初中英语一般过去时.doc

一 般 过 去 时 讲 解 与 练 习定义表示的是：某个动作作发生在过去的时间里，并且这个动作已经完成了。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。一、巧记一般过去时：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didnt添； 疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； 不含be动词时如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were,否定就把not添。 含be动词时疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌 握动词be的一般过去时。 be的过去时有四巧： 一是时间状语巧， 表示过去的短语要记牢； 二是形式巧，单数was，复数were； 三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟waswere； 四是疑问句式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)。【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等；2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等；3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等；4. 其它：just now等5. 由某些表示过去时态的从句等。【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在学校。 They were over there a moment ago 刚才他们在那边。【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasnt, werent。即： 主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他。例如： I was not (wasnt) here yesterday 昨天我不在这儿。 My parents were not (werent) at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即： Was(Were) 主语 表语 其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家吗？ Was she late this morning今天早上她迟到了吗？ 更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语waswere”； 否定回答用“No,主语wasntwerent”。 例如：Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？ Yes, they were (No, they werent) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。） 一般过去时主要是通过谓语动词的变化来表示的。英语中每种时态都要求谓语动词进行相应的变化。在一般过去时里，要求谓语动词用动词“过去式”。原形动词变为过去式，可以概括为两类：一类是规则的变化，另一类是不规则的变化。1.规则变化的动词过去式规则变化的动词过去式(1) 在词尾加ed 或d英语中大部分动词过去式都是规则变化的，即在动词后加上ed；如果结尾字母是不发音的e，则只要加上一个d就行了。例如：work-worked clean-cleaned play-playeddecide-decided live-lived love-loved(2) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加edstudy-studied hurry-hurried carry-carried(3) 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母再加edstop-stopped drop-dropped 2.不规则变化的动词过去式不规则变化是指过去式不能加ed，用另外一个词来表示。这样的不规则过去式也有很多，只有靠一个一个去记忆了。例如：is/am-was are-were have/has-hadshall-should will-would can-could may- mightgo-went come-came take-took sit-sat say-said get-got swim-swamrun-ran write-wrote sing-sang tell-told speak-spoke begin-began break-broke不规则变化中，还有少数词的过去式与原形动词完成相同；read的过去式只是读音改变了。例如：cut-cut put-put let-let read-read redkeep-kept feel-felt sleep-sleptsweep-swept build-built lend-lent send-sent spend-spentring-rang sit-sat drink-drank sing-sang swim-swam think-thought buy-bought bring-brought fight-foughtteach-taught catch-caughtknow-knew grow-grew throw-threw draw-drew3.规则动词过去式的读音在清辅音p k f s 等后，ed要读t。例如： worked, finished在元音或浊辅音b g v z m等后，ed要读d。例如：lived, called在t或d后，ed读id。例如：started，needed一般过去时 - 疑问句型过去时的一般疑问句可以分为两类。1.was / were, 它们的一般疑问句是将was / were,移到主语前面，否定句是直接在它们后面加上not。例如：He was very busy last Friday.He wasnt very busy last Friday. Was he very busy last Friday? Yes, he was. / No, he wasnt2. 实义动词 实义动词过去式的一般疑问句，是在主语前加上did；否定句是在谓语动词前加上did not，并将谓语动词改为动词原形。请注意：过去时不分人称和单复数，都是加did或did not。 例如：Li Ming studied English this morning.Did Li Ming study English this morning？Yes, he did. /No, he didnt.Li Ming didnt study English this morning.We often played badminton together.Did you play badminton together? Yes, we did. / No, we didnt.We didnt play badminton together.其次，had 作为实义动词的话，加did或did not. 例如：They had a meeting last Friday.Did they have a meeting last Friday? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.They didnt have a meeting last Friday.3.过去时的特殊疑问句How did you find the job? I found it in the newspaper.这工作你是怎么知道的？我从报纸上看到的。一般现在时要和现在的时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”没有联系。His father is a film director.他父亲是电影导演。 (他现在还是) His father was a film director.他父亲曾是电影导演。 (他现在不是) How do you like the novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样？ (还在看小说) How did you like the novel? 你觉得这部小说怎么样？ (已看完小说) 一般过去时 - 句型口诀一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否定句很简单，didnt 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。【课堂练习】一、写出下列动词的过去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_put _ throw _ kick_ pass_ do _二、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday10. 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.四、 改错题1How is Jane yesterday? _ 2He go to school by bus last week. _ 3He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _ 4I can fly kites seven years ago. _ 5Did you saw him just now. _ 6Tom wasnt watch TV last night. _ 7I didnt my homework yesterday. _ 8He wait for you three hours ago. _ 9Who find it just now ? _10.What make him cry (哭) just now? _【课后练习】1、 单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent( )2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt ( )6. I cleaned my classroom _. A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before( ) 7. I came _ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back( ) 8 . _? He did some reading at home. A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do in the school C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday( ) 9. What did you do _ ? I went to the movies. A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday( ) 10. The koala sleeps _，but gets up _. A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during night C in the day ;during the evening D during the day ; at night二、请用正确动词形式填空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _.9. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.三、翻译下列句子1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。 Emma_ TV every day. But he _ _ _ yesterday.4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。 What _ they _ _ Saturday? They _ _ homework and _ _.5. 今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。 This morning Fangfang _ _ _ _ because his father _ _ _ yesterday. 6. 你还有什么要说的？ What _ would you like _ _? 7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。 Dont forget _ _ _ _ the teacher. 8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视？ Why _ you _ TV last night? 9. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。 When he _ the classroom, he _ a watch on the ground. 10. 他什么时候出生的？1980年。