高中英语AhealthylifeSectionⅣLearningaboutLanguageamp；UsingLanguage教学案.docx

Unit 3 A healthy life Section Learning about Language amp；Using Language原文呈现读文清障HIV/AIDS: ARE YOU AT RISK？HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a persons immune system; that is, the part of the body that fights disease. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease. This stage of the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small.HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex. For a person to become infected， blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection. One day scientists will find a cure for HIV/AIDS. Until that happens, you need to protect yourself. Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.at risk 处境危险；遭受危险HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)人体免疫缺损病毒(艾滋病病毒)SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)非典型性肺炎(严重急性呼吸道综合征)immune/Imjun/adj.有免疫力的AIDS/eIdz/(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)艾滋病(后天免疫缺损综合征)chances此处指“某事发生的可能性”。survival/svaIvl/n.幸存fluid/fluId/n.流体；液体sex/seks/n.性；性别infected adj.受感染的a cure for . 治疗的方法you can do是省略引导词that的定语从句，修饰some things; you stay safe是make sure的宾语从句。HIV病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危险？HIV是一种病毒(人体免疫缺损病毒)。病毒是引发疾病的微生物。它有许多不同的种类，如流感病毒或SARS病毒。HIV病毒会削弱人体的免疫系统，即身体里与疾病抗衡的那个部分。在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。这种疾病到了这个阶段就叫艾滋病。如果你得了艾滋病，幸存的可能性很小。HIV是通过血液或性交时产生的液体传播的。携带病毒的血液或性交时的液体必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。将来总有一天，科学家会找到医治HIV病毒或艾滋病的方法的。在找到之前，你必须保护你自己。你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己的安全：If you inject drugs：do not share your needle with anyone else. Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle. If a person has HIV and you use the same needle, you could inject the virus into your own blood.do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs. Blood could have spilt on it.If you have sex with amale or a female.use a condom. This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another.inject/Indekt/vt.注射injection/Indekn/n.注射；注射剂needle/nidl/n.针；(注射器的)针头could/can have done 可能会；可能已经spill/spIl/(spilt, spilt)vi.溢出；洒落vt.使溢出；使洒落male/meIl/n.男人；雄性动(植)物adj.男性的；雄性的female/fimeIl/n.雌性的动(植)物；女人adj.女性的condom/kndm/n.避孕套prevent . from doing sth. 制止/防止做某事假如你要注射药物：不要同别人共用注射针。别人的血液可能会留在针头内外。如果某人有HIV病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把病毒注入你自己的血液中。在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。血液可能会溅到这些物品上来。假如你同一个男人或女人性交：要使用避孕套。它可以防止性交时产生的液体的传入。The following statements are NOT true.A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex. WRONG. If one sexual partner has HIV, the other partner could become infected.You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV. WRONG. Many people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.Only homosexuals get AIDS. WRONG. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIV/AIDS risks getting the virus. Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.the first time意为“第一次的时候”，引导时间状语从句。tell此处表示“判断；辨别”。whether or not .是宾语从句。现在分词短语作定语，修饰many people。此为强调句型，被强调部分为时间状语从句only when .。homosexual/hmsekl/n.同性恋 adj.同性恋的who引导定语从句修饰anyone，从句中过去分词短语infected with .作a person的后置定语。其中anyone who .whoever .。be likely to do 可能做下列这些说法都是错误的。初次性交的人不可能染上HIV病毒。错了。如果性交的一方有HIV病毒，另一方就有可能被传染上。通过观察你可以看出某人是否带有HIV病毒。错了。许多HIV病毒携带者看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。只有同性恋才得艾滋病。错了。任何人如果同感染了HIV病毒/艾滋病的人性交都有染上这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。If you hug, touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home, you will get HIV/AIDS. WRONG. You can only get the disease from blood or sexual fluid. Unfortunately, people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice. Many people are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those infected with HIV/AIDS. For the same reason, some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick. You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes. WRONG. There is no evidence of this.If you hug ., you will get ., if引导条件状语从句，在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。prejudice/preddIs/n.偏见；成见不定式短语to look after them作目的状语；when引导时间状语从句。evidence n证据evident adj.明显的如果你同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家做客，你就会(从他们那里)感染上HIV病毒或得艾滋病。错了。你只可能通过血液或性交时的液体传染上这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见，HIV病毒携带者有时会失去他们的朋友。许多人担心他们会从HIV病毒携带者或艾滋病患者那儿染上HIV病毒或感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找不到任何人来照顾他们。蚊子可以传染HIV病毒和艾滋病。错了。(目前)还没有证据说明这一点。Step 1Read the text and answer the following questions.1Scan the text and choose the main idea for each part.Part 1AWays to protect yourself.Part 2 BSome wrong statements about AIDS.Part 3 CBackground information about HIV/AIDS.答案：Part 1C, Part 2A, Part 3B2The passage tells us about _.Asome common understanding of HIV/AIDSBscientists have found a cure for HIV/AIDSCways to protect ourselvesDthe definition of HIV/AIDS and the warning to us答案：DStep 2Choose the best answers according to the text.1You can get HIV through _.Ahaving meals with the patients with AIDSBkissing someone with AIDSCinjecting drugs using the same needleDtouching someone infected with HIV2We can infer from the passage that _.AHIV is the same as AIDSBHIV is different from AIDSCHIV weakens a persons immune systemDyou can have HIV in your blood for quite a long time3In order to stay safe, you _.Ashould not use the needle someone else has usedBhave to avoid using anything else that the person has used while injecting drugsCshould use a condom if you have sex with another personDall of the above4The passage is a(n) _.AadvertisementBstoryCposter Dnews report答案：14CBDC一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.appendixn 附录；附件2.pilln. 药丸；药片3.needlen. 针；(注射器的)针头4.prejudicen. 偏见；成见5.cigarn. 雪茄烟6.awkwardadj. 局促不安的；笨拙的.拓展词汇1.illegaladj.不合法的；违法的legal(反义) adj.合法的2.survivaln幸存survive vi.幸存；活下来survivorn幸存者；生还者3.maleadj.男性的；雄性的 n男人；雄性动(植)物female(反义) adj.女性的；雌性的 n女人；雌性的动(植)物4.judgementn看法；判决；判断judge v判决5.embarrassedadj.尴尬的；陷入困境的embarrass vt.使局促不安embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的1.needle n(注射器的)针头；针词块a needle and thread针线sit on pins and needles如坐针毡2.prejudice n偏见；歧视词块PrideandPrejudice 傲慢与偏见3.cigar n雪茄烟联想cigarette n香烟tobacco n烟草；烟丝词块smoke a cigarette 吸烟4.awkward adj.笨拙的；令人不舒服的联想clumsy adj.笨拙的；不得体的5.后缀al名词荟萃survivesurvival幸存removeremoval 移动；去除refuserefusal 拒绝denydenial 否认arrivearrival 到达approveapproval 赞成二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.in_spite_of不顾；不管；尽管2take_risks/a_risk 冒险3get_into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)4at_risk 处境危险；遭受危险5out_of_breath 上气不接下气6make_up_ones_mind 下定决心1.cause disease引发疾病2the flu virus 流感病毒3immune system 免疫系统4fight disease 抵抗疾病5chances of survival 生存几率6become infected 受感染三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1. . but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。so .that .意为“如此以至于”；that引导结果状语从句。The dough figurine he made was_so_beautiful_that we couldnt wait to have a try ourselves.(2015北京高考满分作文)他做的面人是如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。2.Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。while后接分词短语构成省略句，省略了主语和be动词。People can enjoy the moon while_eating_moon_cakes,_which are the special food for this festival. 人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。3.Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men. 女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。be likely to do sth.意为“有可能做某事”。Once people have seen that something actually works, they are_much_more_likely_to_accept change. 一旦人们看到有些东西确实奏效，那他们可能会更容易接受变化。1(教材P20)In spite of all his efforts he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.尽管他很努力还是失败了，他伤心地想哭。in spite of不顾；不管；尽管；虽然In spite ofhis age, he still leads an active life.尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。We went out in spite ofthe heavy rain.We went out in_spite_of_the_fact_that it rained heavily.Although/Though it was raining heavily, we went out.尽管下着大雨，我们还是出去了。2(教材P20)He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead oftaking risks.他觉得每一步都得作出决定而不是冒险。take risks/a risk冒险(1)take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事at risk 有风险at the risk of . 冒着风险(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事Men who had been stressed tended to take more risks while women responded in the opposite way.男性在压力下更容易冒险，然而女性却完全相反。It is not worthwhile to take the risk of offending your boss just to get such a small sum of money.仅是为拿到那一点钱就去冒险触怒老板，不值得。Your health might be at_risk due to much smoking.由于吸烟太多，你的健康可能受到威胁。 He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.他对面试作了充分的准备，因为他不想冒失去这一次好机会的危险。 3(教材P20)Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place!当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是首先就别养成(吸毒的)习惯。get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)get into/form the habit of养成的习惯get into trouble/debt 陷入麻烦/债务Ive got into the habit ofcalling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.我已养成了在放学回家的路上看望祖父母的习惯。If you continue spending money like this, youll get_into_debt.如果你继续这样花钱，(总有一天)你会负债的。get across(使)通过；(使)被理解；(把)讲清楚get along/on 进展；相处get away 逃脱；离开get down to 开始认真工作He gets across well, doesnt he?他说话很透彻，是不是？The business is getting along/on very well.生意进行得很不错。4(教材P23)Before you read this text, whatjudgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS?在阅读这篇课文之前，你对感染艾滋病病毒的人有什么看法？judgement n看法；判断；判决(1)in ones judgement在某人看来pass judgement on 对作出裁决(2)judge n. 法官；裁判员 vt.vi. 判决；判断；断定judging by/from . 根据来判断In my judgement, we should accept their apology. 依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。He passed judgement on the guilty man. 他对那个罪犯做出了裁决。You cant judge a book by its cover. 不能根据封面判断一本书(不可以貌取人)。Judging_from/by his accent, he is from Canada.从他的口音上判断，他是加拿大人。5(教材P24)Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt soembarrassed and awkward.然后她递给我一支烟，我感到非常尴尬与不安。embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的(1)be/feel embarrassed about/at . 对感到难为情/不知所措be/feel embarrassed to do sth.对做某事感到尴尬(2)embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的embarrass vt. 使尴尬embarrassment n. 窘迫；尴尬Iwas embarrassed at his unexpected question. 他突然的发问使我不知所措。 He was very embarrassed to_hear (hear) people speak so highly of him.他听见别人这样夸他，感到很难为情。Now he is in an embarrassing (embarrass) situation. 现在他处境尴尬。My face turned red with embarrassment (embarrass)我窘得脸都红了。Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。while injecting drugs相当于while you are injecting drugs，为状语从句的省略。省略状语从句的条件when, while, before, after, unless, as if等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it状语从句谓语中含有be动词状语从句的省略成分省略从句中的主语和be动词In class, wed better try hard to follow our teacher as much as possible while (we are) taking notes.上课记笔记时，我们最好紧跟着老师(讲课)的步骤。Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.任何时候可能的话，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。名师点津省略句中的谓语动词和主语构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示尚未发生，则使用不定式。When surfing (surf) on the Internet, I found the news.当上网时，我发现了这条消息。When asked (ask) about the secret of his success, he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.当被问及他成功的秘诀时，他说他所取得的成功和幸福主要归功于他的妻子和孩子。He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。.单句语法填空1In spite of the fact that we are different in colors, languages and races, we share the charm and joy of the Olympic Games.2Ive got into/formed the habit of reading English aloud in the morning.3Operate the electrical appliance following the instructions attached in the box, or youll be at risk.4In her judgement, he was not very good at his job.5I was_embarrassed (embarrass) for her when she slipped and fell. 6While listening (listen), the secretary set down a series of what the manager said.补全句子1He keeps working in_spite_of_his_illness. 他不顾生病坚持工作。2Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they_may_get_into_trouble.这种人总是坚持自己的观点，即使这意味着他们可能会陷入困境。3You cant achieve your dream easily without_taking_risks/a_risk.不冒险你不可能轻易实现梦想。4Judging_from_the_expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.从她脸上的神情来判断，她一定有很令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。5She is_embarrassed_about/at her height.她因自己个子高而困窘。6When_(it_is)_heated,_water can be changed into steam.被加热时，水能变成蒸汽。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1Peter looks awkward (笨拙的), but in effect he is very smart.2A judge must be free from prejudice (偏见), so he can make a judgement about a case correctly.3What do you think makes his plan abortion (中途失败)?4The male (男性) is usually physically stronger than the female (女性)5The needle (针) pierced her finger while she was doing some sewing.6I lit a cigar (雪茄烟) to calm my nerves.7He is embarrassed (尴尬的) because he made a mistake.8A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival (幸存).单句改错1Despite of her good salary, she measured out every dollar needed for household expenses.去掉of2Dont take it for granted, and even an experienced climber can get into the trouble.去掉the3It is typical of him to take risk in the experiment.riskrisks或risk前加a4I bet he was even more embarrassing than I was.embarrassingembarrassed5Judged from appearance, he seems to be a strong man.JudgedJudging6How does the woman feel when asking about the offer price of her flat？askingasked.选词填空1The girl has got_into the habit of playing with her hair while reading.2In_spite_of great efforts, we failed to carry out our plans through.3Have you made_up_your_mind to quit smoking?4After the 800metrerace, the girls were out_of_breath.5We dont want to take_the_risk_of losing their business.本单元语言点温故练习.同义句转换(用it改写句子)1To my surprise, he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English well.To my surprise, he thought_it_impossible for him to learn English well.236 students are said to have passed the exam in our class.It_is_said_that 36 students passed the exam in our class.3To give up smoking is not easy.It_is_not_easy to give up smoking.4Debating about it is useless.It_is_useless debating about it.5I became stronger and stronger, which made my parents glad.I became stronger and stronger, and it_made_my_parents_glad.6He felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul.He felt_it_his_duty to serve the people heart and soul.7In the west, people send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends, making it a rule.In the west, people make_it_a_rule to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.8When and where to hold the match hasnt been decided.It_hasnt_been_decided when and where to hold the match.补全句子1He couldnt find a new solution to the problem under_stress.在压力下，他不能找出解决这个问题的新办法。2She was_banned_from athletics for two years after failing a drug test.她在药检检查失败后被禁赛两年。3They decided to cancel the flight due_to_the_storm.由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这次航班。4It is said that many teenagers are_addicted_to_cigarettes nowadays.据说现代很多青少年对香烟上瘾。5(2014安徽高考书面表达)Go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical_exercise_is_an_effective_way to get rid of anger.到户外去和朋友们一起做团体运动，因为体育锻炼是消除烦恼的一种有效方法。6He was_ashamed_of having lied to her.他因对她说了谎而感到内疚。7I am_accustomed_to/accustom_myself_to_living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city.我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城里很困难。8I cant afford as_expensive_a_car_as_his. 我买不起像他的一样昂贵的小汽车。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Its spring now. After a long, cold winter, your waistline may have expanded a bit and you may be considering a diet.Just do a quick Internet search of “crash diets”. The results are endless. “From start to finish, I dropped about 20 pounds，” Megan Costic said about her crash diet. “I cut everything out: I wasnt even eating vegetables at the end of it.”It was all to prepare for a bodybuilding show. Costic says its not the way she normally prepares, nor the way she should prepare. “It wasnt supposed to be a crash diet. I just started my plan a little too late，” said Costic.So what happened after the show? Exactly what you might expect. Costic gained all the weight back, and fast. “I deprived (剥夺) my body of so much stuff, once my body tasted all those salty, sugary, fattening foods, it wanted more and more，” said Costic.Costic is not alone. Wellness Dietitian with ProMedica Health Systems Nathan Drendel says he has seen it all. “People lose 1520 pounds and they dont learn anything but deprivation and they overeat and put 25 on. Then they drop 30 and put 35 on，” explained Drendel. “It can have problems with the heart, and the immune system. It can mess up your metabolism (新陈代谢) over time if you do it for a long time，” said Drendel.Doctor Ameer Kabour, Chief of Cardiology for Mercy St. Vincents, says his department sees a lot of people with heart problems this time of year, after doing a crash diet. “Because of that diet, people have a significant drop in their blood pressure and they pass out (昏迷)，” said Kabour.1Why did Costic try crash diets?ATo change her lifestyle.BTo prepare for a show.CTo keep fit and healthy.DTo enjoy the spring season.解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段“It was all to prepare for a bodybuilding show.”可知，Costic开始速效减肥是因为她要参加一个健美比赛。2What can we learn from Costics case?APeople should keep on trying crash diets.BC