初三英语语法.doc

1aloud adv出声地(使别人能听得到)Reading aloud is a good way in leaning English朗读是学英语的一个好方法。 loud adj. 大声的，声音洪亮的，loudlouderloudest He talked in a loud voice so that everyone could hear him 他说话声音很大以便于每个人都能听得到他。 adv. loudlouderloudestDont talk so loudThe kids are reading说话小声些，孩子们正在看书。(Speak)louder，please!请再说高一些! loudly adv吵吵闹闹地，噪声地I heard someone knocked loudly at the door我听到有人在使劲敲门。They are talking loudly in the next room他们在隔壁说话声很大。 2voice n噪音，鸟鸣声She has a sweet voice她声音很甜美。 She raised her voice so that she could be heard 她提高了嗓音队便于别人能听清楚。 He lost his voiceHe had no voice because of the cough 因为咳嗽，他失声了。 noise n噪音，吵闹Dont make so much noise别弄出那么大的噪音。I heard a strange noise outside我听到外边奇怪的声音。 sound n(自然界中的)声音，响声Sound travels slower than light声音的传播比光慢。 3memory n(计算机的)储存器 A lot of information is stored in the memory 计算机的储存器能储存很多信息。 n记忆力 He has a poor memory after the car accident 车祸后他的记忆力很差了。 n. 回忆，怀念 I have a pleasant memory of my childhood 我对童年有美好的回忆。 memorizememorise vt. 记住，背过 He can memorize new words very quickly他能很快记住很多单词。 4. frustrate vt使失望，使沮丧The serious illness frustrated his dream for college他上大学的梦想遭受挫折。frustrating adj. 令人失望的What he said is frustrating. 他所说的话很令人失望。She finds it frustrating to watch English movies她觉得看英语电影很令人失望(因为看不懂)。frustrated adj. 失望的，沮丧的He was frustrated when he failed again in the test 当他再次考试没及格后，他很失望。 5add vt. 增加，加She tasted the soup and added more salt她尝了尝汤，又加了些盐。add to 增添His coming added to our trouble他的到来给我们添了很多麻烦。add up to 总计达，加起来 The number of the students in our class adds up to 55 我们班上学生的数目加起来是55人。 vt. 补充说，又说 He said goodbye to us and added that he would visit us again 他和我们说了再见，又说他会再来看我们的。 6. excite vt使兴奋 The news that our team had won excited everybody 我们队赢了的消息令所有的人很激动。 exciting adj令人兴奋的The soccer game is exciting那场足球赛很令人激动。 excited adv. 兴奋的，激动的 We were very excited at the news当听到那个消息，我们很激动。 7speak(speakspokespoken)说(语言)，讲话Can you speak French?你会说法语吗?Do you know who will speak at the meeting?你知道谁要在会上发言? talk towith sb 与某人谈话，talk aboutof sthsb谈论某人或某事 He was talking towith his friend whom I called him 当我给他打电话时，他正在和他的朋友谈话。What are you talking about?你们在说什么? say 说(后接说的内容)What did he say at the meeting?他在会上说了什么?She said she would be back the next week她说下周回来。 tell 告诉 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事(接双宾语)Who told you the news?是谁告诉你的那个消息? 讲，说 tell stories讲故事，tell a lie撒谎，tell the truth说实话 Grandma used to tell stories to me when 1 was young 我小的时候，奶奶经常给我讲故事。 Dont believe him! He is telling a tie 别信他!他在撒谎。 To tell you the truth，I dont quite agree with you 老实说，我不太同意你的意见。 8complete vt使完全，使完整，(圆满完成) Shes trying to complete collection of the CDs 他试图收齐那套CD。 adj. 巧完整的，完全的 Can you make complete sentences? 你会造完整的句子吗? He is a complete stranger to me 他对我来说完全是陌生的。 9secret n秘密 Its a secret between you and me，so dont tell it to others 那时我们之间的秘密，所以不要告诉别人。 adj. 秘密的Lets keep it secret from others咱们不让别人知道此事。Let the cat out of the bag= Let out the secret泄露秘密。 10impress vt使感动，给深刻印象 What he did impressed everybody present 他的事迹给在场的人留下了深刻的印象。 The beautiful sights of the country impressed all of us 那个国家的美景打动了我们所有的人。 、 impressed adj. (被)感动的We were impressed by what he did我们被他的话所感动。 11. native n. 当地人，本国人 When we were on vacation in Brazil，we lived like the natives 我们在巴西度假时，就像当地人那样生活。The kangaroo is a native of Australia袋鼠是产于澳洲的动物。 native speaker 生来就说某种语言的人 He speaks English so well that we all think he is a native speaker 他的英语说得太好了，我们都认为他是个本地人。 native language 母语 Marx was born in Germany，and German was his native language 马克思出生在德国，法语是他的母语。 Important phrases(重点词组) 人民教育出版社教学资源分社 11isten to cassettes 听磁带 2first of all 首先 3workstudy with a group 和小组一起学习 4watch English language TV 看英语电视 5spoken English 英语口语 6writing practice 写作训练 7join an English club 加入英语俱乐部 81ater on 以后；随后 9look up words(in a dictionary) 查同典 10native speakers 生来就说某种语言的人 11not at aIl 根本不；一点也不 12end up 结束 13. ask the teacher for help 求助于老师 14make up 组成；编造 15enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 16take notes 做笔记 17make mistakes 犯错误 1 8make flashcards 制作认读卡片 19read aloud 朗读 20. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 Important sentences(重点句子) 人民教育出版社教学资源分社 1. How do you study for a test?你怎样准备考试? study for a test prepare for a test 准备考试 What were you doing when I called last night? 一I was studying for the math test 一 昨天晚上我打电话时你在干什么?一 我在准备数学测验。 2. I study for an English test by listening to cassettes. 我听录音准备英语测验。 by 靠，用(方法，手段等)，后接动名词(doing)He makes a living by repairing bikes他靠修车为生。 listen vi后加to再接名词。 My sister was listening to music when I got home 当我到家时，姐姐正在听音乐。 Listen! Someone is knocking at the door听!有人在敲门。 3He studies by asking the teacher for help他靠求助于老师来学习。 ask sb for help求助于某人 You can ask me for help if you have trouble Thank you1 will 如果你有麻烦，你可以求助于我。一 谢谢。我会的。 4Do you ever practice conversations with friends? 你曾经和朋友练习过会话吗? ever adv. 用于疑问句和否定旬中，“曾经”Do you ever worry that you11 fail a test?你担心考试会不及格吗? practice vt(Am.E) practice (Br.E) 练习在美国英语中practice既可作名词又作动词；但在英国英语中practice为名词；practise为动词。 5. What about listening to cassettes?听录音怎么样? what about + ndoing? how about + nprondoing。例如： WhatHow about going to the movies tonight?今晚去看电影怎么样? 6. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 靠朗读来练习发音怎么样? read aloud 朗读 Reading aloud is very helpful in leaning English朗读在学英语中很有帮助。 7Ive learned a lot that way 我那样学到了很多。 a lot 代表一个不可数名词。例如：Though he is young，he knows a lot他虽然很小，但他知道很多。 that way相当于一个副词，way用于which，this，that之后，构成短语，“那样”。如： Dont talk to your parents that way别那样和父母说话。 8It improves my speaking skills它能提高我的口语技巧。 Improve vt. 改进，改善，提高 His work is improving slowly他的工作在慢慢改进。 Her pronunciation has greatly improved他的发音大大提高了。 speaking skill 口语技巧 listening skill 听力技巧writing skill 写作技巧 reading skill 阅读技巧 9. Its too hard to understand to voices听懂不同的声音很困难。 too + adj.adv. + to do “太而不能”。又如： He is too young to go to school他太小，不能上学。 She runs too slow to catch up with me她跑得太慢追不上我。 10This week we asked students at New Star High School about the best ways to learn more English本周我们问新星中学学生关于多学点英语的最好方法。 ask sb about sth 询问某人关于的情况 Ask her about the pen that you lostShe may have found it 问问她你丢的钢笔，也许她捡到了。 the best ways to do sth = the best ways of doing sth 做的好办法 Who can tell me the best way of memorizingto memorize new words? 谁能告诉我记单词的最好办法是什么? 11. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little 她说记流行歌曲的歌词也有点帮助。 that引导的是宾语从句，在宾语从句中memorizing the words of pop songs为动名词短语作主语。例如：Teaching English is my job教英语是我的工作。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health做早操对你的身体有好处。 a little有点，代表不可数名词，其反义词为a lot。一Would you like some sugar in your coffee?你的咖啡里想加糖吗?一Yesjust a little好，要一点点。 12Hes been learning English for six years and really loves it 他学英语有六年了，并且很喜欢它。 “hashave been doing sth”现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在，还要进行下去的动作。又如：She has been learning English for 5 years她学英语有五年了。 He has been reading for 2 hours and hasnt finished it yet他看书有两个小时了，但还没有完成。 13. He finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly他发现看英语电影很令人失望，因为人们说话太快。 动名词watching movies在此句中作宾语，又如： I like playing basketball我喜欢打篮球。 frustrating为现在分词充当形容词作用，在句中作宾语watching movies的宾语补足语。 find sbsth + n.adj.doing “发现某人”，后面的“n.adj.doing”作宾语补足语。又如：I find him a hard-working student我发现他是个勤奋的学生。I find physics difficult to learn我发现物理很难学。 When she got home，she found him lying in the bed，i11当她到家时，她发现他躺在床上病了。 14She added that having conversations with friends wasnt helpful at a11 她补充说和朋友练习会话一点帮助都没有。 having conversations with friends为动名词短语作宾语从句中的主语，要特别注意，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，不要与friends一致。例如： Taking care of the little kids is her job照看孩子们是她的工作。 notat all 一点也不，用来加强语气，又如： I dont agree with him at a11我一点也不同意他的意见。 15. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese 我们会因为某件事变得很激动，最后用汉语来描述。 end up达到某种状态或采取某种行动，又如： At first he said nothing but he ended up apologizing 一开始，他什么也不说，到头来还是道了歉。 161m doing a survey about learning EnglishCan l ask you some questions?我正在就关于学习英语作调查。我能问你几个问题吗? do a survey about sthdoing sth 关于作调查 Last week，we did a survey about surfing the Internet 上周，我们就网上冲浪作了个调查。 some用于疑问句时，表示希望得到肯定回答，如果只是询问信息，可以用any代替some用于疑问句和否定句中。又如： Could you please lend me some money? 你能借给我些钱吗? (希望得到肯定回答) Did you buy her any gifts? 你给她买礼物了吗?(询问信息) 171 often keep an English notebook我经常记英语笔记。 keep vt. 记录(某事)，在某物上做书面记载 She kept a diary for over twenty years她写日记有20多年了。 I have the habit of keeping notes我有记笔记的习惯。 18I cant pronounce some of the words有一些单词我不会发音。 somemanyallmostnonefewof the + 名词 Most of the students love reading多数学生喜欢看书。 191 make mistakes in grammar我在语法方面老犯错误。 make a mistakemake mistakes 犯错误 Dont be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English 当说英语时不要怕犯错误。 by mistake 错误地 Do you know that potato chips were invented by mistake? 你知道炸薯片是被错误发明的吗? 20I dont know how to use commas我不知道怎样使用逗号。 此句的宾语是由疑问词how加不定式to use commas构成的，这是个简单句，它可以改为一个复合句。例如： I dont know how I should use commas I dont know what to do I donL know what I should do 我不知道该做什么。 Can you tell mc when to start? = Can you tell me when I should start? 你能告诉我何时出发吗? 21Why dont you join an English language club to practice speaking English?你为什么不加入一个英语俱乐郝来练习说英语昵? Why dont you do? = Why not do? 表示建议，意为“为什么不?”，又如： Why dont youWhy not go to school by bike when theres heavy traffic? 当交通很拥堵时，你为什么不骑白行车上学呢? join加入某组织成为其中的成员，take part in参加某种活动，attend参加会议，报告，演讲等。例如： His father joined the Party in 1976 他爸爸是1976年入的党。 People often take part in sports after work 工作之余人们经常参加体育活动。 I attended an important meeting yesterday昨天我参加了一个会。 22. l dont have a partner to practice English with 我没有同伴一起练习英语。 此处的不定式to practice English with作定语，修饰a partner。又如：The teacher has something to say老师有话要说。He has no room to live in他没有房子住。 23First of all，it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class 起初，对我来说听懂老师在班里讲话都不是件容易的事。 first of all 最初，首先 First of all she just smiled，then she started to laugh 最初她只是笑，后来才放声大笑。 It iswas + adj. + for sb to do (句式)对某人来说做某事 例如： It is difficult for me to learn physics well对我来说学好物理很难。 It is important to learn English.学英语很重要。 24To begin with，she spoke too quickly，and l could not understand every word.一开始，她说得太快了，我不能听懂所有的话。 to begin with = to start with 首先，一开始，第一 To begin with he had no money，but later he became quite rich 他起初没钱，可是后来相当富有了。 notevery + 可数名词单数 = not all + 复数名词表示部分否定“并非所有的”又如： You dont have to remember every word 你没必要记住所有的字。 Not all the students live far away from school 不是所有的学生都住得离学校远。 25Later on，I realized that it doesnt matter if you dont understand every word后来，我意识到如果有些词听不懂没关系。 later on 后来，以后 At first things went well，but later on they ran into trouble 起初事情进展地很顺利，但后来他们遇到了麻烦。 realize vt. 意识到，认识到(有一个逐渐认识的过程)，不用于进行时和被动语态。例如： One day youll realize that you are wrong 总有一天你会意识到你错了。 that引导的是realize的宾语从句，在宾语从句中又出现了if引导的条件状语从旬。例如： It doesnt matter ff you cant drive a car 如果你不会开车没关系。 26Also l was afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me。 我还害怕在班里发言，因为我怕同学会嘲笑我。 be afraid of sthto doof doing sth 害怕不敢恐怕做某事 I used to be afraid of the dark我过去常常怕黑。 Shes afraid to goof going out alone at night 她害怕夜晚独自出去。 might 表示可能性 He might know her telephone number，but Im not sure 他可能知道她的电话号码，但我不确定。 laugh at sb 嘲笑 Its bad manners to laugh at people in trouble嘲笑陷入困境的人不礼貌。 27. 1 think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner 我认为做大量的听力练习是成为一名好的语言学习者的秘诀之一。 doing lots of listening practice 动名词短语作主语。 one of the secrets of doi