Ewqk托福写作辅导材料.doc

Ecmdwqk托福写作辅导材料 七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲尘缘，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。乃书于纸上。毕而卧。凄然入梦。乙酉年七月初七。-啸之记。托福写作辅导材料托福任务描述：托福作文任务描述托福作文要求参加考试者在30分钟内进行审题、写作和检查等。写作的字数为220至300字。分数段：0分，1分，1.5分，2分，2.5分，3分，3.5分，4分，4.5分，5分，5.5分，6分。写作要求：6分：Demonstrateclearpetenceinwritingonboththerhetoricalandsyntacticlevels,thoughitmayhaveoasionalerrors.能展示出较高的写作能能展示出较高的写作能在修辞和句法等方面达到定的水平，文章允许出现个别错误。力，在修辞和句法等方面达到定的水平，文章允许出现个别错误。Effectivelyaddressesthewritingtask文章切题，观点明确；Wellorganizedandwelldeveloped段落组织有序，合理展开说明；Usesclearappropriatedetailstosupportathesisorillustrateideas使用正确的事例支持论点或说明观点；Displaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage能够流畅地，连贯地使用语言Demonstratesyntacticvarietyandappropriatewordchoice.句式多样，用词准确。5分：Demonstratepetenceinwritingonboththerhetoricalandsyntacticlevels,thoughitwillprobablyhaveoasionalerrors在修辞、句法方面有一定的表在修辞、达能力，但文章偶然会有错误。达能力，但文章偶然会有错误。mayaddressessomepartsofthewritingtaskmoreeffectivelythanothers能有效地按照要求协作，但某些部分有欠缺；generallywellorganizedandwelldeveloped段落组织基本有序，合理展开说明；Usescleardetailstosupportathesisorillustrateanideas能使用事例支持论点或说明观点；Displaysfacilityintheuseoflanguage展现出语言的使用能力；Demonstratesomesyntacticvarietyandrangeofvocabulary.有些句式和词汇的变化。4分：demonstrateminimalpetenceinwritingonboththerhetoricalandsyntacticallevels展示出一些写作能力修辞与句法能力一般。AddressesthewritingtopicadequatelybutmayslightlypartsofthetaskIsadequatelyorganizedanddevelopedUsessomedetailstosupportathesisorillustrateanideaDemonstrateadequatebutpossiblyinconsistentfacilitywithsyntaxandusageMaycontainsomeerrorsthatoasionallyobscuremeaning3分：demonstratesomedevelopingpetenceinwriting,butitremainsflawedoneithertherhetoricalorsyntacticallevel,orboth.InadequateorganizationordevelopmentInappropriateorinsufficientdetailstosupportorillustrateg eneralizationsAnoticeableinappropriatechoiceofwordsorwordformsAnaumulationoferrorsinsentencestructureand/orusage.2分:suggestsinpetenceinwritingSeriousdisorganizationorunderdevelopmentLittleornodetail,orirrelevantspecificsSeriousandfrequenterrorsinsentencestructureorusageSeriousproblemswithfocus1分：demonstrateinpetenceinwritingMaybeincoherentMaybeunderdevelopedMaycontainsevereandpersistentwritingerrors评分：TWE一般由两个人评判，取平均分。如上所述，托福作文的分数是0.5分为一个晋级，只会出现几点五分的情况。若两个阅卷人的分数差距在2分或大于2分时，则会有第三个平分人出现，例如前两个的分数分别为3分和5分，则会有另一个人来评卷。托福作文范围和类型托福作文的范围相对固定，每年ETS都会在网站上公布其更新过的写作题目范围。参加考试者可以参考这些题目进行准备。现在我们看到的一共有185个题目。类型：根据这些题目我们大致可以将它们分成5种类型。(一)对立式观点例1:Somepeopleliketoworkorstudyatnight;othersliketoworkorstudyduringtheday.Whichdoyouprefer-workorstudyatnightorduringtheday?Givespecificreasonsandexamplestoillustrateyouranswer.例2:Somehighschoolsrequireallstudentstowearuniforms;otherhighschoolspermitstudentstochoosetowhattowearintheschool.Whichofthesetwoschoolpoliciesdoyouthinkisbetter?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoillustrateyouranswer.(二)单一性观点例1:Doyouagreeordisagreefollowingstatement:peopleshouldalwaysshowtheirstrongemotions(suchasexcitement,anger,orjoy).Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.例2:Schoolsshouldaskstudentstoevaluatetheirteachers.Doyouagreeordisagree?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.(三)选择性观点例1:Peoplehavedifferentwaysofescapingthestressanddifficultiesofmodernlife.Someread;someexercise;othersworkintheirgardens.Whatdoyouthinkarethebestwaysofreducingstress?例2:Ifyouwereaskedtosendonethingrepresentingyourcountrytoaninternationalexhibition,whatwouldyourchoose?Why?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouranswer.(四)对比类例1：Apanyhasannouncedthatitwishestobuildalargefactorynearyourmunity.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisnewinfluenceonyourmunity.Doyousupportoropposethefactory?Explainyourposition.例2：Whenpeoplemovetoanothercountry,someofthemdecidedtofollowthecustomsofthenewcountry;othersprefertokeeptheirowncustoms.Comparethesetwochoices.Whichonedoyouprefer?Supportyouranswerwithspecificdetails.(五)列举论证类例1:Whataresomeofthequalitiesofagoodparent? ?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.例2：Whatchangeswouldyoumakeyourhometownmoreappealingtopeopleofyourage?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.相对应的作文类型的开头（相对应的作文类型的开头（introduction）这些开头非常典型，如果你没有更好的开头就将这样的开头背诵下来，一定能在遇到这类题目时写得飞快。（一）对立观点文章的开头，1.Itistruethatsomepeopleholdtheopinion(1)thatworkingorstudyingatnightiseffective.Othersbelieve(2)thatworkingorstudyingduringthedayhasmoreadvantages.Ireckontheybothhavetheirstrongreasonsontheirarguments.AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/thelatterwouldbemorepreferablethanthelatter/theformer.同义词/词组(1)havethepointofviewthat_,holdtheideathat_,supporttheideathat_,votefortheopinionthat_,donotdoubtthat,liketochoosedoingsomething,prefertobelievethat_,tendtothinkthat_,givetheirtheviewthat_,sticktothebeliefthat,standbehindtheideathat_(2)believe,argue,claim,deem,suggest,reckon,see,debate,proclaim,consider,emphasize,advocate,promote,feel,consent,assume，think以上这两组词和词汇都是引出观点常用的词组，他们可以用于文章的开头也,可以用于文章的中间和结尾部分。请大家熟练地掌握，自如运用，大胆运用。大胆运用。大胆运用(3)itiswisertochoose_thantochoose_.(4)Itisadvisabletoadvocate_thantosupport_.(5)Itismoresagacioustochoose_thantochoose_.2.Therearedifferentviewsconcerning/considering/regarding/abouttheaboveissue.Some_.Others_.Buttheadvantages/merits/strongpointsofAaremoreobviousthanthoseofB.3.Nowhereintheworldhastheissueof_beensomuchdebated/discussed/argued/likeinoursociety/country.Some_.Others_.ButtheadvantagesofAaremoreobviousthanthoseofB.4.Neverintheworldhastheissue/problem/question/of_beensomuchdebated/discussed/arguedlikeinourtime.Some_.Others_.ButtheadvantagesofAaremoreobviousthanthoseofB.5.Therearedifferentviewsconcerning/considering/regarding/abouttheaboveissue.Some_.Others_.But,inmypart/asforme/astome,personally,wouldliketogivemysupportto_.（二）单一性观点文章的开头：其实，单一性观点可以变成类似于对立性观点，所以可以应用对立性观点的办法来开头。我们以例子中的第一个题目为例。开头：1.Asfortheabovestatement,somepeoplewouldsaythatpeopleshouldalwaysshowtheirstrongemotionssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy;others,Iguess,wouldprobablyopposethatop inion.Asformypart,Iwoulddeemthatpeopleshouldnotalwaysshowtheirstrongemotions.Thereasonsarepresentedasfollows.(把单一观点变成对立观点，然后表明自己的立场)2.Althoughmanypeopledebatethatpeopleshouldalwaysshowtheirstrongemotionssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy,somepeoplewoulddoubtthatitisagoodmannertoalwaysshowtheirstrongemotions.Ipersonallyagreewiththelatter.(把单一观点变成对立观点，然后表明自己的立场)3.Itisnotadvisabletoalwaysshowonesstrongemotionssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy.Peopleshouldsometimesrestrictthemselves,notletthemgoatanytime.Myargumentwoulddefinitelyconvincesomethemtocontrolthematsomeoasions.（首先否定，然后表明自己的观点，用另外一种方法解释）4.Itistruethatpeopleareofmanystrongemotions.Butadecentpersonwouldnotalwaysshowhisstrongfeelingssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy.Doyouwantotherpeopleregardyouasarudeguy?Ofcoursenot.（换一种反面说法）换一种反面说法）5.Idonotthinkthemajoritycanaepttheideathatpeopleshouldalwaysshowtheirstrongemotionssuchasexcitement,anger,orjoy.Iamoneofthem.(直接反对，用拉帮结派的方式，不使自己孤立)（三）选择性观点文章开头选择性观点文章的开头也可以利用对立性观点文章的开头。1.Everyonehashisstressinmodernlife.Differentpeoplehavediversewaystogetridoftheirstress.Someread,someexercise,andothersworkintheirgardens.Frommyexperience,Iwouldremendpeopleshakeofftheirstressinthefollowingways.(划线部分就是一种转换)2.Eachandeverycountryhassomeuniquethingstorepresentitsownfeatures.IfIwereaskedtoselectonethingtorepresentmytoaninternationalexhibition,Iwouldchooseaterra-cottawarriorunearthedfromthetombofQinShihuang,thefirstemperorofChina,thefirstrulerofQindynasty,2000yearsago.3.Therearemanythingsthatcanrepresentmycountry.IfIwereaskedtochooseonlyonething,Iwould,withouthesitation,remendamodeloftheGreatWall.Whyisthat?YouwillseeasIexplainitasfollows.(四)对比性观点1.Buildingalargefactorynearmymunitywillcertainlybringalotofchangestothemunity.Itdefinitelyhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Butfrommypointofview,Idonotthinkitisagoodidea.Iwouldliketosaythatitwouldtransformourmunityinabadway.2.Althoughbuildingalargefactorynearmymunitywould,inasense,havesomenegativeeffects,Iconsiderthatitwouldalsobenefitourmunityinmanyways.Itwouldoffe