 作状语，常常起强调的作用，译为“亲自”或“自己”。I did it myself.（这是我自己做的。）Did you paint the house yourselves?（你们的房子是自己粉刷的吗？）补充 反身代词构成的短语： by oneself 独自一人，独立地；自动地 He lives by himself. (=alone) 他独身一人。I can work out this math problem by myself.（我自己能解出这道题。） enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快The girls always enjoy themselves.（这几位女孩一直过得很快活。） help oneself to sth 随意使用(用于招待客人)Please help yourself to some fish.（请吃点鱼。）3both, either与neither之间的比较 作代词 both是“两者都”的意思。both可与of连用，of后的复数名词前需加冠词或者物主代词。both of .作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Both are right. = Both of the answers are right.（这两个答案都对。） either用作代词时，意为“二者之一”，可单独使用，也可以和表示范围的of短语连用，of后的名词一般为复数，并且是特指。例如：Do you want tea or coffee?（你要茶还是咖啡？）Either is OK.（哪一种都行。）Is either of your parents coming to see you next week？（下周你父亲或母亲要来看你吗？） neither是“两者都不”。它可与of连用。of后的复数名词前需加冠词或者物主代词。neither of the/物主代词+名词复数 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Neither of the boys knows my brother.（那两个男孩都不认识我弟弟。） 作形容词 both，两者都，与复数名词连用。如：Both doors are open.（两扇门都开着。） either，两者之间任何一个的，任何一方的，与单数名词连用。如：On either side of the river there are lots of big trees.（河的两边都有许多大树。） neither，两者都不，与单数名词连用。如：Neither boy is going there.（两个男孩都不打算去那里。） 作副词 both，两者。如：I like them both.（我喜欢他们两个。） either，也(不)。用于否定句中。如：I dont like fishing. David doesnt like fishing, either.（我不喜欢钓鱼，大卫也不喜欢。） neither，也不。用于肯定句，表示否定含义。如： He cant swim，and neither can I.（他不会游泳，我也不会。） 词组both.and.（既又），either.or.（或者或者），neither.nor.（既不也不），它们都可以连接句中任何相同成分。 连接两个主语both.and.连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Both she and I are going to do the cleaning.（我和她两个人都要做清洁工作。） either.or.与neither.nor.连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与毗邻的主语在人称、数上保持一致。如：Either you or I am wrong.（不是你错，就是我错。）Neither her father nor her mother is a teacher.（她的父亲和母亲都不是老师。） 连接两个谓语。如：She can both side sing and dance.（她能歌善舞。）You may either stay or go.（你可以留下，也可以走。）He neither drinks nor smokes.（他既不喝酒也不抽烟。） 连接两个表语。如：The room is both bright and clean.（屋子既明亮又干净。）She looks either a worker or a doctor.（她看上去或许是一个工人，或许是一个医生。）It is neither cold nor hot.（天气既不冷也不热。） 连接两个宾语。如：She teaches us both English and PE.（她既教我们英语也教我们体育。）You speak either English or Chinese in class. （在班里你可以说英语也可以说汉语。）Daniel likes neither reading nor writing.（丹尼尔既不喜欢读也不喜欢写。）4情态动词现在完成时(must, should, could . + have + 过去分词)用法 may (might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Mary may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.（玛莉可能在交通事故中受重伤了。）Mary can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.（玛莉可能在交通事故中受重伤了。）此外，could have done sth 也可以表示过去能做而没有做的事，意为“本来可以（可能） ”，有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜之情。如：He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.（本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。） must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”的意思。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.（昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。）He must have been mad to speak to the wall.（你对着墙说话，一定是发疯了。） ought to have done sth, should have done sth 表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。Tom, you are too lazy. The work should/ought to have been finished yesterday.（汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。）ought to 在语气上比should 要强。 neednt have done sth表示本没必要做某事I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came.（我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。）三、课后练习阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。We should remember that we all learned our own language well when we were children. If we could learn _1_ second language in the same way, it would not seem so _2_. Think _3_ what a small child does. It listens to what people say and tries _4_ what it hears. When it wants something, it has to ask _5_ it. It is using the language, talking in it, and thinking in it all the time. If people _6_ use a second language all the time, they would learn it quickly.We learn our own language _7_ hearing people speak it， not by seeing what they write. We imitate _8_ we hear. In school, though you learn to read and write _9_ to hear and speak, it is the best way _10_ all the new words through the ear. You can read them, speak them, and write them later.1A. aB. anC. theD. /2A. easyB. fastC. simpleD. difficult3A. ofB. outC. overD. through4A. imitateB. imitatingC. to imitateD. imitated5A. ofB. forC. afterD. about6A. couldB. shouldC. wouldD. had to7A. ofB. byC. onD. with8A. whatB. whenC. whereD. how9A. andB. butC. as well asD. as long as10A. learnB. learnsC. learningD. to