爱尔兰的经济政治.ppt

,Unit 12,Politics and Economy,Ireland is a representative democracy: that is to say ,most of its offices are filled through election ,either direct or indirect, by the Irish people . 爱尔兰实行代表民主制，也就是说，大部分的官员都是爱尔兰人民通过选举任职的，The structure of Irish government 爱尔兰的政府结构无论是直接或间接选举。 Is like most former colonies of Great Britain, the Irish Republic has a Prime Minister who appoints a cabinet to execute the daily business of government. 就像前面学的大不列颠国的殖民统治结构，爱尔兰共和国也有总理是他任命内阁谁来执行政府的日常工作 Checks and balances : that is ,the power of the executive branch of government can be checked by the legislature as well as by the judiciary, through courts which interpret the law. 制约和平衡:那就是权力的政府行政部门可以被立法机关以及司法机构制约,通过法院的解释法律。,Representative democracy 代表民主制,The president 总统 The president acts as a symbolic Head of State only and does not have executive functions. 总统是象征性的国家元首，并不具有行政能力。 The Constitution,however,envisages the President of Ireland as something more than a merely ceremonial Head of State. It gives the President certain powers that make the President in effect the Guardian of the Constitution. 但是，宪法却视爱尔兰总统不仅仅是形式上的国家元首。它赋予总统一定的权利，使总统成为宪法的保护人。 His tenure of office is normally coterminous with that of the Government. 他的任期通常与该届政府执行政期一致。,爱尔兰的党派 Irish republican (Fianna Fail, leader of the Blian Kowan); Irish unionist party (Fine Gael, leader Enda KENNY); Green Party (Green Party, Party leader Trevor SARGENT); Labor Party (Labor Party leader, Pat RABITTE); Irish revolutionary Democratic Party (, leader of the Progressive Demokrats Maly HARNEY); Sinn Fein (Sinn Fein leader, Gelry ADAMS); The socialists (leader of the Socialist Party, Joe HIGGINS); The Workers Party (PKK leader, Sean GARLAND). 爱尔兰共和党（Fianna Fil，党魁Blian Kowan) ；爱尔兰统一党（Fine Gael，党魁Enda KENNY）；绿党（Green Party，党魁Trevor SARGENT）；劳动党（Labor Party，党魁Pat RABITTE）；爱尔兰革命民主党（Progressive Demokrats，党魁Maly HARNEY）；新芬党（Sinn Fin，党魁Gelry ADAMS）；社会党（Socialist Party，党魁Joe HIGGINS）；工人党（The Workers Party，党魁Sean GARLAND）。,The Irish congress as a bicameral legislature, into the house of lords and the house of Commons Ireland Ireland. The upper house real power is very small, the 60 members of the real power in the house of Commons is larger, the 166 members of the composition 爱尔兰国会为两院制，分为爱尔兰上议院和爱尔兰下议院.上议院实权很小，由60名议员组成，下议院实权较大，由166名议员组成. The civil service is politically independent in the performance of its duties and has no involvement in party politics . 公务制度是一种行使职责时保持其政治独立的制度，不涉及任何党派纷争. The Irish legal system represents a compromise between the American and British . 爱尔兰的法律制度中和了英、美两种法律制度,The EU: Economic Policies 欧盟:经济政策,With this access ,Irelands dependence on its traditional partner, Great Britain, has been severely modified. 由于加入欧盟，爱尔兰对其传统贸易伙伴英国的依赖大大减弱了。 Apart form the massive infusion of structural funds, the EUs most important benefit for Ireland has been in granting it access to Europe. 除了得到大量的结构资金，爱尔兰从加入欧盟得到的最大好处是获准进入欧洲市场。,economic Ireland is a small ,open,trade-dependent economy.That it is small is self-evident.that is must be open follows logically from its size and Ireland s geographical position as an island on the western edge of Europe . 爱尔兰是一个小的 开放的trade-dependent的经济体制，这个小是不言而喻的。爱尔兰必须实行开放的政策，这是由国土面积和位于欧洲西部边缘的地理位置所决定的。,The wealthy had become almost indecently rich ;the poor had become more deprived ,and ,because of high visibility of the mew wealth , more aware of their deprivation. 新的财富并没有得到平等的分配，有钱人几乎富得让人反感，而穷人更加受到剥削，并且，人人可见的新财富，穷人更加感到被剥夺。 Until now these new inequalities are addressed, the ideals of equality and fraternity whi