高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第一节六大解题技巧课件.ppt

第一节 六大解题技巧,专题三 阅读理解,栏目索引,一、关键信息定位法,三、题段一致法,四、释义法,五、扫读法,六、位置特征法,二、关键词法,(2017天津，A片段) Writing the wrong name The sooner you notice，the better.Respond quickly and briefly，apologising for your mistake.Keep the tone measured：dont handle it too lightly，as people can be offended，especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e.incorrect ordering of Chinese names),一、关键信息定位法,典例1,37.If you have written the wrong name in an email，it is best to . A.apologise in a serious manner B.tell the receiver to ignore the error C.learn to write the name correctly D.send a short notice to everyone,解析 细节理解题。由题干中的“written the wrong name”可定位到“Writing the wrong name”下的“.apologising for your mistake.Keep the tone measured：dont handle it too lightly.”。由此可知，如果在电子邮件里写错了名字，以一种严肃的方式向对方道歉是最好的，故选A项。,答案,解析,点津,解答这类题时，一个常用的方法就是根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子。如该句中出现了but，however，yet，while等表转折的词语及in addition，furthermore，besides，moreover，whats more，most of all，most importantly，especially等表递进的词语，后面往往为关键信息，是正确答案。但要与选项进行比较，最终确定答案。该方法运用的前提是在题干中找到定位关键词。该方法多用于细节理解题。,(2017全国，A片段) Visit Pacific Science Centers Store Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.,牛刀小试1,21.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A.In Building 1. B.In Building 3. C.At the Laser Dome. D.At the Denny Way entrance.,解析 细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“souvenir” 可将答案锁定在Visit Pacific Science Centers Store这一部分；再根据本段中的“The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼上，故选B。,答案,解析,(2017天津，D片段) I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting.But where are we doing all of this waiting，and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours？To understand the issue，lets take a look at three types of “waits”.,二、关键词法,典例2,55.The author supports his view by . A.exploring various causes of “waits” B.describing detailed processes of “waits” C.analyzing different categories of “waits” D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”,解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“To understand the issue，lets take a look at three types of waits.”可知，作者是通过分析这三种类型的“等待”来帮助理解这个问题，故选C项。,答案,解析,点津,半数以上的文章会在文章的第一段或最后一段直接给出主题关键词，且常是首句；还有部分文章在第一段或最后一段间接给出主题关键词，正确答案与主题关键词有高度的重合性：形似、意似。,牛刀小试2,(2017全国，A片段) Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.,22.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A.Train science teachers. B.Distribute science books. C.Inspire scientific research. D.Take science to the classroom.,解析 细节理解题。由标题及该段第二句“Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.”可知此处的关键词应是“science”，太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂。,答案,解析,(2017天津，A片段) Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal(透露) to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner，or what holiday youd like to take.In this instance，the best solution is to send a quick，light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness.But it can quickly rise to something worse，when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation.In this instance，step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.,三、题段一致法,典例3,解析 细节理解题。由题干中的“reply all”可定位到“Clicking reply all unintentionally”下的“In this instance，step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.”。由此可知，此题应选B项“避免进一步的参与”。,38.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email? A.Try offering other choices. B.Avoid further involvement. C.Meet other staff members. D.Make a light-hearted apology.,答案,解析,点津,按照文章的发展顺序设置题目，是目前最主要的出题方法。这种出题方法最简单，最容易操作，因此为命题者所偏爱。学生则应按照文章的段落顺序依次进行解答，没有必要百分之百读懂整篇文章，没有必要从头到尾把全文读一遍，按照这一定律，边看题干，边看原文，从而快速解题。,牛刀小试3,(2017全国，A片段) Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.,23.What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A.To encourage donations. B.To advertise coming events. C.To introduce special exhibits. D.To tell about the Centers history.,解析 推理判断题。根据该部分中的“Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供捐助。故选A。,答案,解析,(2017天津，C片段) The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.,四、释义法,典例4,解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“.the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.”可知，death valley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选D项。,46.What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.A place where cars often break down. B.A case where passing a law is impossible. C.An area where no driving is permitted. D.A situation where drivers role is not clear.,答案,解析,点津,词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。词义猜测的具体技巧如下：根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据同义关系进行猜测；根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测；根据因果关系进行猜测；根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测；根据常识或背景知识进行猜测。,牛刀小试4,(2017全国，D片段) To construct a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.,33.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.The tube. B.The still. C.The hole. D.The cup.,解析 词义猜测题。根据本段描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高the water catcher的生产力，结合全文可知，提高的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的生产力，故选B项。,答案,解析,(2017全国，B片段) The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.,五、扫读法,典例5,解析 细节理解题。扫读全文，可确定该段中的“I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.”为解题的关键信息。由此可知，作者为猫头鹰幼雏做的新鸟巢让它很快就安静下来。故选A。,26.What made the chick calm down? A.A new nest. B.Some food. C.A recording. D.Its parents.,答案,解析,点津,扫读不是简单地走马观花，而是在保证快速、高效的前提下，锁定关键信息：(1)注意特征词，如：luckily，unfortunately，as a result，besides等；(2)注意时间点，如：yesterday，last year，today，now等；(3)找主线：文章的主线往往是文章的中心思想或者作者对文中所论述的事物所持的观点或态度等。,牛刀小试5,(2016四川，D) A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.,The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.,While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now，taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.,34.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat，Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health,解析 标题归纳题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以选项A 是文章的最佳标题。,答案,解析,34,35,35.How does the author support the theme of the text? A.By giving examples. B.By stating arguments. C.By explaining statistical data. D.By providing research results.,解析 推理判断题。详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。,答案,解析,34,35,(2017天津，D片段) We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting.The next time youre standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that youll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky，dont be desperate.Youre probably just as busy as the next guy.,六、位置特征法,典例6,解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“The next time.dont be desperate.”可知，下次等待的时候，不要绝望，即不要丧失信心(Dont lose heart.)，故选D项。,54.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting? A.Take it seriously. B.Dont rely on others. C.Do something else. D.Dont lo