2019高考英语 语法突破四大篇 第一部分 专题2 非谓语动词课件.ppt

,Grammar,第一部分词法篇动词,专题1动词的时态和语态专题2非谓语动词专题3情态动词和虚拟语气,PART1,高频考点清单,PART2,重温高考真题,PART3,热考点集训,专题2非谓语动词,PART1,高频考点清单,非谓语动词的形式及句法功能,非谓语动词的核心考点,1.非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语表示目的IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。Georgereturnedafterthewar，onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.,(2)现在分词作状语一般式doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。Thesunbegantoriseinthesky，bathingthemountainingoldenlight.(主动关系)完成式havingdone表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Igottotheofficeearlierthatday，havingcaughtthe7：30trainfromPaddington.被动式havingbeendone表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前),(3)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thecityisverybeautiful.(被动关系),2.非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词作定语现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome，therewasapileofmailswaitingforher.(2)不定式作定语不定式作定语表示未做的事情。Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.,不定式作定语的特殊用法：下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，right，courage，promise，time，opportunity，way，thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.,(3)过去分词作定语过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。Youcannotacceptanopinionofferedtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.Hisfirstbookpublishedlastmonthisbasedonatruestory.注意：表示心理状态的动词-ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词-ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。,3.非谓语动词作宾语(1)动词afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作宾语；动词e，get，grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地”。Davidrefusedtoacceptmyinvitation.Shehasahottemper，butyouwillgrowtolikeher.注意：下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词不定式”作宾语：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，findout，advise，discuss等。Idontknowhowtodealwiththiskindofmatter.,(2)动词admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考虑)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接动名词作宾语。BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.动词短语cantstand，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote.to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，havefun等后要接动名词作宾语。Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.,介词后要接动名词作宾语，如whatabout，howabout，befondof，begoodat等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upondoingsth.assoonas引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。Onhisarrival/Onarrivingatthestation，hefoundthetrainhadjuststarted.注意：表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语；表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式作宾语。Ilikelisteningtomusic，buttodayIdontliketo.want，require，need表“需要”讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；用动名词时，用其主动形式(表被动意义)。Thepatientrequiredtobeexamined.Thepatientrequiredexamining.,4.非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词作主语Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)(2)不定式作主语Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语),5.非谓语动词作宾补(1)分词作补语的区别现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，listento，lookat等。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.Iwonthaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(被动，正在进行),过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.,(2)不定式作补语接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise，allow，ask，cause，mand，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，leave，like，mean，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，callon，dependon/upon，longfor，waitfor等。Ididntmeanyoutohearit.Werealllongingforthenewtermtobegin.,接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make，have，let等使役动词以及see，watch，notice，observe，lookat，feel，hear，listento等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.Shewasseentoenterthemanagersofficetenminutesago.(3)with宾语宾补Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhisworkfinished，hegladlyacceptedit.Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle，thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.,6.非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容。Thequeensworkislayingeggs.(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。HisambitionistogotoHarvardUniversity.注意：现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。,书面表达中非谓语动词易错点聚焦,1.缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识,(误)Wethoughtitwrongforhertopunish.(正)Wethoughtitwrongforhertobepunished.(误)Themanlayonhisback，withhiswholebodyburyinginthesand.(正)Themanlayonhisback，withhiswholebodyburiedinthesand.,2.缺少搭配意识,(误)WouldyoupleasestoptowatchTV？Youhavewatcheditfortoolong.(正)WouldyoupleasestopwatchingTV？Youhavewatcheditfortoolong.(误)Yoursuitneedstoiron.(正)Yoursuitneedsironing.(正)Yoursuitneedstobeironed.,3.缺少前后主语一致意识,(误)Beforehandinginyourtestpaper，itisnecessarytogooverthewholepaper.(正)Beforehandinginyourtestpaper，youshouldgooverthewholepaper.(正)Beforeyouhandinyourtestpaper，youshouldgooverthewholepaper.,4.缺少结构意识,(误)Timepermits，Illtalkforanotherhour.(正)Timepermitting，Illtalkforanotherhour.(误)Havingnotbeeninthecitylong，Iwasstillastrangerthere.(正)Nothavingbeeninthecitylong，Iwasstillastrangerthere.,PART2,重温高考真题,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考向1作宾语或补足语,.单句语法填空1.Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyes.(2018全国),答案,解析,解析动词avoid后要接动名词作宾语。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛，故用looking。,looking,2.Oncehismessagewasdelivered，heallowedme(stay)andwatch.(2018全国),答案,解析,解析固定短语allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事，应该用tostay作宾补。,tostay,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,3.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph(take).(2018天津),答案,解析,解析句意为：我需要一个新护照，所以我得去让人给我拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语myphotograph与take之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。,taken,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,4.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired_(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017全国),答案,解析,解析requiresth./sb.todosth.需要某物/某人做某事，此处用其被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式toprocess作主语补足语。,toprocess,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017全国),答案,解析,解析表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。,eating,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,6.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017全国),答案,解析,解析included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式作included的宾语。,laying,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,7.ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全国),答案,解析,解析wanttodosth.想要做某事，动词不定式作want的宾语。,toprove,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout(use)electricequipment.(2015全国),答案,解析,解析介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。,using,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.(2018全国),selling,答案,解析,解析此处用动名词作介词by的宾语。,1,2,3,4,5,2.Asakid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem，myparentswouldnotletme.(2018全国),watch,答案,解析,解析asktodosth.要求做某事。,1,2,3,4,5,3.Whensummeres，theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables！(2017全国),答案,解析,解析invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事。,to,1,2,3,4,5,4.Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.(2016全国),taking,答案,解析,解析此处为between.and.结构，连接动名词短语作宾语，故此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。,1,2,3,4,5,5.ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.(2015浙江),feel,答案,解析,解析make后跟复合宾语，当宾补为动词且与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，用动词原形。,1,2,3,4,5,考向2作主语或表语,.单句语法填空1.Ittookhimalongtime(acquire)theskillsheneededtobeeagooddancer.(2018天津),答案,解析,解析句意为：他花了很长时间才获得成为一名好舞者所需要的各项技能。考查动词不定式作主语。在Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.句型中，it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。,toacquire,2.(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.(2018北京),答案,解析,解析句意为：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有意义的经历。“alongtheoldSilkRoad”作主语，要用动名词。,Traveling,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017全国),interested,答案,解析,解析interesting意为“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意为“感兴趣的”，多指人。该句的主语是they，故用interested作表语。beinterestedin意为“对感兴趣”。,2.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，whichmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.(2013新课标全国),Having,答案,解析,解析分析句式结构可知句子的主语应为Haveteainthelateafternoon这部分，动词原形不能作句子的主语，所以应该用动名词形式作主语。,考向3作定语,单句语法填空1.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s，whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全国),答案,解析,解析因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。,permitted,1,2,3,4,2.For25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomething_(eat)！(2016四川),答案,解析,解析不定式toeat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！,toeat,1,2,3,4,3.AbercrombieKent，atravelpanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全国),答案,解析,解析句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作定语。,living,1,2,3,4,4.Astudyoftravelers(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015全国),答案,解析,解析句意为：TripAdvisor网站进行的一项对于旅行者的调查把阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句意和句子结构可知，study与conduct构成逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应该使用过去分词作定语，修饰名词study。,conducted,1,2,3,4,考向4作状语,.单句语法填空1.Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice_(improve)waterquality.(2018全国),答案,解析,解析句意为：为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词而且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填toimprove。,toimprove,1,2,3,4,5,6,2.Ordinarysoap，(use)correctly，candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(2018北京),答案,解析,解析因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系，因此应该用过去分词作状语，usedcorrectly相当于ifitisusedcorrectly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。,used,1,2,3,4,5,6,3.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod，(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.(2018江苏),答案,解析,解析句意为：在这段时期创造了大约13500个新工作，超过了市场分析家认为的12000的预期数字。werecreated是谓语，因此exceed只能用非谓语动词形式，句子的主语与exceed之间为主动关系，因此用现在分词形式作伴随状语。,exceeding,1,2,3,4,5,6,4.Sixteenyearsearlier，Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring_(cook)ameal.(2017浙江),答案,解析,解析Pahlsson当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式作目的状语。,tocook,1,2,3,4,5,6,5.Skilledworkersalsobinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.(2016全国),答案,解析,解析句中已有谓语bine，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，binevarioushardwoodsandmetal的目的是tocreatespecialdesigns，故填动词不定式作目的状语。,tocreate,1,2,3,4,5,6,6.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots，(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.(2016全国),答案,解析,解析第二句中已有谓语cooked，且无其他连词，use与主句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。,using,1,2,3,4,5,6,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Everyonewassilent，waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.(2018全国),waiting,答案,解析,解析分析句子结构可知，was为谓语动词，主语everyone与wait之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。,2.Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.(2015陕西),答案,解析,解析句意为：我也许明年得再退休一次，只是为了能得到更多的饼干。故此处用动词不定式表示目的。,to,考向5固定搭配,.单句语法填空1.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term(rest).(2017全国),答案,解析,解析spendtime(in)doingsth.为固定搭配。,resting,1,2,3,2.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice，youllbelesslikely(bring)yourworkhome.(2016全国),答案,解析,解析固定表达belikelytodo.很可能做某事。,tobring,1,2,3,3.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；atthesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015全国),答案,解析,解析“形容词enough动词不定式”为常用句式。,tocool,1,2,3,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！”(2017全国),Turn,答案,解析,解析根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个属于并列结构，都是祈使句，都以动词原形开头。,2.Wevebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.(2015四川),singing,解析spendtime(in)doingsth.花费时间做某事，为固定搭配。,答案,解析,PART3,热考点集训,.单句语法填空1.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday，(wear)sunglasses.2.Shewishedthathewasaseasy(please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.3.(build)in1192，thebridgeisover800yearsold.4.(collect)stampsseemstobehismainhobby.5.Ididnttalkmuchtotheman(sit)nexttome.6.Weather(permit)，wellhaveanoutingtomorrow.,查看答案,wearing,toplease,Collecting,Built,sitting,permitting,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.2.Well，Iha