MAXQDA2018文本检索和自动编码(官方说明中英文粗对照).doc

MAXQDA2018文本检索和自动编码（官方说明的中英文粗对照）说明：时间关系，没有进行精翻译，只是简单中文翻译器粗翻译后，进行对照呈现。但也基本上能理解其中的内容了，若有不明白的，可百度私信联系，共同探讨！10 - Search Text10.1 Search in the Four Main Windows10.2 Lexical Search10.3 Search Results10.4 Export Search Results10.5 Autocode Search Results10.6 Extended Lexical Search10.7 Keyword in Context (KWIC)10 - 搜索文本10.1在四个主窗口中搜索10.2词汇检索10.3搜索结果10.4导出搜索结果10.5自动编码搜索结果10.6扩展词汇搜索10.7关键字（KWIC）10.5 Autocode Search ResultsLike the segments in the “Retrieved Segments” windows, lexical search results can be automatically coded, meaning all text passages found in the search are assigned to a specific user code. This automatic coding has the advantage of being easy and reliable. The disadvantage, however, in comparison to human coding, is that there is no examination of the relevance of the text passage. The occurrence of a specified string in the text triggers the coding. For example, if the word “Mother” is automatically coded with the code “Family”, references to “Mother Earth” would also be included.To code the search results automatically, follow these steps:The best way to code search results automatically is to click on the Autocode search results with a new code symbol.In the dialog box that appears, enter the new code and click OK. The new code will be inserted at the top of code system.Autocode search results: Define a new codeIn the ensuing options window you can set the range before and after the search term as well as the weight, which is established during the coding process.Setting options for automatic coding of search resultsIn the “Code” field, you establish with which code MAXQDA should encode the search results. The “Quick list of codes” which lists the most recently used codes is displayed in this window. The code that you created earlier is automatically selected here. Furthermore, a weight value can be set for all coded elements, that is to say, all segments will be coded with the same weight.In the “PDF documents” field, you can set whether only the respective search result should be encoded, or whether additional words or sentences before and after the search results should be encoded as well.Note: Read the chapter on Extended Lexical Search to learn how MAXQDA recognizes sentences.In the “Text and table documents” field, you can also determine if whole sentences or paragraphs before or after the search result should be encoded.Setting the parameters for AutocodingSetting Paragraph with 0 Paragraphs before and 0 Paragraphs after means that only the paragraph in which the search term is found will be coded. If the term appears several times in one paragraph, it will nevertheless be coded only once.The setting 1 Paragraph after means that the paragraph in which the search term is found as well as the following paragraph will be coded. Again, if the term appears several times in one paragraph, it will nevertheless be coded only once.Note: If you do not want to code with a new code, but with an existing code from the “Code System”, you can use the Autocode search results option. Before you start the process, click on the desired code in the Code System, which will cause the code to appear in the list of recently used codes in the Autocode options window.Exclude Search Results from AutocodingFundamentally, all search terms that appear in the results list will be autocoded. However, before executing the autocode function, you can review the list of search terms in order to decide whether each term should be included or not. Once one or more lines in the results table have been selected, click on the red icon Autocode/Export: ignore hit in order to exclude the entry.The fastest way to exclude a term is to double-click in the first column.Exclude search terms from autocodingNote: The selected codes are incorporated into the undo coding list which can be accessed from the Code toolbar with the icon. This action can be reversed with a single command if necessary.10.5自动编码搜索结果与“检索到的细分”窗口中的细分受众群一样，词汇搜索结果可以自动编码，这意味着在搜索中找到的所有文本片段都会被分配给特定的用户代码。这种自动编码具有简单可靠的优点。然而，与人类编码相比，缺点是没有考察文本段落的相关性。文本中指定字符串的出现触发了编码。例如，如果“母亲”这个词是用代码“家庭”自动编码的，那么也包括对“地球母亲”的引用。要自动编码搜索结果，请按照下列步骤操作：自动对搜索结果进行编码的最佳方法是使用新的代码符号单击自动编码搜索结果。在出现的对话框中，输入新的代码并单击确定。新代码将被插入代码系统的顶部。自动编码搜索结果：定义一个新的代码在随后的选项窗口中，您可以设置搜索项前后的范围以及在编码过程中建立的权重。设置搜索结果自动编码的选项在“代码”字段中，您可以建立MAXQDA应该用哪个代码对搜索结果进行编码。在此窗口中显示“快速代码列表” - 列出最近使用的代码。您之前创建的代码在此处自动选择。此外，可以为所有的编码元素设置一个权重值，也就是说，所有的段将被编码相同的权重。在“PDF文档”字段中，您可以设置是否只对相应的搜索结果进行编码，或者对搜索结果前后的其他单词或句子是否应该进行编码。注意：请阅读扩展词汇搜索一章，了解MAXQDA如何识别语句。在“文本和表格文档”字段中，还可以确定是否应对搜索结果之前或之后的整个句子或段落进行编码。设置自动编码的参数设置段落前面的0段落和后面的0段落意味着只有找到搜索关键词的段落才会被编码。如果这个术语在一个段落中出现好几次，它将只被编码一次。在后面的设置1段意味着在其中找到搜索词的段落以及下一段将被编码。同样，如果该术语在一个段落中出现几次，它将只被编码一次。注意：如果您不想使用新代码进行编码，但使用“代码系统”中的现有代码，则可以使用“自动编码”搜索结果选项。在开始该过程之前，单击代码系统中所需的代码，这将使代码出现在自动代码选项窗口中最近使用的代码列表中。从自动编码中排除搜索结果从根本上说，结果列表中出现的所有搜索项将被自动编码。但是，在执行自动编码功能之前，您可以查看搜索词汇列表以决定是否包含每个词语。一旦结果表中有一行或多行被选中，点击红色图标自动编码/导出：忽略命中为了排除条目。排除术语的最快方法是在第一列中双击。从自动编码中排除搜索条件注意：所选代码被合并到撤销编码列表中，可以通过代码工具栏的图标访问。如果需要，这个操作可以通过单个命令来反转。10.6 Extended Lexical SearchThe Analysis Extended lexical search function, as with the simple search option, allows you to analyze your documents to a certain extent without having to have already done any coding. In addition to the simple search, the extended search offers to search for different combinations of search words. The searches can be carried out in:documents,memos, orthe coded segments currently called up in the “Retrieved Segments” window.The search can also be limited to those documents that are currently activated in the “Document Browser.”To start an extended lexical search:Go to the Analysis menu tab and click at the bottom of the Lexical Search entry.From the drop down menu select Extended Lexical Search.Extended lexical search dialogThe dialog is separated into several parts. At first you can enter search items in the text fieldsAll these search strings (AND combination)Any of these search strings (OR combination)None of these search strings (search strings for exclusion)Please note, that you can separate different search strings with a space. If you want to enter a combined search string you can use quotation marks like “Mahatma Gandhi” around your search string. Question mark (“?”) and asterisk (“*”) work as placeholders for a single character or for one or more charaters. Use for word end, will find “banks” and “thanks”, but not “bankside.”Hint: Please be aware that hyphenation can not be recognized in PDF-documents. In the upper right part of the dialog you can define, in which part of the project MAXQDA will search an in the options on the right you can define in which context the search items have to exist.All three search entries will be combined with AND. In the screen above MAXQDA will present all sentences in which “climate” and “energy” exist together, but not “politics.”Note: Sentences are defined by MAXQDA according to the following rules: A sentence always begins following a period, question mark, exclamation mark, or colon. The following exceptions apply:# A number that is not four digits appears before a period (e.g. 1. or 2.).# A single character appears before a period (to exclude abbreviations).# Two identical characters appear directly before a period (e.g. ff. or pp.).# Literal speech in quotation marks belonging to the sentence itself.# First letter after a sentence is in small letters.“扩展词汇搜索”功能可让您在一定程度上分析文档，而无需执行任何编码。除了简单的搜索之外，扩展搜索提供搜索搜索词的不同组合。搜索可以在：文件，备忘录或当前在“Retrieved Segments”窗口中调用的代码段。搜索也可以限制在“文档浏览器”中当前激活的那些文档。要开始扩展的词汇搜索：转到分析菜单选项卡，然后单击词汇搜索条目的底部。从下拉菜单中选择扩展词汇搜索。扩展的词汇搜索对话框该对话框分为几个部分。首先，您可以在文本字段中输入搜索项目所有这些搜索字符串（与组合）任何这些搜索字符串（或组合）这些搜索字符串（排除的搜索字符串）请注意，你可以用一个空格分隔不同的搜索字符串。如果要输入组合搜索字符串，可以在搜索字符串周围使用“圣雄甘地”等引号。问号（“？”）和星号（“*”）用作单个字符或一个或多个字符的占位符。 可检索单词的开始字母和结尾字母，会找到“banks”和“thanks” ，而不是“bankside”。【中文检索，用不到这个功能。】提示：请注意，PDF文档中不能识别连字符。在对话框的右上部分中，您可以定义在哪个部分项目MAXQDA将在右边的选项中搜索一个选项，您可以定义在哪个上下文中搜索项目必须存在。所有三个搜索条目将与AND组合。在上面的屏幕中，将显示“气候”和“能量”一起存在的所有句子，而不是“政治”。注意：句子由MAXQDA根据以下规则定义：句子总是以句号，问号，感叹号或冒号开头。以下例外适用：一个不是四位的数字出现在一个句点之前（例如1.或2.）。单个字符出现在句点之前（排除缩写）。两个相同的字符直接出现在句点之前（例如，页或页）。引号中的文字属于句子本身。一个句子之后的第一个字母是小写字母一个数字直接出现在句子结尾。引号在句子结束后立即出现。在文本或表格文件中，一个新的句子总是在一段之后开始。PDF文档中的句子识别是针对从左到右的语言进行优化的，并且可能无法按照预期使用从右到左的语言。10.7 Keyword in Context (KWIC)Often, you wish to determine the context in which a given term is used. In this case, you can create and print a so-called KWIC (KeyWord In Context) listing. The procedure is as follows:Perform a lexical search by keyword.Double click on any search result in the result table to exclude this result (a stop sign symbol indicates which lines are excluded).You now have two option: Export all KWIC-listing to XLS/S, HTML, or RTF by clicking the export icon. In a second step you can print this file. Or click the Autocode search results symbol to code the search results with a new code, e.g. “KWIC”. You could then double-click the KWIC code to see the overview of coded segments and continue your analysis from there.In both cases, a dialog window will appear and let you decide how much context to include, e.g. 1 sentence or