备战2019高考英语名词提升练习.docx

2019备战高考英语：名词提升练习（含解析）李仕才一、单选题1.Could you tell me the_ of making such tasty cakes? Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook. A.featureB.planC.costD.trick2.In a(n) to help preserve history, the Greek government established a committee to undertake the professional restoration of the Acropolis. A.orderB.purposeC.aimD.attempt3.China Daily, whose editorial office is in Beijing, also has _ in all major cities in China. A.branchesB.companies C.organizationsD.businesses4.If there is a(n) of something, for example, a machine or part of the body, it goes wrong and stops working. A.failureB.accidentC.damageD.error5.Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an . A.affairB.assistantC.aspectD.attraction6.Paul has gone abroad to try his luck. In my_ , his decision is not wise. A.wordB.viewC.sightD.way7.He tried his best to make the_of the famous professor and persuaded him to be his tutor.May he succeed. A.decisionB.functionC.acquaintanceD.friends8.He did not feel the need to say compliments, since he believed one should be confident within his heart. A.wishesB.complaintsC.apologiesD.praises9.When I came back home, I wrote him a letter to show my _ of his thoughtfulness. A.appreciationB.agreementC.attentionD.achievement10.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000,a(n)_of 40,000 per year. A.averageB.numberC.amountD.quantity11.In order to _ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school. A.requireB.inquireC.acquireD.address12.Always read the_on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A.explanationsB.instructionsC.descriptionsD.introductions13.What it is to have exciting game in the afternoon after school！ A.a fun; aB.a fun; anC.fun; anD.fun; a14.On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderful of the nearby hills. A.viewB.sightC.lookD.scene15.“I dont think its my _ that the window suddenly broke. I just opened it, thats all,” said the boy in tears. A.errorB.faultC.mistakeD.duty16.Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary _ from them to help rebuild the economy. A.commitmentB.appointmentC.instrumentD.requirement17.This book contains a _ of several articles in nuclear physics so you can read it before you read the book in detail. A.digestB.digestionC.previewD.manual18.My doctor says I need an operation, but Ive asked a second _. A.roleB.concernC.opinionD.request19.The teacher _ the exam marks on the wall so that the students could see them. Actually, I didnt quite like this _, though I was among the top students. A.put up; practiceB.put on; improvementC.take down; performanceD.take off; scene20.She enjoyed the excitement of her work. Money was not her only _. A.breakthroughB.performanceC.careerD.motivation21.Beijing has built many sports centres, and they have the latest _. A.equipmentsB.facilitiesC.advantagesD.souvenirs22.Over years，scientists have made a great_in the treatment of cancer. A.breakinB.breakthroughC.breakupD.breakdown23.The medicine should usually be kept out of the _ of children at home. A.distanceB.reachC.limitD.arrival24.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered by a robot. A.scissorsB.sectionC.skinD.sympathy二、语法填空25.Living on her own in a foreign country for a year gave her a lot of _ (confident). 26.A large_of money was spent on the bridge. 27.We will try to make _with those students who are in need of books in the Mountainous area. 28.“This is a matter of _ (important) and it cannot be settled carelessly,” the manager said. 29.Chinese athletes have made many important_(contribute) to the Olympic Games. 30.There are a number of_(艺术馆) in the district. 31.The actor was dressed in funny clothes, much to the _ (entertain) of the audience. 32.Some day in the future, Ill make the _ (explore) of the surface of the Moon. 33.It will certainly be of great help to Tom, if there is a good environment, enough books and _ (equip), as well as instruction from his teachers and friends. 34.Are you available this afternoon to talk with me about rights and _.(free) 35.The plan will be submitted to the committee for official _(approve). 36.We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond _ (describe) 37.There are _ (various) of books on the Internet. 38.Several people witnessed the attack, but no one came to her _(defend). 39.He made an _ (apologize) to his mother for telling a lie. 答案解析部分一、单选题1.【答案】D 【考点】名词 【解析】【分析】句意：你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。A.feature特征；B.plan计划；C.cost花费；D.trick诀窍。这里表示“你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗”，所以选D。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分feature，plan，cost，trick的含义。2.【答案】D 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。句意：为了帮助保存历史，希腊政府专门成立了一个委员会来承担雅典卫城的专业修复。A. order“命令”；B. purpose“目的”；C. aim“目标”；D. attempt“企图，尝试”。in an attempt to固定短语，“为了，企图”，故选D。【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握选项中四个名词的含义和用法，准确把握短语in an attempt to。3.【答案】A 【考点】名词 【解析】【分析】句意：中国日报编辑部在北京,它在中国所有大 城市都有分部。branch分支,分部；company公司;organization组织;business生意。故选A。【点评】考查名词的辨析，区分branch，company，organization，business的含义。4.【答案】A 【考点】名词 【解析】【分析】句意：如果某物失败了，例如，一台机器或身体的某一部位，说明它出毛病了，停止工作了。A. failure “失败”； B. accident“事故”；C. damage“损害”；D. error“错误”。故选A。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分failure，accident，damage，error的含义。5.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。A. affair风流韵事，私事；B. assistant助手；C. aspect方面；D. attraction吸引。句意：克莱尔知道，格拉迪丝认为她有风流韵事了。根据句意可知本题选A。6.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】句意：保罗出国淘金去了。在我看来，他的决定不明智。in my view=in my opinion在我看来； 故选B。【点评】考查固定词组。7.【答案】C 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】句意为：他尽力结识那位著名教授，并说服他当他的导师。祝他成功。make the acquaintance of sb.结识；与相见，是固定短语。make a decision about就做出决定；function作用，功能，职能；make friends with与交朋友。8.【答案】D 【考点】名词辨析 【解析】【分析】句意：他不觉得有必要说恭维话 ， 因为他相信一个人应该在心里充满自信。A.wishes“愿望”；B.complaints“抱怨”；C.apologies“道歉”；D.praises“赞美”。故选D。【点评】考查名词，区分wishes；complaints；apologies；praises的含义。9.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】考查名词。句意：当我到家的时候，我写给他一封信表达我对他的周全考虑的感激之情。A项表示“欣赏，感激”；B项是“同意，一致”之意；C项表示“注意”；D项是“成就”，故选A项适合。10.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】句意：去年毕业时有驾照的学生数量已达到20万，平均每年4万。average“平均，平均数”；a number of“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词；an amount of“许多，大量”，修饰不可数名词；a quantity of“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 根据句意，应选A项。【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握average、number、amount、quantity四个名词的含义和用法。11.【答案】C 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】考查词义辨析。A.需要；命令 B.询问；查究 C.获得；学到 D. 演说；忙于。句意：为了学到更好的英语知识，他放弃了工作去一所英语学校学习。故选C。【点评】考查词义辨析12.【答案】B 【考点】名词辨析 【解析】【分析】 句意：读瓶子上的说明，然后正确服药。explanation“解释；注释；说明”；instruction“说明；须知”，常用作复数形式；description“描写”；introduction“引导；传入；介绍”。根据句意，此处指药瓶上的“用药须知；服用说明”。故选B。【点评】考查名词辨析，注意理解句意和单词词义。13.【答案】C 【考点】不定冠词，what引导的感叹句，不可数名词 【解析】【分析】句意：下午放学后去踢一场激动人心的比赛是一件多么有趣的事儿啊！fun是个抽象名词,但它的用法与其他的抽象名词又不尽相同。即使在具体话的时候也不加冠词a. what fun (it is) to do sth“干某事多有趣呀”。have an exciting game “一场激动人心的比赛”，an表泛指。故选C。【点评】考查感叹句和冠词，本题涉及不可数名词fun的应用和不定冠词的用法。14.【答案】A 【考点】名词 【解析】【分析】句意：在山顶，你能看到附近山上的美景。A. view“风景，视野”； B. sight“视力”；C. look“面容”； D. scene“场面”。 get a view of为固定搭配，意为看到的景象。故选A。【点评】考查名词，区分view，sight，look，scene以及固定短语get a view of。15.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】考查名词。此题考查“error”“mistake”“fault”的区别，根据题意可知这个错误带有责任，因此应该用fault，而error主要是技术上的错误错误，mistake不带含责任意味。因此选B。【点评】find fault with找事，找岔子。16.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】考查名词。A句意：既然银行在逐渐复原当中，我们期待得到来自他们特别的承诺帮助重建经济。 commitment承诺；B. appointment预约；C. instrument仪器；D. requirement要求。故选A。【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步准确区分选项中的名词的含义和用法。17.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。名词digest摘要；digestion消化，领悟；preview试映，预演；预告片；象征，预示；manual手册，指南；句意：这本书里有一些关于核物理的摘要，所以在你详细阅读这些书之前，你可以阅读这些摘要。本题的in detail是关键词，与“digest摘要”对应。故A正确。【点评】考查名词辨析18.【答案】C 【考点】名词 【解析】【分析】句意：我的医生建议我开刀，但是我又征求了其他医生的意见。role”角色，任务“；concern”关心，关注“；opinion“意见”；request”请求“。选C。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分role，concern，opinion，request的含义。19.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择，动词短语的辨析 【解析】【分析】考查动词词组和名词。A. put up提供，张贴; practice 练习，惯例 ； B. put on穿上; improvement改善；C. take down记下; performance表演； D. take off起飞; scene场面。句意：老师把考试分数张贴在墙上目的是学生们能够看见。事实上，我不喜欢这样的做法，尽管我在顶尖的学生中。根据句意可知选A。20.【答案】D 【考点】名词辨析 【解析】【分析】句意：她很享受工作时的兴奋感。钱不是她唯一的动力。根据前面提到的excitement可知，该空指的是动力。A. breakthrough “突破”； B. performance“表演”；C. career “事业”； D. motivation“动力”。故选D。【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分breakthrough；performance；career；motivation的含义。21.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】考查名词。句意：北京建了很多体育中心，他们有最新的设备。A. equipments”装备“； B. facilities ”设备“；C. advantages ”优势“； D. souvenirs”纪念品“。可知答案为B。【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握选项中四个名词的含义和用法。22.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】考查单词意思辨析。A项“非法进入，闯入”；B项“突破”；C项“破裂”；D项“失败，损坏”。根据句意“在过 去的几年里，科学家在癌症的治疗上已经取得了重大突破”。故答案为B。23.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】名词词义辨析题。A. distance距离 B. reach手可触及的范围 C. limit 限制D. arrival 到达 根据语境“药品应放在家中孩子够不到的范围”所以选D。24.【答案】D 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择 【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。A. scissors剪刀；B. section部分；C. skin皮肤；D. sympathy同情。句意：托尼则说，克莱尔一定是很不高兴，才会说出这样的话来。克莱尔觉得，机器人会向她表示同情，这有点荒唐可笑。根据句意可知选D正确。二、语法填空25.【答案】confidence 【考点】不可数名词 【解析】【分析】句意：她在异国他乡生活了一年，给了她很多自信。a lot of = lots of,可修饰可数或不可数名词，意为“许多”， “大量的”，相当于many或much。故答案为confidence。【点评】考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据句意和句子成分分析，对词进行必要的变形，同时熟记固定搭配和基本句型。26.【答案】amount 【考点】固定短语，名词 【解析】【分析】句意：一大笔钱花在了这座桥上。a large amount of固定短语，译为“许多，大量的”，可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词。故填amount。【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语a large amount of。27.【答案】contact 【考点】固定短语，名词 【解析】【分析】句意：我们将设法与那些在山区需要书籍的学生取得联系。contact名词，“联系”，make contact with固定短语，“与取得联系”。结合句意判断填contact。【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语make contact with。28.【答案】importance 【考点】名词 【解析】【分析】句意：“这是一个重要的问题，不能随便解决，”经理说。of后接名词或动名词，故important的名词形式为importance。【点评】考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据句意和句子成分分析，对词进行必要的变形。29.【答案】contributions 【考点】固定短语，名词 【解析】【分析】句意：中国运动员为奥运会做出了重要贡献。make a contribution to固定短语，“为做出贡献”，根据前面的many可知用复数形式。故填contributions。【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语make a contribution to。30.【答案】galleries 【解析】【分析】句意：在这个地区有许多艺术馆。a number of“许多”，后面接名词复数，故填galleries。【考查】考查名词单复数，要求在理解句义的的基础上，根据括号内的单词，结合相关语法知识，写出正确的单词形式。31.【答案】entertainment 【考点】固定短语，名词 【解析】【分析】句意：这位演员身着奇装异服，很受观众的欢迎。much to ones +名词，固定短语，“使某人非常.”，所以填entertainment。【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语much to ones +名词。32.【答案】exploration 【考点】名词 【