2019版高考英语大一轮复习 语法突破篇 3 定语从句课件.ppt

第三讲定语从句,01,02,04,针对训练,03,定语从句的几个问题,定语从句的种类,在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。,1限制性定语从句,它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。,Doyouknowthegirlwhojustcamein?你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？Shanghaiisacity(that)Ivealwayswantedtovisit.上海是我一直想参观的城市。ThetimewhenIfirstmetMr.Whitewasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.我第一次遇见怀特先生是我一生中非常困难的时期。,2非限制性定语从句,它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。,Theoldwoman,wholivesonherown,hasacatforpany.这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。,关系词的用法,1关系代词的用法,1关系代词的用法,Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday?你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样？HeworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthatIhadeverseen.他解答出了我所见过最难的题目。Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.不爱活动或饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。Hehasmovedintoahousewhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。,1关系代词的用法,HenryisthemostenergeticyoungmanthatIhaveevereacross.亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。,在限制性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可通用。但要注意以下几种情况：,只用that而不用which的情况,先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,先行词有序数词修饰时,Thisisthethirdtimethattheyhavemet.这是他们第三次见面。,1关系代词的用法,Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。,只用that而不用which的情况,先行词既有人又有物时,先行词为all，much，few，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时,Idliketotellyousomethingthatmightmakeyousurprised.我想告诉你一件可能会让你吃惊的事情。,先行词前面有thevery，theonly，thesame，any，few，little，no，all，oneof等词修饰时,ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。,1关系代词的用法,IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek，whichmyclassmatesremendedtome.我上周从图书馆借了夏洛克福尔摩斯这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。,只用which而不用that的情况,引导非限制定语从句时,在定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时,IwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.我被置之于我不得不接受我不重要的境地。,2关系副词的用法,2关系副词的用法,WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundaywhentheweathermaybebetter.WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundayonwhichtheweathermaybebetter.我们把野餐推迟到下周日，那时天气可能会变好。,WhenIarrived，hetookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.WhenIarrived，hetookmetoseethehouseinwhichIwouldbestaying.当我到达时，他带我去看了我将要住的房子。,ThereasonwhyIdonttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.ThereasonforwhichIdonttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。,2关系副词的用法,名师指津where引导定语从句时，不仅仅修饰具体的地点，还可以修饰抽象的地点，此时先行词常为situation，case，point等抽象名词。Hegotintoasituationwhereitwashardtodecidewhatwasrightandwrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。,3关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句的区别,正确区分关系代词和关系副词，关键是要弄清楚它们在定语从句中担当什么成分，而不仅仅取决于先行词是什么。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。试比较：,Thisisthecollege(that/which)Ivisited.ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.,Illneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.IllneverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried.,4“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,4“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？(on与theday搭配)TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(bedevotedto为固定搭配)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding，mostofwhomarefamilymembers.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是家人。,4“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,名师指津whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构，个别情况下也可以用“介词when/where”。IwishtothankProfessorSmith，withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会取得这么大的成就。Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill，fromwhereshecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。,5as引导的定语从句及其与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,Itsthesamepersonaswewantedtofindyesterday.我们昨天要找的是同一个人。SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。Shewillmarryaswealthyamanasshecanfind.她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。,其主要结构有：thesame.as.，such.as.，as/so.as.等。主句中出现thesame，as，such，so修饰先行词，需选择as作关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。,5as引导的定语从句及其与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,名师指津thesame，such，so引导限制性定语从句和结果状语从句的区别thesame，such，so可以与as或that搭配。as引导的是定语从句，在从句中充当成分；而that引导的是结果状语从句，从句结构完整。Itissobreathtakingaparkthateveryonewantstovisitit.(结果状语从句)Itissobreathtakingaparkaseveryonewantstovisit.(定语从句),5as引导的定语从句及其与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,as与which引导非限制性定语从句时都可以代指整个主句内容，其主要区别如下：,5as引导的定语从句及其与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,Aseveryoneknows，Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。Thesunheatstheearth，whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。,名师指津当非限制性定语从句的谓语为被动式谓语时，常用as引导。asbeannounced，asbeexpected，asbeknown，asbereported，asbesaid，asbeshownTheairqualityinthecity，asisshowninthereport，hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如报告所显示的那样，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。,定语从句的几个问题,1定语从句中的主谓一致,Heisthemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou.Thepicturesthat/whichlookbeautifulweredrawnbyhim.,Liquidwaterchangestovapor，whichiscalledevaporation(蒸发)Asisusual，Hanscametoschoollatethismorning.,2非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别,区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and，but等并列连词或分号等的存在，若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。,Inourclassthereare46students，ofwhomhalfwearglasses.(定语从句)Inourclassthereare46students，andhalfofthemwearglasses.(并列句),3定语从句与地点状语从句的区别,where可以引导定语从句，也可以引导地点状语从句，二者的区别主要看有无先行词。,Ricegrowswellintheplacewherethereisenoughwater.(定语从句)Ricegrowswellwherethereisenoughwater.(地点状语从句),.单句语法填空,1Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchoffatandsalt，_isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017全国卷)2Sarah，_hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全国卷)3Myeldestson，_worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.(2017天津卷)4Thelittleproblems_wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017北京卷)5In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof_purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(2017江苏卷),which,who,whose,that/which/不填,whose,.单句语法填空,6MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.(2016全国卷)7Istillrememberthefarm_myparentsworkedtenyearsago.8Iboughtagreatmanybooks，_whichIspentallmymoneythatIhadsaved.9Thereissowarmahouse_wewanttolivein.10Theonlything_isslowerthanbeforeisthewaywedrive.,when,where,on,as,that,.单句语法填空,11Thereisnosimpleanswer，_isoftenthecaseinscience.12Theyhavereachedthepoint_theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.13Rememberthatthereisstillonepoint_wemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.14Thereason_whichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.15Lilytookafewfriendstomybirthdayparty，noneof_Iwasfamiliarwith.,as,where,which,for,whom,.单句改错,1Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017全国卷)2Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017全国卷)3ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMomsfavorite.4Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.5Wewentuptotheroof，fromwhichwehadagoodviewoftheprocession.,which,that/which,that/which或去掉what,which,where,.单句改错,6Thechildren，allofthemhadplayedthewholedaylong，werewornout.7Myhouse，thatIboughttwoyearsago，hasgotalovelygarden.8Whichweknow，smokingisharmfultooneshealth.9Thisisthemuseumwherewevisitedlastsummer.10Isthisthereasonwhyheexplainedforhisrudenessatthemeeting？,whom,或wherewhich/that,which,As,或whywhich/that,.翻译句子,1上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。(which/that在从句子中作主语)3住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。(who/that在从句中作主语)4他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。(that在从句中作宾语),Themanwhom/thatyousawlastweekhasleftthetown.,Guilinisacitywhich/thathasahistoryof2，000years.,Themanwho/thatlivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishwell.,Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersonsthatwehadneverheard.,.翻译句子,5查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。(who引导非限制性定语从句)6我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。(which引导非限制性定语从句)7正如一句谚语所说，“只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。”(as引导非限制性定语从句)8在汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这是我做梦也没有想到的。(which引导非限制性定语从句),CharlieSmith，whowasmyformerteacher，retiredlastyear.,Myhouse，whichIboughtlastyear，hasgotalovelygarden.,Asasayinggoes，“AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”,IwonthefirstprizeintheChinesespeechpetition，whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams.,.语法填空,LaughterYogaisanewformofexercise1._promotestheuseoflaughterasaformofphysicalexercise.It2._(create)inthemid1990sasasocialexperiment.AlthoughitcamefromIndiaand3._(definite)includessomeyoga，dontexpectittohavemuchinmonwiththeyogaclasses4._(offer)atyourlocalstudioorgym.LaughterYogaattachesmoreimportancetotheformerthantothelatter.Themethodbeganin1995whenDr.MadanKatariacalledonagroupofstudentsinapark5._(test)whetherintroducingregularlaughterintopeoplesliveswouldimprovetheirwellbeing.Katariaalsointroduceddeepbreathingandsimplestretchesintotheexercises.,that/which,wascreated,definitely,offered,totest,.语法填空,Medicalresearchhassuggested6._laughingisagoodwaytoreducestressandhelppeoplefeelgood.KatariasLaughterClubsarepoppingupinresponse7._peoplesneedtohandle8._(press)Katariaalsooffe