高三英语语法复习名词解析.doc

名词1.名词就是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其它抽象概念等的名称的词。 个体名词：单个人/物 可数名词 普通名词 集体名词:一群人/一些事总称 物质名词：无法分为个体的物质材料2.名词 不可数名词 抽象名词：人/物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的名词 专有名词：专门指代某一人、物、地点、机构、组织等的名词，首字母一般要大写3.可数名词的数可数名词有单、复数的区分，当数量大于一时，就要用复数形式。 After he had two potatoes and three_ (西红柿)for his breakfast, he went to two different _ (公司) to buy ten _ (盒)of_ (钢笔)and two boxes of_ (小刀).归纳总结： 名词变复数，一般情况下直接加_; 以-s，-x， -sh， -ch结尾，加_； 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为_，再加_； 以f或fe结尾的常用名词，把f或fe改为_； 以o结尾的名词，一般加_，但_却要加es。 The two _ (过路人) with no _ (脚) and legs， who were_ (成年人)， found that two_ (女教师)， together with a group of _ (小孩)， were running after a few_ (老鼠) and_ (棉羊).归纳总结： 含man的名词,一般变man为_,但German_; 将oo改为ee的有_等; 复数以en结尾的有childchildren, oxoxen等; 将ouse改为ice的有mousemice, louselice(虱子)等; 单复数同形的有sheep, deer， fish， aircraft(飞机), means, works(工厂), Swiss, Japanese, Chinese等; 合成词中有主体名词的只变主体名词，如passers-by, fathers-in-law，没有主体名词的,直接在词尾加s,如grown-ups。4. 不可数名词的特点(1) 不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不可直接用不定冠词、数词，或few, many等修饰，但可用some, much, a great deal of 等修饰。(2) 转化:有的不可数名词可转化为可数名词,如,表示种类时： various steels(各种钢);表示具体的人或事物时: success (成功的人或事)等;表示“一场/ 段/ 件”时:a heavy snow(一场大雪)； 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等;two teas and a coffee (两杯茶和一杯咖啡); 表示不同意思时: paper (纸不可数;报纸可数)。注意： 有些不可数名词是无论什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的， 可称作“绝对不可数名词” 。如，advice， fun， homework， information， news， progress， equipment， furniture等。5.名词所有格翻译下列短语： 1 _汤姆的父亲 _教师办公室(3)_狄更斯(Dickens)的小说_汤姆和约翰的朋友_理发店 _我叔叔的家_今天的新闻 _ 那本书的封面归纳总结： 有生命的人或物，以及表示时间、距离、金额、重量、国家或城市等的名词，其所有格一般用“_”表示，若是以s结尾的名词后只加“_”。无生命的东西的所有格一般用_表示。补充：be of +use/ value/ importance 等抽象名词，其用法相当于形容词的用法，在句中可做表语、补语等。The book is of great use. = _6.名词的用法与语境分析主要用法所处语境1在谓语之前 The book was stolen .2在谓语之后 I have a problem.在介词之后 She suffered from loneliness.3在系动词之后 My brother is a worker.4在主语之后谓语之前 We students should study hard.5在宾语之后 We made Tom our monitor.6在另一个名词之前gold medal 金牌(材料)color film 彩色电影(类别)sports shoes 运动鞋(用途)7.名词与语法填空做语法填空时，我们可以根据名词在句中的作用来判断是否填名词。2 名词通常在_ (如 a worker)、_(如his illness)、_ (如this book)、_ (如the authors name), 及some, any, many, a lot of 等限定语后。语法专练1. _ (Anne) sister Margot was very upset that the family had to move. However， she knew that she had got to go through all the_ (difficult) with her family.2. Since “Life is a stage”, we are actually all actors and _ (act). On this stage, everyone has his own role to play, and I will try my best to play my role well.3. There are more visible changes in our gestures and facial _ (express).4. Lang Lang is a world-class young _ (piano) who grew up in Shenyang.5. Its very important to teach the children about road _(safe).6. Your _ (kind) is grateful.7. There are two important _ why we offer you the goods now.8. The exciting result filled us with _ (proud).9. Marys dress is similar in appearance to her elder _(sister).10. The success of our experiment is a great _ (satisfy) to us.11. He has never shown much _ (consider) for her feeling.12. I dont like the _ in which you laugh at her.13. His _ (careful) resulted in the terrible accident.注意：语法填空中，一般不会像在完型填空中那样，要求根据上下文来确定填某个名词。如果考，也只限于reason, way, situation等较为特殊的词。Some years ago, SARS broke out in the mainland of China, causing some people to be killed or nearly got close to (1)_(die). The situation was so severe that there was no time (2)_(debate) who is to blame. The most important thing for the (3)_ (govern) to do is to find out the cause of this deadly (4)_(ill). They invited all the experts in this field to discuss and quite a few (5)_ (suggest) were put forward. Some of the top experts picked out those suggestions and tested them to see whether they were available. Doctor Zhong Nanshan chose one _ who was seriously ill and had little hope of (6)_(pick) up and had the new (7)_(medical) tested on him. To his great (8)_ (joyful), this patient recovered! He made his way to his (9)_(official) and telephoned to the top official, telling him this