高中英语Module3ViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar语法专题课+精讲优练课型课件外研版.ppt

Module3TheViolenceofNatureGrammar,过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语【新知导引】.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700people_(kill).2.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanadaafterhe_(bury)inTexas!3.Arrivinghome,shefoundallthefurniture_(flood).,hadbeenkilled,hadbeenburied,hadbeenflooded,.将下列直接引语的句子变为间接引语1.Hesaid,“Mybrotherfailedintheexamthisweek.”Hesaid_thatweek.2.Hesays,“IsTomastudentorateacher?”Heasks_.3.Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingfootball?”Heaskedme_.,thathisbrotherhadfailedintheexam,whether/ifTomisastudentorateacher,if/whetherIlikedplayingfootball,【知识详解】一.过去完成时的被动语态1.构成：had+been+done。2.概念：表示在过去某个动作或时间以前已被做的事情。,3.用法：(1)在told,said,knew,heard,thought，found等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。*Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeenshownaroundParis.她说从来没有人领她参观过巴黎。(she和show之间是被动关系，且show这一动作发生在said之前),(2)before,bythetime,until,when,after,once,assoonas等引导的状语从句中的谓语是一般过去时，以及by，before,until后面接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。*Bythetimehewastwelve,mybrotherhadbeensenttoAmerica.我哥哥12岁前就已经被送到了美国。(bythetime相当于before,表示“在之前”，从句中的动作表示过去，主句中的send这一动作发生在从句的动作之前),【即学活用】用所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。BythetimeEdisonwasten,achemistrylab_(build).Thedish_(eatup)whenIgotthere._thenewplan_(discuss)beforethemeeting?Wastheboyremindedthathishomework_(nothandin)?Whichhospital_Mary_(send)tobeforemidnight?Thecouplesaidthattheflowersweresolovelythatthey_(sell)innotime.,hadbeenbuilt,hadbeeneatenup,Had,beendiscussed,hadnotbeenhandedin,had,beensent,hadbeen,sold,二.间接引语直接引语表示直接引述别人的原话。通常都用引号括起来。间接引语表示用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语，在语序、人称、时态和状语方面会做相应变化。,1.动词的时态的变化：,*“Wheredoyouusuallyhavelunch？”heaskedme.HeaskedmewhereIusuallyhadlunch.,2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化：,*“Iwillneverforgetthisinterestinglesson，”saidPaul.Paulsaidthathewouldneverforgetthatinterestinglesson.*Shesaidtome,“Icameherefiveyearsago.”Shetoldmeshehadbeentherefiveyearsbefore.*Hesaidtome，“Iwillseehernextweek.”Hetoldmehewouldseeherthenextweek.,3.句式的转换:(1)转述他人的陈述陈述句的转换:,(2)转述他人的疑问一般疑问句的转换:,(3)转述他人的问题特殊疑问句:,(4)选择疑问句的转换:用whether.or.表达,而不用if.or.,也不用either.or.。Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.,(5)祈使句的转换:,4.直接引语变间接引语的特殊情况:(1)时态不变的情况。直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时。*Hesaid,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时,间接引语仍然用一般过去时。*MrWangsaid,“IwasborninChinainSeptember,1972.”MrWangsaidhewasborninChinainSeptember,1972.,当直接引语是过去完成时态时。*Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedhere.”Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。*Hesaid,“Theplanetakesoffat6:30a.m.”Hesaidthattheplanetakesoffat6:30a.m.,(2)如果在当天转述别人说过的话,时间状语可不变;如果在当地转述,地点状语和动词也不必改变。*Hesaid,“Illbebacktonight.”Hesaidthathewillbebacktonight.,【即学活用】将下列句子变为间接引语。Jacksaid,“Ihavebeenworkinghereforadozenyears.”_Hesaidtome,“Ireadityesterday.”_Theteachersaid,“Pleasebringallthebooksdownstairsuphere.”_,Jacksaidthathehadbeenworkingthereforadozenyears.,Hetoldmethathehadreaditthedaybefore.,Theteacheraskedthestudentstotakeallthebooksdownstairs,upthere.,Theteachersaid,“ColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.”_“Howmuchdidyoupayforthecomputer?”heasked._,TheteachersaidthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.,HeaskedhowmuchIpaidforthecomputer.,【典题研习】(2011北京高考)Experimentsofthiskind_(conduct)inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.,【思路演示】分析句式:该句为简单句,inboththeU.S.andEurope是地点状语,beforetheSecondWorldWar是时间状语。理清句意:第二次世界大战前在美国和欧洲都进行过该类实验。抓取关键:beforetheSecondWorldWar是表示过去的时间状语,conduct在theSecondWorldWar之前,故是“过去的过去”,用过去完成时;又因experiments与conduct之间为动宾关系,故句子谓语用过去完成时的被动语态。断定答案:hadbeenconducted。,【即学活用】用适当的连词或所给词的适当形式填空。1.(2015福建高考)Iwonder_Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.Byworkingouteveryday.,【解析】how。考查名词性从句。句意:我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持她的身材的。通过每天锻炼。根据答语可知问句中问的是“保持身材的方法”,故用how。,2.(2015四川高考)Theexhibitiontellsus_weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.【解析】why。考查宾语从句。句意:这个展览告诉我们为什么我们要采取措施来制止空气污染。根据语境可知这里表示原因,故要用why来引导。,3.(2014天津高考)Ithinkimpressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.【解析】what。句意:我认为,他的画让我印象深刻的是他使用的色彩。what在句中引导主语从句,又在从句中作主语。,4.(2012北京高考)Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?Yes,fortunatelynoone_(hurt).【解析】washurt。句意:你听说市场上的那场火灾了吗?是的,幸运的是没有人受伤。谓语动词hurt和主语noone之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态;此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时。,【真题备选】1.(2014福建高考)Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing_youreafraidtodo.【解析】what。句意:站起来。有了勇气,你才可以去做你不敢做的事情。what在句中充当引导词,同时也是动词do的宾语。,2.(2014北京高考)Somepeoplebelieve_hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.【解析】whatever/what。考查名词性从句。句意:有些人相信已经发生的或正在发生的任何事情将来都会重复发生。believe后面是宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少主语,只能选择连接代词whatever或what。,3.(2013湖南高考)Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell_closeyoumaybetovictory.【解析】how。句意:不要让任何失败阻止你,因为你永远不会知道你离胜利有多么近。how在句中引导宾语从句,常用于“how+adj.+主语+谓语+其他”结构中,意为“多么”。,4.(2013山东高考)Itsgoodtoknow_thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewereaway.【解析】that。句意:当我们不在的时候,知道这些狗会被好好地照顾真是太好了。本句中it是形式主语,代替后面的不定式toknow;动词know后跟一个宾语从句,由于宾语从句中主谓结构完整,所以用连词that引导宾语从句。,5.(2013北京高考)Expertsbelieve_peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.【解析】that。句意:专家们相信人们只在必要的时候购物能减少食品浪费。that引导宾语从句,不作任何成分,只起连接作用。,6.(2013新课标全国卷)Policehavefound_appearstobethelostancientstatue.【解析】what。考查宾语从句。句意:警察发现了疑似失窃的古老雕像。what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语。,7.(2012北京高考)Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecomment