九年级初中三大从句.doc

初中三大从句一、中考要求：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句的用法是中考热点之一，主要考查三种从句的引导词的选择；宾语从句的语序和时态；状语从句主要考查时间状语从句、条件状语从句、因果状语从句，特别是条件状语从句的时态、so that引导的结果状语从句和目的状语从句等。二、知识要点：1. 宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、语序和时态。宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who等。例如：He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week. 你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？1) 以that引导的宾语从句： that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分， that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。 Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗？ He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。2) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句： 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由 原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意思是“是否”。 Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。 I dont care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用if。 接带to的动词不定式。 She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。 与or not连用时。 Im not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。3) 含疑问意义的连接词引导的宾语从句： 此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。wh-词 包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导 词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如： Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门？ He didnt tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。注意：what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“的东西/ 事情等”。例如：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。（what意思为“的事情”）Can you tell me what we can do for you？请问我们能为你做点什么？（what意思为“什么”）宾语从句的三个注意事项：1）语序：由whether/ if和疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意 相应的助动词和动词的变化等。例如： 把这两个简单句合成一个复合句： Where does your father work? Can you tell us? Can you tell us where your father works? 你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？ Did you get home very late? He asked me. He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。2）时态对应：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。例如： My teacher says he will be back in a week. 我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。 （一般将来时） My teacher says he is watching TV. 我的老师说他正在看电视。 （现在进行时） My teacher says he has seen the movie. 我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。 （现在完成时） 如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。例如： My father said he was watching TV at that time. 我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。 （过去进行时） My father said the he had already seen the movie. 我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。 （过去完成时） 如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. 我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。（一般现在时）3) 否定转移： 主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主 句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如： I dont think theyll wait to the last minute. 我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟。 I dont believe he did this, did he? 我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？宾语从句专项练习题1.I dont know _ next.A.how to doB.what to do it C.what I should doD.how I should do2.Can you tell me _?A.who is that man B.who that man isC.that man is who D.whom is that man 3.He _ in the English exam.A.believes that he cant fail B.believes that he couldnt failC.doesnt believe he shouldnt failD.doesnt believe he has failed4.I want to know _.A.what is his name B.whats his name C.that his name isD.what his name is 5.Please tell us _,will you?A.when the plane will leave B.when will the plane leaveC.when does the planes leaveD.when the plane leave6.Ill write down _.A.how you can do it B.how to doC.how can you do it D.how do you do it7.Could you please tell me _?A.which gate have we to go to B.which we go to gateC.which gate we have to go to D.which gate we shall go8.They cant explain _ the fish and the trees around the lake _.A.that,are died B.why,are deadC.why,die D.whether,has been dead9.I didnt know that he _ to London next week.A.will flyB.would flew C.would fly D.flew10.He asked me _.A.if I could go with himB.whether could I go with himC.that I can go with himD.what place I can go with him11. Miss Blue wanted to know _ during the summer holidays. A) where I had gone B) where I had been C) where had I gone D) where had I been12. Would you please tell _? A) which is the way to the Park Hotel B) which the way is to the Park Hotel C) which the way to the Park Hotel is D) which way to the Park Hotel is13. I asked her _. A) which he liked best one C) which one did she like best C) which one does she like best D) which one she liked best14. The teacher asked us _. A) why didnt we tell him about it earlier B) when I have finished my work C) what we were interested in D) where are we going to have our lunch15. Id be interested to know _ come before 9:00 a.m. A) that he will B) that he would C) if he will D) whether he would关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人、物主语、宾语、表语whose人、物定语关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语16. The teacher told us that _. A) the earth turns round the sun. B) the earth turned round the sun. C) the sun turns round the earth. D) the sun turned round the earth.17. As a matter of fact, I really didnt know _. A) that he meant. B) what he meant C) that did he mean D) what did he mean2. 定语从句：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面，这个名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。 1）选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键：看所修饰的是人还是物；看它所代表的先行词在定语 从句中做什么成分。例如： Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me? 你认识卖给我鸡蛋的那个人吗？ （所修饰的词是“the man”，在从句中作主语，用who/ that） Your father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now. 你爸爸不在刚才到达的火车上。 (先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作主语) This is the book (which / that) you wanted. 这正是你要的书。 (先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作宾语，可省) Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor? 你认识父亲是医生的那个男孩儿吗？ (先行词是人，whose代表“男孩的”，在从句中作定语) You can go home where you can have a rest. 你可以回到你能休息的家中。(先行词是地点，where相当于at home，在从句中作地点状语) Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day？ 你还记得我们经常挨饿的那一年吗？ (先行词是时间，when相当于in the year，在从句中作时间状语） Do you know the reason why she didnt come to our party？ 你知道他没有参加我们聚会的原因吗？ (先行词是原因，why相当于for the reason，在从句中作原因状语）2）引导词作宾语时可以省略。例如： Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday？你看到了我昨天给你的那本书了吗？3）引导词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。例如： Do you know the man who is speaking to your father？4）定语从句的补充一、关系代词的用法1定语从句中含有介词注意要点:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 2关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 3关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 二、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 定语从句专项练习题 1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 30. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that 3. 状语从句：用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词。状语从句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根据其用途可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句，比较状语从句等。A. 时间状语从句：时间状语从句表示时间，常用连接词有：when（当时），while（当时），as（当时），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（自从），until（直到）， as soon as（一就），once（一旦就）等。例如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 我直到做完作业才去睡觉。I can listen to the radio while I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。注意： 时间状语从句中，一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如： I will telephone you when he comes. 他来了我给你打电话。 Ill stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。 when引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句的谓语可以是延续性 动词，也可以是瞬间动词。例如： He was working when I went in. 我进去时他正在工作。 When she heard the news, she began to cry. 她听到这个消息，她哭了起来。 但是while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，意思是“在期间”。 They rushed in while we were singing. 我们唱歌时，他们冲进来。 as引导状语从句，强调同时发生，不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边一边”。 John sings as he walks home. 约翰一边往家走一边唱歌。 while还可以表示两者之间的对比关系。例如： I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music. 我喜欢踢足球，而汤姆喜欢听音乐。 since引导状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。 We have been friends since we met in Beijing. 自从我们在北京遇到就一直是朋友。 It has been six years since she left school. 自从她毕业已经有六年了。 until/ till 引导时间状语从句，当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句常用否定形式，not until意思为“直到才”。 He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。B. 地点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地点。其连接词有where（哪里），wherever（无论哪里）等。例如：Put it where you find it. 把它放在原来的地方。You can sit wherever you like. 你喜欢坐在哪里就坐在哪里。C. 原因状语从句：原因状语从句表示原因或者理由。其连接词有：because（因为），as （因为），since（既然）等。例如：I often eat carrots because they are good for my health. 我经常吃胡萝卜是因为对我的身体有好处。As I dont know the way, I had to ask the policeman. 由于我不知道路，所以我不得不问警察。注意： because表示因果关系语气最强，常用来回答我why提出的问题。 I didnt tell them because they were too young. 我没有告诉他们，因为他们太小。 because和so不能同在一个句子里。 Because the book was expensive, I didnt buy it. (I 前不用so)D. 结果状语从句：表示结果。其连接词有：sothat（如此以致），so that（结果）， such that（如此以致）等。例如： Its such a good chance that you cant miss it. 这次机会如此好，你不能失去它。注意： sothat 和 such that 都可以引导结果状语从句，注意so和such后面所接的词不同。 such. thatsucha(an)形容词单数可数名词that从句 such形容词复数名词/不可数名词that从句 He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. 他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。 They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。 但是如果名词前由many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰，则用so。例如： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以致全身上下青一块，紫一块的。 so . thatso形容词副词.that从句so形容词a(an)单数可数名词that从句 He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. 他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。 Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him. =He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.) 他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他。E. 目的状语从句：表示目的。其连接词有：so（以便），so that（为了），in order that（为了）等，从句中多用情态动词can, will, may, should 等。例如：He got up very early so that he could catch the first train. 他起床很早以便于赶第一班火车。F. 条件状语从句：条件状语从句表示条件。其连接词有：if（如果），unless （如果不，除非），as long as（只要）等。例如：If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming. 如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。注意： 条件状语从句中，一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如： Unless it rains, the game will be played. 如果不下雨，比赛就将进行。 unless意思相当于ifnot。G. 让步状语从句：常由though/although (虽然)，even if/ though (即使)等引导。例如：Though its hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管这是一件艰苦的工作，但我乐意做。三、易错点点拨：1. I dont know if you come to my party tomorrow. 解析本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法，从句子的意思理解是if引导的宾语从句，要用一般将来时，此题误用作状语从句了。所以应把come改为will/ can come。2. Can you tell me where does he study English?解析本题是考查宾语从句的语序的用法，特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，所以把助动词does去掉，而且因为从句主语是he，还要把study变成studies。3. My teacher told me that light traveled faster than the sound.解析本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法。宾语从句是表示客观真理（即光速比声速快），所以宾语从句用一般现在时，而不受主句时态的影响。所以要把traveled改为travels。4. They are the people and books who you want to learn.解析本题是考查定语从句的引导词用法，定语从句的先行词既有人和也有物，所以引导词要用人和物共用的that，不能用who或者which。所以要把who改为that。5. He got to school early if he could clean the classroom.解析本题是考查表示目的的状语从句的连接词的用法。if引导条件状语从句，而此句应该用连接词so that引导目的状语从句。所以把if改为so that。状语从句练习 专项练习一、基础练习1. Weare watching TV _ we caught sight of a friend of ours . A. as soon as B. while C. when D. once 2. The price of diamond rings has risen sharply _ the price of gold rings has gone down.A. when B. as C. while D. otherwise 3. It is a long time since I last saw you . This sentence means _A. I had seen you for a long time B. I have seen you for a long time C. I havent seen you for a long time D. I saw you again before long 4. _ reason you may give , you ought not to have left homework unfinished.A. What B. No matter C. However D. Whatever5. It seemed only several minutes _ he finished this painting .A. after B. before C. when D. until6. Ill lend you my car _ you return it intact.A. so far as B. as long as C. unless D. until7. The secretar