北师大版高中英语模块3--unit7知识点小结.doc

Unit 7 The Sea知识小结【重点词汇】91. participate 参加2. evaluate 评估，评价 3. arrange 安排，准备4. chimpanzee 黑猩猩 5.dolphin 海豚6. sign 符号，记号 7. hunt 打猎，猎杀8. actor 演员 9.actress 女演员10. writer 作者，作家 11. collection 收集，收取12. ski 滑雪 13. water skiing 滑水14. windsurfing 风范滑浪15. frightening 令人惊骇的，骇人的16. underwater 在水下，供水下使用的17. spirit 精神 18. explorer 探险家19. sailor 水手，海员20. voyage 航海，航空21. ancestor 祖先22. AD 公元23. further 更远24. persuade 说服25. unknown 未知的26.eventually 最终，终于27. deed 行为，行动28. journey 旅行，旅程29. lecture 讲座30. brake 刹车，制动器31. apologise 道歉32. pollute 污染33. pollution 污染物34. over-fishing 过度捕捞35. industrial 工业的36. agriculture 农业的37. chemical 化学物38. ban 禁止39. solution 答案，解决办法40.port 港口，海港41.presen 讲演，演示42.intelligence 智力，理解力43.intelligent 有才智的，理解力强的 44.energetic 有活力的45.coral 珊瑚46.discovery 发现47.educate 教育 48.up-to-date 现代的49.attraction 吸引人的地方，吸引人之物50.attract 吸引51.shark 鲨鱼52.discount 折扣53.trick 戏法，把戏54.melt 融化，熔化55.measure 度量（大小、长短等）测量56.length 长度，长57.schoolboy 男生58.centimetre 厘米59.whirlpool 漩涡60.horrible 可怕的，令人厌恶的61.float 浮，漂62.terrify 令人感到恐惧63.escape 逃脱，逃跑64.terror 恐怖，恐惧65.soul 灵魂66.survive 幸存，生存下来67.recover 恢复正常，健康68.scream 尖声喊叫，惊呼69.sink 下沉，沉没70.unable 不能的，不会的71.recognise 辨认出72.Oceania 大洋洲73.opposite 对立的人（物）；反义词74.net 网75.leak 渗漏，泄露76.stadium 运动场，体育场77.debate 辩论，争论78.local 当地的，地方性的79.shopkeeper 店主，店东80.bay 海湾，湾81.wildlife 野生生物82.disagree 意见不合，不同意【重点短语】 Lesson11. participate in( doing) sth. 参加，参与 2. according to= based on 根据 3. be forced to do sth. 被迫做某事4. make sb. do sth 使某人做某人 5. sb. be made to do sth. (被动结构要加上to)6. get into trouble 陷入困境 （动作） 7. be in trouble处于困境之中（状态）8. have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难9. persuade / talk sb. to do sth=persuade / talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某10. persuade /talk sb. not to do sth.=persuade / talk sb. out of doing sth说服某人不11. persuade sb. of sth. 说服某人相信12. make it to sp. 到达某地 13. make it 取得成功 把时间定在 14. in search of = in the search for寻找 15. search sb./ sp. 搜查某人/某地 16. search for sb./sth. 寻找某人/某物17. follow ones directions 按照某人的指点18. be believed /reported/ said to be sth 据信/据报道/据说是19. apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因为某事像某人道歉Lesson220. deal with 处理 （和how连用） do with (和what连用)21. ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事22. keep a record of sth. 记录 23. make a / ones living by /from 以谋生 24. make a / ones living as 作为谋生Lesson 325. play a trick on sb. 戏弄某人 26. do tricks 变戏法，演杂技27. take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 注意：measure作系动词“量起来, 度量为”时，不能用于进行时态和被动语态28. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事29. on the one hand, on the other hand一方面另一方面30. 倍数的表达: 倍数+as +adj./ adv.原级+as 倍数-1+ adj./ adv.比较级+than 倍数+度量名词（length/ width/ depth/ height/ size等）+of31. in length/ width/ depth/ height 在长度/宽度/ 深度/高度方面（注意没有冠词）32. watch out = look out = take care 当心 33. watch out for sb.提防某人Lesson4 34. tie to 把绑在 35. be covered with sth. 被覆盖着36. all at once 忽然，突然 同时，一下子37. pick up 搭载 拾起 收听节目，接收信号（非正规地）学会 染上（疾病，坏习惯）38. escape from the cage / prison 从笼子/监狱中逃跑 escape sth / doing sth逃避（做）39. survive the earthquake 在地震中幸存下来（survive为及物动词，后直接跟表示灾难的名词，不能加任何介词）40. be for / against sth 支持/反对。41. in addition to = as well as 除。之外 42. in addition 另外43. manage to do sth. 设法做到某事（强调成功）44. try to do sth 努力去做某事（不一定成功）45. rather than 而不是 46. other than 除。以外（常用于否定句）47. less than 不到，少于48. more than 多于，超过，非常49. more +原级+than+原级 “与其说。，而不如说。”50. disagree with the plan不赞成这个计划 disagree with the climate不适应这种气候disagree with his parents 与他父母意见不一致【重点句子】1. They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail.他们在哥伦布到达此地很久之前就已经来过这儿。2. According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.根据并到和挪威古老的传说，埃里克雷德因一起谋杀案而惹上麻烦，并被迫离开冰岛。3. Eric set sail once again, this time with 25 ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland.埃里克又一次起航，这次一共有25条船，只有其中14艘到达了格陵兰岛。4. Leif followed Biarnis directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada. 利夫按照比阿尼的指点，航行到了据信是今天的加拿大海岸所在的地方。5. Thats what I want to find out. 那就是我所想查明的东西。6. Its difficult to find who is responsible for pollution.难以找出谁应该为此负责。7. They are also try to help people to get other kinds of jobs so there are less people trying to make a living from fishing. 他们也努力帮助人们从事其他工作以使较少的人以捕鱼为生。8. There are fantastic shows every two hours. 每两个小时就有精彩的表演。9. Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice.有些鱼能够发出是你说话声音两倍大的声音。10. An average fish like this measures 90 centimeters in length and it can weigh as much as 30 kilos.一条一般的像这样的鱼长度为90cm, 重达30千克。11. I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.我把自己绑在一个木桶上漂浮。12. It took me less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. 不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白。13. As you can see, I did escape. I will quickly bring my story to a conclusion. 如你所见，我确实逃生了。我将很快结束我的故事。14. In the end, a boat picked me up.最终，一艘船搭救了我。【语法专区】I 关系副词引导的定语从句和介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1关系副词引导的定语从句关系词先行词在从句中的作用举例（粗体为现行词，下划线为定语从句）When=in/at/on+which时间名词作时间状语Ill never forget the day when/on which I joined the communist party.Where=in/ at /on + which地点名词作地点状语The factory where/in which my father works in the east of the city.Why= for + whichreason作原因状语None of us know the reason why/for which he was absent form the meeting.2. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时，介词宾语只能用which(指物)whom(指人),介词的宾语只能用which(指物）和whom，即介词+which/whom1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只用which或whom,关系代词不能省略，如： This is the hero of whom we are proud. （whom不能省略，不能用who代替） This is the pen with which I wrote the letter. （which 不能省略，不能用that 代替）2. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which (指物），that/ whom/ who作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略，如：This is the hero that/who/whom we are proud of. 关系词可省略。This is the pen that/which I wrote the letter with. 关系词可省略。复合介词短语+关系代词which 引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装语序。如：He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.定语从句中应注意介词的正确选择A. 根据后面的动词和介词的搭配关系选择。如:This is the professor from whom I have learned a lot. (learn from sb.向某人学习)The two things of which they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.(be/feel proud of 为固定短语，意为“以为自豪”)B 根据介词与前面名词即先行词搭配关系选择，如：Ill never forget the day on which I first met him.(表示具体的某一天，介词用on)II形容词的比较形式。英语中的形容词和副词一般都有原级（The Positive Degree）、比较级（The Comparative Degree）和最高级（The Superlative Degree）用法例句同级比较：as+adj.原级+as(1) 在否定句和疑问句中用(not) so as(2)当asas 中间有名词时采用以下格式： as+adj原级+a/ an+单数可数名词+as as+ many+复数可数名词 much+不可数名词 +as This classroom is not as / so big as that one. Tom is as good a boy as Jack is. You can borrow as many books as you can. You can drink as much water as you can.比较级：adj.比较级+than(1) 要避免将主语包含在比较对象中。(2) 要注意对应句型，比较对象要前后一致。(3) “the+adj.比较级”用于两者之间的比较，表示“两者中较的那个”。(1) 误China is larger than any country in Asia.正China is larger than any other country in Asia.(2) 误The population of China is larger than Japan.正The population of China is larger than that of Japan(3) Which is larger, Canada or China?=Which is the larger country,Canada or China?“比较级+and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越” Spring is coming. Its getting warmer and warmer. 春天来了，天气越来越暖和了。 The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.这个姑娘长得越来越漂亮了。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越,就越”. The more, the better.越多越好 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯的错误就越少。adj.比较级前可以用a little, a bit, a lot, rather, no, any, much, far, even, still, yet 等副词修饰 This book is a lot more interesting than that one.这本书比那本有趣多了。 I feel far better today.我现在感觉好多了。 Tom is clever, but Jack is even cleverer.汤姆很聪明，但杰克甚至更聪明。 “not+比较级+than”表示“一方如另一方” “no+比较级+than”往往表示“前者和后者一样都不；仅仅” I am not taller than you.我没你高。 I am no taller