口译资料整理.doc

9Most Chinese cities close down after dinner, but Shanghai wont go to sleep so early. Shanghai, once famous for its nightlife and culture, after decades of depression, starts to regain its former reputation. With the rapid development of its economy, Shanghais nightlife has actually become rich in the past two or three years. In the urban area, people can kill time at night by various means. Popular nightclubs mostly dont close until 2am. Shanghai has various kinds of theaters, where plays, circus, traditional Chinese operas and concert are presented. Promoted by the development of first-class hotels, a large number of nightclubs, discos and karaoke lounges have emerged. People can play pool at an American bar, dance at a nightclub, and enjoy excellent wine and cigars in comfortable hotel lounges. However, although Shanghais nightlife is becoming mature, the western style entertainment the city can provide is still limited.Peking Opera is regarded as national quintessence in China whose accompaniment, melodies and costumes are all highly artistic. Peking Opera is full of Chinese cultural elements. It is not exaggerating to say that Peking Opera is an encyclopedia of Chinese culture. As Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation than other local operas, nearly every province in China has its own Peking Opera troupes. Peking Opera is very popular in China, especially with the senior, and its fans are known as “piaoyou” in Chinese. Peking Opera has a history of over 200 years. Though it is called Peking Opera, its main melodies were derived from “Xipi” melody in Anhui Province and “Erhuang” melody in Hubei Province. Later on, it borrowed techniques from many other local operas to become matured. It is generally accepted that Peking Opera was gradually formed after the four major Anhui opera troupes ventured into Beijing in 1790. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi, Peking Opera was once financed by the court and developed very quickly. Later it gradually became popular with the common people. Nanjing Yunjin Brocade is one of the Three Well-known Brocades in China. Its production might stretch back to the times of the Three Kingdoms. Yunjin derives its name from its gorgeous colors and designs, which are like the splendid clouds in the sky. It used to be among the articles of tribute to the imperial families during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The handicrafts made of Yunjin show a unique style of magnificence. The theme is usually traditional Chinese designs like dragon, phoenix and peony. They are gorgeous and elegant, highly ornamental, and rich in Chinese flavor. Therefore, they are very popular both at home and abroad. Yunjin skills represent the summit of hand weaving in human society, but today there are not more than 50 people in the world who master the art of Yunjin. This is because Yunjin skills are extremely sophisticated. Today, it is still impossible to handle them on electric looms. Nanjing Yunjin has always been woven on the old traditional looms, which demands the coordinated efforts of two workers. A whole days joint labor of two workers can produce only 5 centimeters of Yunjin. Hence the saying “an inch of Yunjin is worth an inch of gold”. Holiday tourism in China is a big moneymaker. The total income from entrance tickets alone at 100 major tourist spots could hit about RMB380 million. These places of interests include the Great Wall in Beijing, Mount Tai in Shandong Province, and the Potala Palace in the Tibet Autonomous Region. However, peoples enthusiasm for sightseeing seems to cool down, and tourism is not the top holiday program of entertainment. A recent survey showed that only 14.8% among some 71,000 respondents might go on a tour during the holiday. Unmanageable crowds of people at some tourist spots and poor services of the travel agencies are the major reasons for the declining interest in tourism. If the service industry stays at such a low level, its impossible for the holiday economy to mature. Recently, most customer complaint calls have been associated with bad service. Meanwhile, experts have warned that tourist-saturated holidays could prove disastrous for cultural and natural sites. 11 Chinas accession to the WTO might bring about a series of great reforms in its colleges and universities, including the opening of higher education sector to various investors and significant changes in the curriculum design. In the future, more overseas colleges and universities will enter the Chinese market, which will have a great impact on domestic higher education institutions. With a view to supporting Chinas education, the Chinese government will consider introducing investments from international financial institutions, foreign governments and individuals. With Chinas accession to the WTO, some Chinese colleges and universities are reforming their curriculum design. Five to ten percent of the major courses including information technology, biotechnology, finance and law, will be given in English. It is reported that the Ministry of Education is trying every means to compiling English textbooks and introducing original English textbooks. Meanwhile, short-term vocational training and online training is attracting more students who seek opportunities for a job or for further study.During the forty years from 1952 to the early 1990s, most Chinese college students received free higher education thanks to the governments huge financial subsidies to colleges and universities. Therefore, they were willing to accept whatever jobs assigned by the government when they graduated. However, Chinas colleges and universities began to charge in the early 1990s. Currently, quite a number of college students, especially those from rural areas, feel that the increasing charge is too heavy to bear. Therefore, the Beijing municipal government has recently set regulations on college tuition fees to bright them under proper control, with a view to enabling students from low-income families to accept higher education and finally complete their studies. Currently, over ten prestigious universities, including Peking University, Tsinghua University, Renmin University of China and Beijing Normal University have agreed to set their tuition fees at 5,000 RMB (about $600) each year, after consideration.Shanghai is the largest economic center and open city in China as well as one of the developed areas in domestic education. Some of its education and scientific research institutions are well-known both at home and abroad. Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, especially since Chinas reform and opening up, education in Shanghai is booming, which has established a complete educational system, including preschool education, elementary education, professional and technological education, adult education and higher education. Nowadays, education in Shanghai is progressing with each passing day, emerging a new pattern of relies mainly on state funded schools supplemented by privately funded schools. Privately funded schools are distinctive in their management systems, financial channels, school systems and operational mechanisms. The rapid prosperity of education in Shanghai plays a great role in promoting Shanghais economy and the development of society. In the new century, education in Shanghai is striding towards a grand goal of “building word-class education”. With the acceleration of enrollment expansion in colleges and universities, in the near future, over 2.5 million college graduates will seek jobs every year. Currently, the situation for college students to find jobs already allows no optimism and it will be severer in the future. How to help more college graduates to find the right jobs, therefore to make contributions to the development of the nation and society has become an increasingly important question to be considered by Chinas educational workers. Employment is not the only purpose of education for students, but it is the major one, even possibly, one of the most important purposes and drives. Appropriate job opportunities are essential for college students to give play to their capabilities. Meanwhile, if employment is taken as the sole purpose of receiving education, negative influences will undoubtedly be produced. Not only does it has an effect on students choices of major, resulting in the decline and even disappearance of some basic disciplines, but also students quality of learning. 10 Currently, among Shanghais 100 newly-wedded couples there are 3 international marriages, ranking the first in China. International marriages began to increase rapidly due largely to the then newly-implemented policy of opening up to the outside world. At that time, some Chinese women wish to improve their living conditions by marrying foreigners. However, many of such marriages finally broke up because of differences in age, education and language. Since 1985, with a great deal of foreign capital flooding into east Chinas coastal regions, an increasing number of overseas employees have been sent to work in Shanghai, which provides more chances for Shanghai natives and foreigners to communicate with and understand each other. Since 1989, the number of international marriages in Shanghai has increased rapidly and the quality of marriages has also improved. More and more transnational lovers choose to live in this metropolitan with the rapid development of Shanghais society, economy and culture. In accordance with the State regulations on price hearings, airfares of civil aviation should be set through public hearings. The new civil aviation price reform plan has set its ceiling prices as well as the base prices. For consumers, they can directly and overtly enjoy preferential policy governing airfares in the future. In the past, much of the discount made through secret operations used to be taken by the middlemen, but now the passengers will benefit directly from all the discounts. For air carriers, the new aviation pricing policy will further regulate the aviation transportation market and stop vicious competition. The base price must be strictly carried out by the air carriers to ensure their sufficient income and avoid losses. Meanwhile, it is necessary to urge them to make more flexible use of price system and increase income by means of reinforcing technology application, upgrading managerial expertise and data reliability. The new pricing policy will exert a great influence on passengers, air carriers and the development of national economy.Currently, individuals have become the major car buyers in China, and the proportion of private car purchase has reached 70% of the total car sales. The rapid growth of private cars injects dynamics into the development of Chinas Automobile Industry, and contributes to its fast development. In the first quarter of this year, automobile manufacturing industry has become the first time the fifth largest pillar industry in China. It is estimated that this years Chinas automobile output will surpass that of last year and become the worlds fourth largest automobile manufacturer after the United States, Japan, and Germany. A research on international car market reveals that when the ratio between car price and GDP per capita reaches two or three, private cars will no longer be considered as a luxury, and will become a household consumption. Currently, the ratios in such big cities as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou have reached that level and private car purchase in these big cities is increasing rapidly. It is predicted that the automobile industry will enjoy the greatest potential for development in China in the next 20 years.From the 1970s to the early 21st century, global food consumption per capita has kept rising. Per capita calorie consumption per day in developing countries has increased from 2100 calories to 2700 calories, while in developed countries from 3000 calories to 3300 calories. Though developing countries may reach the current consumption of developed countries by 2030, the global will be faced with the severe problem of food security due to the population growth and the drastic rise in the total food consumption. The demand for food is increasing, while the potential for higher food production is decreasing. Currently, only 11% of the land in the world is used for planting crops. And arable land can be expanded only in the areas of the Latin America and the so